求解可满足问题的改进的蚁群算法

可满足问题（SAT）是一个NP-hard问题,将SAT问题转换为无约束的离散优化（最小值）问题。并根据M Dorigo提出的蚁群算法,给出了一种求解SAT问题的新方法：改进的最大最小蚁群系统（MMAS-SAT）。在改进的算法中,给出了SAT问题的构造图,指出了启发式信息值的求法,对衰变系数进行了动态调整。测试问题的数值实验表明,采用MMAS-SAT的结果优于Gwsat、Walksat、Novelty等局部搜索算法,因此该算法是求解SAT问题的一种可行高效的算法。     

求解SAT问题的算法的研究进展

SAT问题是研究最广泛的NPC问题之一。由于SAT问题本身的特性,除非P=NP,否则不存在最坏情况下多项式阶时间复杂度的SAT求解算法。因此设计出高效快速的SAT求解算法至今仍是研究热点。首先简要介绍了SAT问题;其次从完备算法、不完备算法和组合算法3个角度总结了新近的研究进展,深入分析了已有算法解决SAT问题的基本流程,并从适用问题类别、算法特点、求解效率等方面对各类先进的求解器进行了对比分析;最后讨论了求解SAT问题的算法面临的挑战,并对下一步研究工作进行了展望。     

一种求解TSP问题的蚁群遗传混合算法

提出了一种蚁群算法与遗传算法相混合的算法。将遗传算法加入到蚁群算法的每一次迭代的过程中,利用遗传算法全局快速收敛的特点,来加快蚁群算法的收敛速度。并且遗传算法中的变异机制,帮助提高了蚁群算法取不到局部最优解的能力。不仅阐述了新算法的原理,而且以TSP问题的求解为例进行了相关的实验,实验结果表明新算法即蚁群遗传混合算法(ACGA)在求解时间和求解质量上都取得了很好的效果。     

基于启发式蚁群算法的VRP问题研究

针对蚁群算法求解VRP问题时收敛速度慢,求解质量不高的缺点,把城市和仓库间的距离矩阵和路径节约矩阵信息融入到初始信息素矩阵中作为启发式信息引入到蚁群算法中用于求解有容量限制的车辆路径规划问题（CVRP）,在三个基准数据集上的实验研究表明,基于启发式信息的蚁群算法与基本蚁群算法相比能够以较快的速度收敛到较好的解。     

改进型量子蚁群算法求解QoS单播路由

针对遗传以及蚁群算法在求解QoS单播路由问题时收敛速度慢和易于陷入局部最优的问题。采用量子蚁群算法求解QoS单播路由,采用量子旋转门实现蚂蚁的移动,用量子非门来实现蚂蚁位置的变异,同时为了确保算法不陷于局部最优,对量子蚁群算法做了改进,并进行了对比实验。实验表明该算法不但克服了遗传以及蚁群算法的易限于局部最优解的缺陷,在收敛速度上也优于相关算法,能较好地解决QoS单播路由问题。     

蚁群算法的收敛速度分析

蚁群算法(ACO)作为一类新型的机器学习技术,已经广泛用于组合优化问题的求解,同时也应用于工业工程的优化设计.相对于遗传算法(GA),蚁群算法的理论研究在国内外均起步较晚,特别是收敛速度的分析理论是该领域急待解决的第一大公开问题.文中的研究内容主要是针对这一公开问题而开展的.根据蚁群算法的特性,该研究基于吸收态Markov过程的数学模型,提出了蚁群算法的收敛速度分析理论.作者给出了估算蚁群算法期望收敛时间的几个理论方法,以分析蚁群算法的收敛速度,并结合著名的ACS算法作了具体的案例研究.基于该文提出的收敛速度分析理论,作者还提出ACO-难和ACO-易两类问题的界定方法;最后,利用ACS算法求解TSP问题的实验数据,验证了文中提出的分析结论,得出了初步的算法设计指导原则.     

