辐照对市售奶粉品质影响的研究

目的:分析不同剂量辐照对奶粉营养成分的影响。方法:对市售袋装奶粉进行不同剂量的60Coγ照射,辐照剂量分别为0、5、10、15、20kGy,分析了其中主要营养成分、微生物指标和感官指标的前后变化。结果:与对照组相比,5kGy和10kGy组辐照后主要营养成分和感官性状无明显改变,微生物指标大幅度下降:而15kGy和20kGy组辐照后营养成分有显著性改变,p＜0．05,微生物指标为0,感官性状无明显改变。结论:≤10kGy剂量辐照对奶粉营养素没有明显影响,微生物指标大幅度下降,从而延长了奶粉的保质期,增加了奶粉的食用安全性。     

电子束辐照对泥蚶杀菌保鲜效果的影响

目的：研究电子束辐照对泥蚶微生物数量及其感官质量的影响。方法：泥蚶经不同剂量电子束处理,测定辐照后及冷藏期间菌落总数、大肠菌群及其感官评分。结果：电子束辐照能有效地杀灭泥蚶中的微生物,经过0、1、3、5、7、9kGy 不同剂量处理,泥蚶的菌落总数逐步下降,当泥蚶的初始菌落总数为3.10 × 105CFU/g时, D10=3.12kGy;泥蚶的感官质量与辐照剂量有关,经过7、9kGy 剂量处理后样品产生令人不愉快的异味。结论：结合辐照后及冷藏期泥蚶的微生物和感官指标,泥蚶电子束冷杀菌的适宜剂量为3～5kGy,经3～5kGy 处理后,泥蚶的货架期由对照组的5d 延长至15～19d。     

辐照对峰甘板栗货架品质的影响

研究~(60)Co-γ射线辐照对真空包装峰甘板栗货架期指标的影响及其机制,初步确定延长货架期的最佳辐照剂量。通过~(60)Co-γ射线以0、0.5、1.0、3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0 kGy剂量辐照峰甘板栗,分别在贮存0、10、15、20、30 d时检测样品的微生物指标(菌落总数、霉菌及酵母数、大肠菌数、沙门氏菌数)、感官指标和理化指标。结果表明:辐照处理对峰甘板栗能够起到很好的杀菌作用;结合峰甘板栗感官品质评定及生理生化数据分析,辐照剂量为4.0 kGy时,可改善峰甘板栗感官质量并保持理化营养指标。初步认为,在4℃条件下,辐照剂量为4.0 kGy时,在微生物安全限量方面,使货架期延长至少20 d。     

不同剂量60Co γ辐照对蓝莓果实贮藏品质的影响

目的探索~(60)Coγ辐照处理对蓝莓果实保鲜效果的影响。方法采用不同的辐照剂量处理"蓝丰"蓝莓,以辐照的蓝莓为研究对象,研究其果实表面微生物的种类和数量、果实腐烂率和硬度、以及相关感官品质在冷藏期间的变化规律。结果辐照处理对蓝莓果实表面微生物有很好的杀灭和抑制作用,辐照剂量越高,效果越好,且微生物对辐照剂量的敏感程度依次为:细菌霉菌酵母菌。0.5 kGy的辐照处理对冷藏期间蓝莓果实保鲜效果不明显(P0.05),3.0 kGy的辐照处理能够加速冷藏后期蓝莓的腐烂变质,适当的辐照剂量(1.0~2.5 kGy)能够很好地降低腐烂率,保持果实硬度和保护果实感官品质,其中2.5 kGy辐照剂量对蓝莓果实的保鲜效果最佳,贮藏35 d后,果实腐烂率最低(3.35%),果实硬度最高(1.08 kg/cm~2)。结论辐照保鲜蓝莓的最低有效剂量为1.0 kGy,最高耐受剂量为2.5 kGy,本研究为蓝莓的辐照保鲜提供了应用基础和科学依据。     

