织物层热湿传递过程仿真研究

对服装织物层基本几何单元内空气层与纱线热湿传递机理模型进行了数值模拟分析，建立了空气层与纱线交界处的热湿传递动态过程，通过计算机仿真分析了织物内纱线、空气层的温度场和湿度场，并探讨了纱线材料特性、织物的组织结构对织物层热湿传递过程的影响规律。     

形状记忆材料在功能防护服中的应用

为提高防护服的防护性能,平衡功能性需求和舒适性要求之间的关系,将形状记忆材料合理有效地应用于防护服装领域,从而动态地改变衣间空气层,实现防护服防护性能的动态调节。回顾了国内外形状记忆材料的相关研究,总结了现阶段形状记忆材料在功能纺织品服装中的应用现状,重点从形状记忆材料在热防护服和防寒服中的应用剖析了当前研究中的缺陷,从空气层厚度、热源、服装、形状记忆材料的数量和分布以及生理舒适性等方面凝练了形状记忆材料在防护服中的进一步应用方向,并从人体-服装-环境系统角度展望了具有形状记忆材料结构的防护服的发展趋势。     

风速与步速对服装表面空气层热阻的影响

从服装舒适性角度出发,以服装热舒适性的研究为入口,着重分析风速与步速对服装表面空气层热阻的影响,给出服装的热阻与风速及步速的关系公式。在设定的环境条件下,通过人体假人进行测试,验证公式的预测性和实用性,并找出裸态人体表面空气层热阻和着装后服装表面空气层热阻之间的差异。服装的热阻,以服装的表面为分界线,分为基本热阻与着装人体服装外表面边界空气层的热阻。实验结果表明：风速、行走速度会使服装外表面空气层的热阻减小。     

服装衣下空气层热传递性能研究进展

为探究衣下空气层对于服装系统热传递性能的影响,文章介绍了衣下空气层的热传递机制,概括了三种衣下空气层对于服装隔热性能影响的研究方法,即热平板测试、假人测试和数值模拟,论述了各研究方法的优点与不足。根据研究方法,从厚度、体积、位置、方向、非均匀形态和运动状态六方面分析了衣下空气层对服装热传递性能的影响。基于目前研究现状,针对研究方法和研究内容的不足提出两点展望,即研究非均匀衣下空气层对于服装系统热传递的影响,发展厚重服装和多层服装的衣下空气层的测量方法。     

织物层热湿传递过程仿真研究

对服装织物层基本几何单元内空气层与纱线热湿传递机理模型进行了数值模拟分析 ,建立了空气层与纱线交界处的热湿传递动态过程 ,通过计算机仿真分析了织物内纱线、空气层的温度场和湿度场 ,并探讨了纱线材料特性、织物的组织结构对织物层热湿传递过程的影响规律     

衣下空气层对透气型防护服热阻和湿阻的影响

为确定适宜的服装宽松量,提升透气型核生化(NBC)防护服的热湿舒适性,设计了穿着实验。在温、湿度可控制的气候室内,借助出汗暖体假人和三维扫描技术,观察常温、静止状态下5套不同松量服装的热湿传递性能,探讨衣下空气层对NBC防护服热阻和湿阻的影响。研究结果表明:衣下空气层体积与平均厚度的增量变化相似,不同松量服装的衣下空气层对服装总热阻和总湿阻有显著影响;随着透气型NBC防护服松量的增大,服装总热阻随着衣下空气层的增加呈现先增后减的变化趋势,服装总湿阻随着衣下空气层的增加呈现逐渐增大的变化趋势。     

多孔式通风服衣下空气层的定量研究

为研究服装开口方式和风扇风速对通风服衣下空气层的体积、厚度及分布的影响,采用三维扫描法得到人体和服装的几何模型,通过逆向工程软件Geomagic Control对模型进行处理,分析不同条件下空气层厚度和体积的差异,以及空气层的分布规律.结果表明:风扇风速对平均空气层厚度的影响比开口方式更明显;风扇风速对整体和局部空气层...     

