Yb:Gd3Ga5O12多晶粉体的制备及性能表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Yb:Gd3Ga5O12(Yb:GGG)多晶粉体.利用X射线衍射、热重-差热分析、扫描电镜、红外光谱、荧光光谱测试手段,对前驱体及煅烧的粉体的结构、形貌及光谱性能进行了研究.结果表明:950 ℃煅烧的粉体已是属于体心立方的晶体结构的Yb:GGG纯相.热重-差热分析表明:Yb:GGG超细粉体的总的质量损失为29.13%,初晶化温度在830.6 ℃附近,粉体在1 246 ℃左右晶化程度较高.随着煅烧温度的提高前驱粉体粒度不断增加,形成Yb:GGG纯相的最佳的煅烧温度为950 ℃,所获得的纳米粉体粒度约为80～100 nm,粒径均匀、分散性和流动性较好.荧光光谱表明,主要发射峰位于1 030 nm,是Yb3 的基态2F7/2与激发态2F5/2能级跃迁导致的荧光发射.     

均相共沉淀及凝胶燃烧法制备Yb:GGG纳米粉的比较(英文)

用均相沉淀法和凝胶燃烧法分别合成了掺镱钆镓石榴石粉体(Yb3+Gd3Ga5O12,gadolinium gallium garnet doped with ytterbium,Yb:GGG).借助X射线衍射、透射电镜、热分析、红外光谱及荧光光谱等手段对制备粉体的结构、形貌、热分解过程及光谱特性进行对比分析.结果表明:在900℃煅烧8 h后,2种方法均能获得单相立方的Yb:GGG纳米粉体.均相沉淀法及凝胶燃烧法得到的粉体平均粒径分别约为80 nm和47nm.在488nm激发波长下,2种方法获得的Yb:GGG粉体的荧光光谱相似,荧光发射的最强峰位于1 027nm处,是Yb3+的2F7/2→2F5/2谱相导致的荧光发射.     

Nd：GGG多晶原料的制备与表征

采用固相反应法制备了Nd:GGG晶体原料.XRD测试结果表明,固相反应法合成Nd:GGG原料的最佳温度为1300 ℃;扫描电镜观察发现,粉体颗粒呈球形,平均粒径约为1 μm;荧光性能的分析表明,荧光发射的最强峰位于1061.54 nm处,是Nd3+4F3/2-4I11/2跃迁产生的荧光发射.     

Yb:YVO4多晶粉体的合成与性能表征

采用液相共沉淀法合成了Yb:YVO4多晶粉体.利用X射线衍射、热重-差热分析、扫描电镜、红外光谱、荧光光谱测试手段,对前驱体及煅烧粉体的结构、形貌及光谱性能进行了研究.结果表明:粉末样品的衍射峰的分布和相对强度与标准YVO4的基本一致.热重分析表明,1 000℃煅烧时,Yb:YVO4粉体总质量损失为13.59%,随着煅烧温度的提高,前驱粉体颗粒尺寸不断增加.800℃煅烧后的粉体为纳米级Yb:YVO4纯相粉体,1000℃煅烧后的粉体粒度约170nm、粒径均匀、分散性和流动性好.荧光光谱表明:主要发射峰位于1 025.76nm,是Yb3 的基态2F7/2与激发态2F5/2能级跃迁导致的荧光发射.     

柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法制备Nd3+,Yb3+:Y2O3多晶原料及其相组成和荧光特性的研究

本文采用柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法合成了性能优良的Nd3+,Yb3+:Y2O3多晶原料。XRD、IR和SEM测试结果表明样品在900℃煅烧可获得纯相的Nd3+,Yb3+:Y2O3,平均粒径约为40 nm;TG-DTA测试结果表明样品在30～600℃之间失重约为49.28%;从荧光光谱上可以看出两个主要发射峰位于970～1100 nm之间,最强发射峰位于1030nm,对应Yb3+的2F5/2→2F7/2能级跃迁。     

用液相沉淀法或固相法合成Nd:GGG粉体并制备透明陶瓷

比较了用液相沉淀法或固相法合成的粉体以及最终制得的掺钕钆镓石榴石(neodymium-doped gadolinium gallium garnet,Nd:GGG)陶瓷的性能.结果表明:液相法合成的粉体粒度均匀、粒径小,经干压成型后、在1 650℃低真空(1.1×103Pa)状态下烧结2～3h得到一定透明度的Nd:GGG陶瓷.用固相法制备的粉体成型后、在1 750℃烧结2～3 h得到的Nd:GGG陶瓷完全不透明.测得半透明的Nd:GGG陶瓷的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,计算出807nm的峰值吸收截面为1.0×10-20cm2,最强发射峰在1061nm.     