辐照对蚕蛹贮藏期品质特性的影响

以真空包装的蚕蛹为材料,经0、3、6 kGy 60Co-γ射线辐照后,在4 ℃条件下贮藏0～60 d,研究不同辐照剂量和不同贮藏时间（0、30、60 d）条件下蚕蛹的感官指标与品质的变化。结果表明：1）辐照蚕蛹的色度值、酸值、脂肪含量、微生物数量显著降低,硬度、咀嚼性、过氧化值显著升高;感官评分、蛋白质含量和弹性无显著变化。2）在贮藏期间,辐照蚕蛹的色度值、微生物数量随辐照剂量的增加而降低;硬度、咀嚼性、脂肪含量随剂量的增加而增加;过氧化值增加的幅度低于对照,且辐照剂量较高的处理增加幅度较为缓慢;酸值无明显变化。3）6 kGy辐照对蚕蛹具有显著的杀菌效果。由此可见,辐照改善了蚕蛹的贮藏品质,杀菌效果显著,有利于延长蚕蛹的保鲜期。     

红曲米粉耐热、耐光性研究

研究了不同溶剂、光照条件和不同的存放温度对红曲米粉色价残留率的影响,得到了如下基本结论:(1)光照对红曲色素色价的作用比温度作用要大,且作用快、时间短。但光照的作用仅仅能对红曲的表面作用,内部影响不大。因而红曲米粉的避光保存是首选条件。(2)温度对红曲色素色价的作用随温度的升高逐渐增大,作用时间逐步变短。(3)不同的溶剂、不同的状态,温度、光照的影响都不一致,实验结果的色价稳定性规律为:粉状醇溶性水溶性。     

电子束辐照对新疆干果品质的影响及其最高耐受剂量的确定

目的 探究电子束辐照对4种新疆干果品质的影响,确定干果辐照工艺的最高耐受剂量。方法 采用0、2、4、6、8和10 kGy不同剂量电子束处理枸杞干、红枣干、无花果干、小白杏干,研究不同辐照剂量对水分、维生素C、总酸、总糖4种理化指标及色度、外观、风味、色泽和口感等5种感官品质的影响。结果 仅8 kGy辐照处理对枸杞干口感指标有不良影响,其他3种干果的感官指标几乎不受辐照处理的影响; 10 kGy以内的辐照处理对红枣干的品质无不良影响;无花果干的总酸含量在辐照剂量>6kGy时有所上升,维生素C含量在10 kGy处理时显著低于对照;辐照剂量≥6 kGy时,小白杏干维生素C含量显著降低。结论 通过对电子束辐照新疆干果的品质影响及最高耐受辐照剂量的研究,确定枸杞干、红枣干、无花果干和小白杏干的最高耐受剂量分别是8、10、6和6 kGy。为电子束辐照在新疆干果灭菌工艺中的应用提供了理论基础。     

辐照对发酵调味品杀菌效果及品质的影响

以4～10 kGy剂量60Coγ射线辐照处理黄豆酱、甜面酱、红腐乳、郫县豆瓣,研究辐照处理对其细菌总数、营养成分和感官品质的影响。结果显示,7～10 kGy剂量辐照可以有效杀灭调味品中的微生物,并且不影响其蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪等营养指标以及色泽、气味、滋味、体态等感官品质,辐照具有较好的应用推广前景。     

电子束辐照对沙拉酱微生物及品质的影响（网络首发、推荐阅读）

对市购沙拉酱用0、1、2 kGy不同剂量进行电子束辐照,研究电子束辐照对沙拉酱的杀菌效果及辐照后常温放置40 d后产品的微生物、色泽、质构、风味、稳定性等指标的变化,为沙拉酱物理冷杀菌的技术可行性和工艺设定提供技术参考依据。结果表明,电子束辐照对外源添加致病菌鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及沙拉酱自身菌落总数、霉菌和酵母有良好的杀灭效果,1 kGy电子束辐照可降低致病菌3~6个log,菌落总数、霉菌和酵母不再检出。室温放置40 d后,感官评价发现1 kGy电子束辐照对沙拉酱色泽、体态、香气、滋味无显著影响,电子鼻分析、质构参数及离心解析率也与未辐照处理无明显差别,但2 kGy电子束辐照的滋味评分显著低于未辐照处理和1 kGy辐照处理,质构参数与未辐照处理、1 kGy辐照处理差异显著。电子束辐照可有效控制沙拉酱中致病菌,1 kGy剂量处理对沙拉酱色泽、质构、风味、稳定性无明显影响,可用于沙拉酱杀菌保鲜。     