基于专利分析方法的服装气悬浮保暖技术发展趋势的研究

棉花和羽绒等常规保暖材料的保暖性能主要由其内部中空结构形成的空气层实现，采用气体代替保暖服装所填充的羽绒或棉花，在提高服装保暖性能方面具有重要意义。文章基于专利分析方法，通过对气悬浮保暖技术进行全球专利的检索，对专利的申请时间、申请人、申请类型、保护区域、法律状态，以及专利重点研发技术进行分析，研究服装气悬浮保暖技术的发展趋势。     

燃烧假人衣下空气层的三维现场扫描测量与表征

为准确获取燃烧假人测试中防火服热暴露前后衣下空气层厚度及其分布,提出一种基于三维现场扫描的测量和表征方法。利用Kinect深度相机,通过在燃烧假人室内构建扫描平台,现场获得假人裸体及着装状态点云数据;基于Geomagic逆向工程软件进行三维建模、对齐和比较,并通过实现假人表面传感器在三维空间的准确定位,快速有效地表征衣下空气层厚度及分布。经验证发现:即使是相同的服装每次穿着后衣下空气层分布也存在较大差异;背部区域热暴露前后空气层厚度平均变异系数分别达到46%、35%。结果表明,以往异地扫描获得的数据难以准确反映燃烧测试时的真实状态,现场扫描更有利于准确分析因服装材料、规格、高温收缩等因素导致的衣下空气层变化对热防护性能的影响。     

休闲服装设计中材料应用的探索——以空气层面料为例

本文主要内容是探索空气层面料在休闲服装设计上应用的多种可能性,突出空气层面料的特性,可塑性效果和二次改造的多种手法,以及如何在休闲服装设计上完美体现。通过毕业设计作品进行具体的艺术形态及基本特点分析阐述,以及解析在应用过程中所遇到的问题和解决方法,进一步阐述空气层面料与休闲服装的关系。全文共分为两个部分。第一部分空气层面料的应用分析从空气层面料成为潮流的原因和空气层面料的特殊性能方面进行概括。第二部分空气层面料在休闲服装上的实践应用—《魅影》系列服装主要从毕业设计的具体操作进行具体探索。     

The laboratory investigation of the clothing microclimatic layers in accordance with the volume quantification and qualification

Some of the researches expressed connection between the numbers and size of the microclimatic air layers on thermal insulation of clothing. The insulation of the ensembles is much affected by the air enclosed between the clothing layers. In loose fitting clothing, they are less subjected to compression and thus add more to the overall thermal insulation. The heat and the moisture are released from the body into the microclimatic layers, subsequently changing properties of the entrapped air. The volume of the microclimatic air layers was investigated by the use of non-contact 3D CAD method. The temperature and humidity changes of microclimatic layers were also observed. This paper represents layer by layer quantification of the clothing ensemble volume with jackets as covering garment and the impact of the microclimatic volume on the clothing insulation. The three-level laboratory testing was performed with human subjects dressed in selected ensembles.     

Study on heat transmission through multilayer clothing assemblies under different convective modes

The present work reports a detailed study on dry thermal resistance of multilayered clothing assemblies under different modes of heat transmission (i.e. non-convective mode, natural convection and forced convection). A series of multilayered fabric assemblies have been created with different combinations of fabric layers (like plain woven, nonwoven wadding, warp-knitted spacer fabric, weft-knitted breathable coated and weft-knitted aluminium coated) and air gaps of different thicknesses between fabric layers. Significant impacts of thickness of air gaps and mode of heat transmission on thermal resistance of multilayered clothing assemblies have been observed. The thermal resistance of the fabric assemblies increases with the increase in the thickness of air gap in between fabric layers. The thermal resistance of all the fabric assemblies at any given air layer thickness is highest under non-convective mode of heat transmission, followed by natural convection mode and the forced convection mode shows least thermal resistance. Incorporation of coated fabric in the outer layer reduces the effect of forced convection. ANOVA has been prepared and F value has been calculated to find the effect of modes of convection, type of fabric and thickness of air layer on thermal transmission properties. The results obtained from this detailed study will help in designing multilayered clothing assemblies suitable for different climatic conditions.     

衣下空气层厚度对着装人体热传递的影响

位于人体皮肤与服装内表面之间的空气层是着装人体向外环境传热的重要途径。通过在人工气候室中重构热平板仪,测量了不同衣下空气层厚度时的面料表面温度,研究空气层厚度与面料表面温度之间的相互关系。建立了模拟显热量从皮肤表面经过衣下空气层、面料层向外环境传递的数学模型,分析衣下空气层厚度及环境条件对着装人体热传递的影响。实验及模拟结果表明,衣表温度随着衣下空气层厚度的增加而下降,但当空气层厚度达到16 mm时,自然对流的出现加大了皮肤向面料内表面的传热量,导致衣表温度升高。环境温度及风速与衣下空气层组合起来,共同影响人体通过服装系统向环境的散热量。     

充气防寒服的保暖性能

为维持户外活动人体热舒适性,研发一种保暖性能可调的防寒服装,以满足人体在不同活动量或环境温度变化情况下对服装保暖性能的需求,评价了一件充气服装的保暖性能,通过“Newton”出汗暖体假人实验测试了充气服装在4种充气量和3种风速下的上身总热阻和局部热阻。实验结果表明:充气状态下胸部、腹部和背部的局部热阻以及上身总热阻显著大于未充气状态,但是充气量之间没有明显差异;充气服装局部热阻和上身总热阻均随着风速的增加显著降低,不同充气量之间也没有显著差异。研究表明,充气服装在一定程度上可以作为一种有效的手段动态调节服装的保暖性。     