引入熵的自适应双种群蚁群算法

为了克服蚁群算法解决旅行商问题（TSP）存在的收敛速度慢和解的质量不高等问题，提出了一种新的引入熵的自适应双种群蚁群算法RBAC。将蚁群划分为红蚁群和黑蚁群，红蚁群在路径选择中引入反馈算子优化解的质量，黑蚁群在信息素更新规则引入负荷算子和反馈算子加快收敛速度并防止陷入局部最优。运用信息熵调控红黑蚁群的划分，当熵值达到目标数值时使红蚁群失活并复制相应数量黑蚂蚁，从而前期提高解的质量，后期加速收敛速度。应用RBAC求解TSP问题，并与经典ACS算法进行比较，结果表明RBAC算法在解的质量和收敛速度之间达到良好的平衡，尤其在大规模城市问题中效果更好。     

基于分布均匀度的自适应蚁群算法

针对蚁群算法加速收敛和早熟停滞现象的矛盾,提出一种基于分布均匀度的自适应蚁群算法,以求在加速收敛和防止早熟、停滞现象之间取得很好的平衡.该算法根据优化过程中解的分布均匀度,自适应地调整路径选择概率的确定策略和信息量更新策略.以数种对称和不对称TSP(traveling salesman problem)问题为例所进行的计算结果表明,该方法比一般蚁群算法具有更好的收敛速度和稳定性,更适合于求解大规模的TSP问题.     

蚁群算法求解连续空间优化问题的一种方法

针对蚁群算法不太适合求解连续性优化问题的缺陷,提出用蚁群算法求解连续空间优化问题的一种方法.该方法将解空间划分成若干子域,在蚁群算法的每一次迭代中,首先根据信息量求出解所在的子域,然后在该子域内已有的解中确定解的具体值.以非线性规划问题为例所进行的计算结果表明,该方法比使用模拟退火算法、遗传算法具有更好的收敛速度.     

基于蚁群算法求解最大团问题

最大团问题是一种典型的NP完全问题, 是图论中一个经典的组合优化问题.研究将蚁群算法应用于求解最大团问题,提出一种求解最大团问题蚁群算法.通过定义最大团问题蚁群算法中的各元素,并改进了蚂蚁搜索解的方法,有效地改善蚁群算法易于过早地收敛于局部最优解的缺陷.仿真实验表明,图中的顶点数较多时,也取得了较好的结果.     

基于变异和信息素扩散的多维背包问题的蚁群算法

针对蚁群算法在求解大规模多维背包问题时存在的迭代次数过多、精度不高的不足,提出一种新的高性能的蚁群求解算法.算法将信息素更新和随机搜索机制的改进相融合.首先,基于对较优解的偏爱,采用Top-k策略从每次迭代的k个解中挖掘出对象间的关联距离;其次,以对象为信源借助关联距离建立信息素的扩散模型,通过信息素扩散的耦合补偿,强化了蚂蚁间的协作和交流;最后,利用一种简单的变异策略对迭代的结果进行优化.在通用数据集上的大量实验表明:与最新的蚁群算法相比,新算法不仅能获得更好的最优解,而且收敛速度有显著的提高.     

Ant colony optimization for resource-constrained project scheduling

An ant colony optimization (ACO) approach for the resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) is presented. Several new features that are interesting for ACO in general are proposed and evaluated. In particular, the use of a combination of two pheromone evaluation methods by the ants to find new solutions, a change of the influence of the heuristic on the decisions of the ants during the run of the algorithm, and the option that an elitist ant forgets the best-found solution are studied. We tested the ACO algorithm on a set of large benchmark problems from the Project Scheduling Library. Compared to several other heuristics for the RCPSP, including genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, tabu search, and different sampling methods, our algorithm performed best on average. For nearly one-third of all benchmark problems, which were not known to be solved optimally before, the algorithm was able to find new best solutions     

基于改进蚁群优化算法的分布式多播路由算法

蚁群优化算法在优化计算特别是在多播路由问题中得到了广泛应用,但在进行大规模优化时,蚁群算法与其它随机优化算法一样,存在着收敛速度慢易于限于局部最小点等缺点。为此,该文提出了一种新的改进蚁群算法。仿真实验表明,应用这种改进型蚁群算法于多播路由问题,可以得到比现有启发式算法更好的结果。     

An efficient hybrid approach based on PSO, ACO and k-means for cluster analysis

Clustering is a popular data analysis and data mining technique. A popular technique for clustering is based on k-means such that the data is partitioned into K clusters. However, the k-means algorithm highly depends on the initial state and converges to local optimum solution. This paper presents a new hybrid evolutionary algorithm to solve nonlinear partitional clustering problem. The proposed hybrid evolutionary algorithm is the combination of FAPSO (fuzzy adaptive particle swarm optimization), ACO (ant colony optimization) and k-means algorithms, called FAPSO-ACO–K, which can find better cluster partition. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through several benchmark data sets. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than other algorithms such as PSO, ACO, simulated annealing (SA), combination of PSO and SA (PSO–SA), combination of ACO and SA (ACO–SA), combination of PSO and ACO (PSO–ACO), genetic algorithm (GA), Tabu search (TS), honey bee mating optimization (HBMO) and k-means for partitional clustering problem.     