Gd2O3:Eu荧光粉体的制备及其发光特性

分别采用溶胶-凝胶/燃烧合成结合法和共沉淀法合成了Gd2O3:Eu粉体,借助X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、分光光度计等分析手段,对比研究了两种工艺制备Gd2O3:Eu荧光粉体的物相组成、形貌及荧光特性.结果表明:共沉淀法合成的Gd2O3:Eu为立方相;溶胶-凝胶/燃烧合成法制备的Gd2O3:Eu为单斜相.溶胶-凝胶/燃烧合成法制备的Gd2O2:Eu粉体蓬松、多孔,但存在一定程度的团聚.共沉淀法制备的立方相Gd2O3:Eu粉体在610 nm处呈现Eu2 的特征荧光;溶胶-凝胶/燃烧合成法制备的单斜相Gd2O3:Eu的发射波长产生红移,其中最强的2个发射峰起源于Eu3 的5D0→7F2跃迁,分别位于612 nm和621 nm.两种工艺制备Gd2O3:Eu粉体荧光特性的差异是由Eu3 在这两种粉体中所处晶格结构的对称性差异引起的.     

Er3+,Yb3+:YGG激光陶瓷粉体制备与性能研究

本文以Y2O3,Ga2O3,Er2O3,Yb2O3,柠檬酸为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备出Er3+,Yb3+∶YGG激光陶瓷前驱粉体.对粉体进行XRD测试,结果表明在本实验条件下,粉体的最佳煅烧温度为800℃.红外光谱表明800℃时NO;,OH-等离子已被分解.扫描电镜观察发现,粉体颗粒为似球形,粒径约为35 nm,结合XRD数据计算,发现一个颗粒由2～3个晶粒组成,可见溶胶-凝胶法制备的粉体团聚程度相对较低.对粉体进行荧光光谱测试,结果表明由于Er3+的4I13/2-4I15/2的能级跃迁引起的荧光发射,其最强峰位于1530nm处.     

柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法制备Nd,Yb∶YGG激光陶瓷粉体及表征

以Nd2 O3、Yb2 O3、Y2 O3、Ga2 O3和柠檬酸为原料,采用凝胶燃烧法,制备出Nd,Yb∶ YGG激光陶瓷粉体.对粉体进行XRD测试,结果表明在本实验条件下,粉体的较佳煅烧温度为800℃.扫描电镜观察发现,粉体晶粒为类球形,平均晶粒径约为50 nm,晶粒间存在一定烧结现象.荧光光谱测试结果表明Nd,Yb∶ YGG激光陶瓷粉体最强发射峰位于1028 nm,归属于yb3的2 F5n→2 F7n能级跃迁,并且当Nd3+和yb3+的摩尔比为1∶1时yb3的荧光发射强度最强.     

LaF_3:Yb/Er@NaYF_4纳米颗粒的热分解法合成与上转换发光性能研究

采用热分解法以十八烯和油酸作为反应的溶剂,制备了La F3:Yb/Er@Na YF4上转换纳米颗粒。X-射线衍射(XRD)结果表明:所合成的核纳米颗粒为立方相La F3:Yb/Er,La F3:Yb/Er@Na YF4与立方相Na YF4完全对应,且包覆后的平均粒径约为15 nm。透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果表明:样品具有明显的核壳结构,具有单分散性,且形貌均一、结晶性高;在980 nm近红外光激发下,荧光光谱中波长在524 nm和543 nm附近发出来自于Er3+的2H11/2→4I15/2的绿光和4S3/2→4I15/2的黄光,664 nm附近发出来自于Er3+的4F9/2→4I15/2的红光。利用Lg Iem∝Lg Inex公式对发光带峰面积随激发光功率变化的数据进行拟合,证明该样品属于双光子能量吸收过程。     

Ferroelectric Ceramics in the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbCd1/3Nb2/3O3 System

Solid solutions (1-x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ + xPbCd_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ with x = 0-0.30 are investigated with purpose to work out a capacitor ceramics with good dielectric properties and low sintering temperature. It is found that the perovskite phase forms at sintering near to 980°C and begins to decompose at higher temperatures. When x grows from 0 to 0.30, the Curie temperature linearly grows from -10°C to +25°C, the dielectric permittivity ε_m in the Curie point T_C decreases from 18000 to 6800 and the phase transition becomes more diffused. The dielectric permittivity at room temperature is rather high and the temperature stability is improved. The system is of interest, because it can serve as a base for working out some ceramic materials for capacitors with low sintering temperature, which needs of no special atmosphere at burning.     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇（BBMP）为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷（BrMMO）。讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响。通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为：BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4h时,BrMMO产率为65%。最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO。该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小。     

3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环的合成

以三羟甲基乙烷与碳酸二乙酯为原料,经环化反应合成了3-羟甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(HMM O)。在低温下,HMM O与对甲苯磺酰氯反应生成3-磺酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(M TM O)。M TM O和叠氮化钠发生叠氮化反应形成叠氮单体3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(AMM O)。三步反应收率分别为76%,96%,85%。用核磁、红外、元素分析和DSC表征了化合物的结构与性能。结构鉴定表明为目标化合物AMM O。     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇(BBMP)为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(BrMMO).讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响.通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4 h时,BrMMO产率为65%.最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO.该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小.     