熟制对虾虾仁的辐照保鲜

对熟制对虾虾仁食品低剂量(1、3、6、9kGy)60Coγ辐照试验结果表明,低剂量辐照足以杀灭高污染的腐败菌、致病菌。其中枯草芽孢菌的辐照钝化系数大,对辐照较不敏感。辐照对于延长产品的货架期效果明显。辐照会引起产品一系列理化性质的变化,主要表现为会在一定程度上引起产品中的营养物质、风味物质、质构和色泽等发生变化。感官评定结果表明,6kGy以下剂量辐照样品的感官指标的变化可以为消费者所接受。     

低温肉制品辐照保鲜研究

研究了国内市场上销售的三大类11个品种低温肉制品的辐射灭菌效果,并对辐射低温肉制品的感官指标、理化指标和微生物指标进行了检测,结果表明:6KGy以上的γ射线可以有效杀灭低温肉制品中的微生物;辐照保鲜的低温肉制品的感官指标、主要营养成分与冷藏对照无明显差异,微生物指标优于冷藏。进行了商业化辐照试验,辐照产品的质量符合国家标准。     

Effect of Gamma-irradiation on Color, Pungency, and Volatiles of Korean Red Pepper Powder

ABSTRACT: Effect of gamma-irradiation on color, pungency, and volatiles of Korean red pepper powder ( Capsicum annuum L.) was investigated. Red pepper powder, vacuum-packaged in a polyethylene/polypropylene bag, was gamma-irradiated up to 7 kGy. An irradiation dose of 7 kGy reduced the population of mesophilic bacteria and fungi effectively without affecting major quality factors. Pungency of irradiated red pepper powder was not changed based on the amount of capsanoids by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the Scoville sensory score. The red color of irradiated pepper powder was not significantly different from that of the control, judged from the capsanthin content by HPLC and color assessment using spectrophotpmetric (American Spice Trade Assn. units) and colorimetric measurements (Hunter a values). Further, the sensory evaluation showed no significant difference in pungent odor and off-odor between nonirradiated control and irradiated red pepper powder. However, when headspace volatiles of gamma-irradiated red pepper powder were evaluated by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry with solid-phase microextraction and electronic nose with metal oxide sensors, the profiles of odor were classified into irradiated dose levels of 0, 3, 5, and 7 kGy by principal component analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. Such a difference of odor might result from the disappearance of some volatiles, such as hexanoic acid and tetramethyl-pyrazine, and the appearance of 1,3-di-tert-butylbenzene during irradiation. Moreover, it appears that the irradiation of packaging material induced a formation of 1,3-di-tertbutylbenzene, which migrated into the red pepper powder.     

红曲酸奶中乳酸菌变化情况研究

利用超声波浸提法提取红曲中的有效成分,将红曲水提取液与全脂奶粉混合发酵制成新型红曲酸奶。通过荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术跟踪发酵过程中乳酸菌含量的变化,结果表明：红曲酸奶中保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌数量显著高于普通酸奶。发酵2 h时,红曲酸奶中保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌菌体数量分别为普通酸奶的2.63和2.24倍;发酵5 h时,发酵接近终点,红曲酸奶中保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌菌体数量分别为普通酸奶的2.29和2.75倍。红曲酸奶的保藏期可达15 d,乳酸菌数符合国家标准的要求。     

Effect of Gamma-Irradiated Red Pepper Powder on the Chemical and Volatile Characteristics of Kakdugi, a Korean Traditional Fermented Radish Kimchi

The chemical and volatile characteristics of kakdugi batches prepared with irradiated red pepper powders were determined during fermentation for 7 wk at 5 °C. Acidities of kakdugies with irradiated red pepper powder (3, 5, and 7 kGy) were lower than that of kakdugi with nonirradiated control at 3 wk of fermentation, which indicated that the irradiated red pepper powder might delay the initial fermentation. Pungency and red color caused by capsanoids and capsanthin, respectively, were not altered by irradiated red pepper powder, whereas the fermentation decreased the capsanoid content. The headspace volatile compounds extracted by solid‐phase microextraction, except 2‐tricanone, were not significantly different in fresh made kakdugies with red pepper powder irradiated at dosed of 0, 3, 5, and 7 kGy; however, as fermentation progressed, the composition of volatiles was changed. A FOX 3000 electronic nose separated the odor of kakdugies with red pepper powder irradiated at 0, 3, 5, and 7 kGy into 4 different groups, and the odor patterns developed differently during fermentation.     