Fast Ant Colony Optimization on Runtime Reconfigurable Processor Arrays

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a metaheuristic used to solve combinatorial optimization problems. As with other metaheuristics, like evolutionary methods, ACO algorithms often show good optimization behavior but are slow when compared to classical heuristics. Hence, there is a need to find fast implementations for ACO algorithms. In order to allow a fast parallel implementation, we propose several changes to a standard form of ACO algorithms. The main new features are the non-generational approach and the use of a threshold based decision function for the ants. We show that the new algorithm has a good optimization behavior and also allows a fast implementation on reconfigurable processor arrays. This is the first implementation of the ACO approach on a reconfigurable architecture. The running time of the algorithm is quasi-linear in the problem size n and the number of ants on a reconfigurable mesh with n ² processors, each provided with only a constant number of memory words.     

基于聚类的蚂蚁优化算法

尽管蚁群优化算法在优化计算中有大量应用，但在大规模优化问题中蚁群算法仍存在搜索时间过长、易于停滞现象等等应用瓶颈。基于这些原因，根据经济学组织交易成本理论，文中提出一种新的通过聚类来降低优化问题规模的蚁群优化算法：基于聚类的蚂蚁优化算法，并从理论上表明比其他蚁群优化算法提高了收敛速度并延迟停滞现象。     

Three-dimension path planning for UCAV using hybrid meta-heuristic ACO-DE algorithm

Three-dimension path planning of uninhabited combat air vehicle (UCAV) is a complicated optimal problem, which mainly focuses on optimizing the flight route considering the different types of constrains under complicated combating environments. A new hybrid meta-heuristic ant colony optimization (ACO) and differential evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed to solve the UCAV three-dimension path planning problem. DE is applied to optimize the pheromone trail of the improved ACO model during the process of ant pheromone updating. Then, the UCAV can find the safe path by connecting the chosen nodes of the three-dimensional mesh while avoiding the threats area and costing minimum fuel. This new approach can accelerate the global convergence speed while preserving the strong robustness of the basic ACO. The realization procedure for this hybrid meta-heuristic approach is also presented in detail. In order to make the optimized UCAV path more feasible, the к-trajectory is adopted for smoothing the path. Finally, series experimental comparison results demonstrate that this proposed hybrid meta-heuristic method is more effective and feasible in UCAV three-dimension path planning than the basic ACO model.     

Runtime Analysis of an Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for TSP Instances

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a relatively new random heuristic approach for solving optimization problems. The main application of the ACO algorithm lies in the field of combinatorial optimization, and the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is the first benchmark problem to which the ACO algorithm has been applied. However, relatively few results on the runtime analysis of the ACO on the TSP are available. This paper presents the first rigorous analysis of a simple ACO algorithm called (1 + 1) MMAA (Max-Min ant algorithm) on the TSP. The expected runtime bounds for (1 + 1) MMAA on two TSP instances of complete and non-complete graphs are obtained. The influence of the parameters controlling the relative importance of pheromone trail versus visibility is also analyzed, and their choice is shown to have an impact on the expected runtime.     

改进蚁群算法在基于服务质量的Web服务组合优化中的应用

为了克服基础蚁群算法存在的前期搜索速度较慢、后期极易陷入局部最优解的缺点,提出初始信息素分布策略和局部优化策略;同时还提出了依赖解的质量的信息素更新依据,以增强算法过程中信息素的有效积累。将该改进蚁群算法应用于基于服务质量(QoS)的Web服务组合优化问题中,通过在数据集QWS2.0上的实验对改进蚁群算法的可用性和有效性进行了验证。结果表明改进的蚁群算法与基础蚁群算法、利用解与理想解距离更新信息素的改进蚁群算法以及用支配程度作为解的个体评价的改进遗传算法相比,能够找到更多的非劣解,寻优能力更优,表现出了较稳定的性能。     

一种新的基于logistic混沌映像的自适应混沌蚁群优化算法求解动态车辆路径问题

针对车辆路径问题(VRP),提出基于logistic函数的自适应混沌蚁群优化算法。利用混沌运动的遍历性、随机性和规律性特点,把具有强局部搜索能力的logistic映像融入到蚁群算法局部信息素更新中。屏蔽logis-tic映像断点区间,克服蚁群算法搜索时间过长、易于停滞的现象,提高算法准确度。选用VRP标准库实例进行的仿真实验表明,新算法能准确找到已知最优解,与其他算法的比较实验证明了该算法的有效性。