The Preparation and Crystal Structure of TlMnCl3, TlFeCl3, TlCoCl3 and TlNiCl3

The compounds TlMnCl₃, TlFeCl₃, TlCoCl₃ and TlNiCl₃ were prepared by heating T1C1 with the corresponding transition metal dichloride in an evacuated ampoule. Atomic positions were determined from powder photographs. All four compounds were found to be related to the perovskite type structure. TlMnCl₃ has a cubic structure, space group Pm3m, with a_o = 5.025 Å. The other three compounds are hexagonal, probable space group P6₃mc, with cell dimensions (in Å) a₀ = 6.976 and c₀ = 6.008 for the Fe compound, a₀ = 6.907 and c₀ = 5.981 for the Co compound and a₀ = 6.863 and c₀ = 5.881 for the Ni compound. The three hexagonal compounds are isomorphous. A measureable concentration of basal plane stacking faults was found to occur in TlFeCl₃ and also, to a lesser degree, in TlCoCl_3.     

Tunable color emission in LaScO3:Bi3+,Tb3+,Eu3+ phosphor

LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ (x = 0 − 0.04, y = 0 − 0.05, z = 0 − 0.05) phosphors were prepared via high-temperature solid-state reaction. Phase identification and crystal structures of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystal structure of phosphors was analyzed by Rietveld refinement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The luminescent performance of these trichromatic phosphors is investigated by diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence. The phenomenon of energy transfer from Bi³⁺ and Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺ in LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors was investigated. By changing the ratio of x, y, and z, trichromatic can be obtained in the LaScO₃ host, including red, green, and blue emission with peak centered at 613, 544, and 428 nm, respectively. Therefore, two kinds of white light-emitting phosphors were obtained, LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.05Tb³⁺,zEu³⁺ and LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.03Eu³⁺,yTb³⁺. The energy transfer was characterized by decay times of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺, yTb³⁺, zEu³⁺ phosphors. Moreover absolute internal QY and CIE chromatic coordinates are shown. The potential optical thermometry application of LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ was based on the temperature sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR). The maximum S_a and S_r are 0.118 K⁻¹ (at 473.15 K) and 0.795% K⁻¹ (at 448.15 K), respectively. Hence, the LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ phosphor is a good material for optical temperature sensing.     

2,2,3-三氯-3-苯基-3-(3-甲基苯甲酰基)丙腈的合成研究

以苯甲酰氯、四氯化碳、间甲基苯甲酰氰为原料,合成了标题化合物。重点考察了氰化过程中不同原料配比、反应温度、时间、溶剂和催化剂用量对收率的影响。实验结果表明,其最佳反应条件为:n(1,1,2-三氯-2-苯基乙烯)∶n(3-甲基苯甲酰氰)=1∶1.2,二氯甲烷为反应溶剂,3 mmol催化剂三乙胺,室温反应5 h,总收率达80.6%。     

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(HB–HV)], and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB–HHx)] were made with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the thermal degradation of PHB, the onset of weight loss occurred at the temperature (°C) given by T_o = 0.75B + 311, where B represents the heating rate (°C/min). The temperature at which the weight-loss rate was at a maximum was T_p = 0.91B + 320, and the temperature at which degradation was completed was T_f = 1.00B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HV) (70:30), T_o = 0.96B + 308, T_p = 0.99B + 320, and T_f = 1.09B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HHx) (85:15), T_o = 1.11B + 305, T_p = 1.10B + 319, and T_f = 1.16B + 325. The derivative thermogravimetry curves of PHB, P(HB–HV), and P(HB–HHx) confirmed only one weight-loss step change. The incorporation of 30 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) and 15 mol % 3-hydroxyhexanoate (HHx) components into the polyester increased the various thermal temperatures T_o, T_p, and T_f relative to those of PHB by 3–12°C (measured at B = 40°C/min). DSC measurements showed that the incorporation of HV and HHx decreased the melting temperature relative to that of PHB by 70°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 90–98, 2001