Heat transfer properties of the numerical human body simulated from the thermal manikin

This paper seeks to predict the heat transfer properties of the numerical manikin. It also aims to establish a simplified clothing model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict the temperature in air layers between thermal manikin and clothing under different environments. The field experiments of naked or clothed thermal manikin were conducted in a climatic chamber. The CFD method was employed to build a naked or clothed numerical manikin to simulate the field experiment. The distribution of temperature and the velocity field around the naked human body and heat transfer coefficients was simulated in the optimized numerical climate chamber with a temperature of 20°C and velocity of 0.05?m/s. The temperature in air layers entrapped in clothing on the torso of manikin was also predicted under the same environmental condition. The CFD results showed good agreement with that of the naked or the dressed thermal manikin experiment. It demonstrated that CFD could properly predict the heat transfer properties of indoor human and temperature distribution in the air layer between human body and clothing.     

开放/封闭空气层对阻燃织物热防护性能的影响

为探究衣下空气层间的传热方式对阻燃织物外观性能和阻燃织物系统传热机制的影响,基于热防护性能(TPP) 实验装置,构建开放式和封闭式空气层以模拟实际着装时“服装-人体皮肤”的空间关系。利用彩色图像处理方法对比热暴露前后的织物外观和热收缩情况,从能量传递、TPP值和二级烧伤时间角度评估“织物-空气层”系统的传热特性和热防护性能。结果表明:空气层的介入会降低热传递效率,进而提升阻燃织物的热防护性能,但会加速织物老化,加剧织物热收缩;当打开空气层与周围环境热量交换的通路时,空气层间热量的流动路径变复杂,且织物的热防护性能进一步提升。     

降低C82DA胎圈钢丝用盘条脱碳层深度的研究

为使φ5.5 mm C82DA胎圈钢丝用盘条的脱碳层深度不大于0.03 mm的比例由78%提高到85%以上,对影响盘条脱碳层深度的因素进行分析研究。提出控制措施:加热Ⅰ段温度由1 030～1 070℃设置为1 040～1 060℃,均热段温度由1 090～1 130℃设置为1 100～1 120℃,浮动范围都由40℃缩小为20℃;钢坯待轧时,加热Ⅰ段温度由1 040～1 060℃降低为1 010～1 030℃,均热段温度由1 100～1 120℃控制为1 050～1 070℃,控制空燃比不大于1.82,炉压控制在6～8 Pa。采取控制措施后,盘条脱碳层深度不大于0.03 mm的比例由原来的78%提高到89%,提升了盘条质量,更好地满足了用户要求。     

Evaluation and improvement of thermo-physiological comfort properties of firefighters’ protective clothing containing super absorbent materials

In this research, super absorbent materials were incorporated into the internal layer of the firefighters’ protective clothing with the aim of increasing absorption of sweat to improve the thermo-physiological comfort properties. The performance properties were evaluated following the standard test methods (ISO 6942:2002 and ISO 9151: 1995(E)) and the thermo-physiological comfort-related properties were evaluated by measuring the transport properties such as air permeability, water sorption and evaporation, thermal resistance and water vapour resistance of the fabric assemblies with super absorbent materials. The results indicated that it is possible to improve the comfort properties of the protective clothing by the incorporation of super absorbent materials into the internal layer. The use of super absorbent materials is likely to help in the absorption of sweat in higher amount and keeping the skin and internal microclimate dry, which in turn improves the comfort level. The performance properties of all the combinations satisfied the requirements for firefighter’s clothing as mentioned in AS/NZS 4967-2009.     

针织运动服的通风设计与热湿舒适性评价

为研究通风孔和通风道设计对人体运动热生理及主观舒适感的影响,采用针织挑洞工艺与凸条工艺设计了2款运动服,在人工气候舱中进行着装人体实验,评价所研发运动服对人体皮肤温度、衣下湿度、汗液蒸发率等客观生理指标,以及主观热感觉、湿感觉、黏体感、舒适感的影响。结果表明:具有通风孔设计的服装能显著增加人体汗液蒸发,降低衣下湿度,同时受试者的主观热、湿、黏体及不舒适感也显著下降;在通风孔基础上进一步增加通风道设计的服装,由于衣下空气层厚度的增大,使得服装的热阻也增加,未能起到进一步改善人体热生理及舒适感的作用;在运动服的设计中,应当在控制服装热阻的前提下尽量提高通风性能。