Quality of Electron Beam Irradiated Strawberries

Fresh ‘Tristar’ strawberries were treated by electron beam irradiation to determine the effects on postharvest quality attributes and shelf life. The intensity of red color rated by sensory panelists decreased as irradiation dosage increased from 0 to 2 kGy. Hunter ‘L’ values were higher for fruit treated with 2 kGy than for 0 and 0.5 kGy. Instron firmness values were lower for all irradiated fruit than for control fiuit. Panelists rated irradiated fruit less firm than nonirradiated fruit stored 1, 2 and 4 days. An increase in off-flavor was noted among all treatments stored 6 and 8 days. Irradiation suppressed fungi on stored berries. Irradiation doses of 1 and 2 kGy extended shelf life 2 and 4 days, respectively. Electron beam irradiation technology has excellent potential for extension of shelf life of fresh strawberry fruits.     

Radiation Disinfestation of California Stone Fruits Infested by Medfly—Effectiveness and Fruit Quality

The effectiveness of radiation disinfestation of California peaches, nectarines and plums infested by Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata) and the effects of gamma-radiation up to 1 kGy (100 krad) on the sensory qualities of these fruits were studied. Medfly eggs in infested peaches and nectarines treated at 0.4–0.5 kGy (40–50 krad) in a Cobalt-60 irradiator did not hatch. Results in irradiated plums were inconclusive. Results of triangle tests with a taste panel of 15–20 show no differences in sensory qualities between plum and nectarine samples irradiated at 0.3 kGy and their controls. Some differences were detected between irradiated samples and controls: color and flavor of peaches at 0.3 kGy; color of plums and peaches 0.5 kGy; aroma of peaches and texture of plums at 0.5 kGy. At 1 kGy, differences were found in the texture of plums, nectarines, and peaches, and color and flavor of nectarines. Better control of harvesting, shipping and handling would help retain the qualities of these irradiated fruits.     

不同来源红曲米多酚类化合物和抗氧化活性的聚类分析

为了研究不同红曲米样品抗氧化性差异,考察了10种红曲米样品中总多酚和总黄酮含量与DPPH、ABTS自由基清除力,并进一步分析了多酚类化合物的种类和含量。结果表明,红曲米总多酚和总黄酮含量与其DPPH和ABTS自由基清除力呈显著的正相关性(P＜0.01);其中广东红曲的总多酚、总黄酮含量和抗氧化性的指标最高,其次为福建红曲,浙江红曲最低。同时多酚类化合物的种类及含量在不同的红曲米样品间差异较大,以多酚类化合物种类和含量作为区分依据,10种红曲米样品被分为4组,呈现产地聚集。表明红曲米样品中多酚类化合物的种类和含量受产地来源的影响较大。     

红曲在液态深层发酵酿醋中的应用

该文论述了红曲在液态深层发酵食醋生产中的应用。对于此工艺的操作要点、方法及生产试验的效果做了介绍。结果表明,红曲能提高食醋对光和氧的稳定,能产生多种酶类使食醋口感柔和,香味浓郁,色泽红润,并能抑制肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌生长。     

糙米酵素红曲酒的小鼠口服毒理学安全性评价

目的:研究糙米酵素红曲酒的引用安全性.方法:依据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》,对糙米酵素红曲酒进行了急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、Ames试验、小鼠30d喂养试验.结果:糙米酵素红曲酒对雌雄小鼠的急性经口的最大耐受剂量(MTD)均大于20g/kg体重;小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、Ames试验均为阴性;小鼠30d喂养试验中,试验动物生长情况良好,体重检查、血清检查、脏体比结果与对照组相比,均无明显差异.结论:糙米酵素红曲酒属实际无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性,初步估计其未观察到损害作用的剂量(NOAEL)为20g/kg体重.