贾卡经编织物多纹理区域分割技术

为快速准确地得到贾卡经编织物花型图案,提出一种基于小波多尺度分层、马尔科夫随机场建模和贝叶斯最优准则分割理论的贾卡经编织物图像多纹理区域分割技术.首先通过小波变换将贾卡织物图像作多尺度分解等预处理,其次结合马尔科夫随机场理论,运用有限高斯混合算法构建图像灰度场分布模型,采用尺度逻辑算法构建标号场先验模型,最后在贝叶斯理...     

经编贾卡织物纹理分割与轮廓提取技术

为进一步提高经编贾卡织物智能分析水平与设计技术,提出一种基于小波变换和Canny算子的贾卡织物纹理分割和轮廓提取算法.该算法首先采用具有局部定域能力和多分辨率能力的小波变换作为分析工具,将织物图像中的低频部分作递归金字塔结构分解;然后从分解后的最大尺度水平开始,逐层图像聚类,并融入下一尺度水平上的高频信息实现纹理的重构...     

带地网贾卡经编针织物花纹图案的自动识别

带网孔效应的贾卡经编针织物花纹图案曲线复杂,导致织物意匠图的设计耗时费力,为简化这一设计过程,提出一种针对该类贾卡经编针织物花纹图案的自动识别方法。在扫描获取织物图像并预处理后,综合运用Laws纹理能量测量、迭代阈值分割、边缘光滑算法,自动获得织物花纹图案,进而生成意匠图。测试结果表明,这种方法能够有效地去除织物中网孔为图像识别带来的噪音,快速、准确地完成对所需花纹图案的自动识别,生成设计意匠图。识别准确率可达到90%,对于提高该类织物的设计效率具有实用价值。     

基于小波域多尺度Markov随机场的织物印花图案分割

织物印花图案的分割是纺织印染工艺中一个非常重要的过程,为了提高纺织印花图案的分色精度,本文采用小波域的多尺度Markov随机场模型实现了织物印花图案的分割。该方法首先对图像进行预处理,然后对图像进行小波“金字塔”分解,在每一尺度的分割过程中利用了各尺度上的有关信息:特征场建模通过描述小波系数之间的相关性反映每一像素位置的特征属性,标记场建模通过考虑邻域标记间的相互作用反映图像分割的区域性。两种随机场建模以联合概率乘积的形式相互约束,共同作用于该尺度的分割过程。在分割过程中,从最低分辨率尺度到原始分辨率尺度逐次进行图像分割,低分辨率尺度的分割结果通过直接投影作为相邻的更高分辨率尺度的初始分割,最高分辨率尺度上的分割结果作为本文方法的分割结果。     

浮纹型贾卡经编针织物的计算机仿真

为对浮纹型贾卡经编针织物的外观效果进行预测,通过分析浮纹型贾卡经编针织物的结构特征,提出采用设计意匠图和WB意匠图相结合的意匠设计模型对该类织物进行设计与仿真,并在此基础上建立线圈结构模型,确定线圈中控制点的数目和位置并以线段方式来描绘线圈形态.重点对浮纹织物中因衬纬贾卡和压纱贾卡纱线张力导致的线圈横向位移做了理论分析...     

贾卡经编针织物的分析与应用

针对织物分析中贾卡效应层次分割费时繁琐的问题,将图像分割技术应用于贾卡花型设计。文章叙述了阈值分割及仿真方法和实际应用,介绍了贾卡针织物分析设计流程。该方法对由两种组织区域组成的贾卡针织物特别适用,可以快速、准确得到织物花型图,使花型设计过程大大简化,提高设计效率和精度。     

阈值分割在贾卡经编针织物分析中的应用

针对织物分析中贾卡效应层次分割费时繁琐的问题,将图像分割技术应用于贾卡花型设计.文章叙述了阈值分割及边缘光滑算法思想,介绍了贾卡针织物分析设计流程.该方法对由两种组织区域组成的贾卡针织物特别适用,可以快速、准确得到织物花型图,使花型设计过程大大简化,提高设计效率和精度.     

贾卡经编针织物仿真方法研究

文章详细研究了经编针织物线圈结构的模型,在此基础上结合贾卡经编针织物的结构特点,提出了贾卡经编针织物的仿真方法,为贾卡经编针织物的计算机辅助花型设计与三维仿真提供了行之有效的方法.     

贾卡经编针织物的计算机仿真

针对贾卡经编针织物的结构特征,提出这类织物的意匠设计模型,在此基础上对这类织物的线圈结构进行分析。以成圈结构为例建立贾卡织物的理论线圈结构模型,确定线圈中控制点的数目和位置,并分情况以线段和样条曲线2种方式来描绘线圈形态。重点对贾卡织物中线圈的位移和形变作了理论分析,并提出完善的实际线圈结构模型。仿真过程不但考虑意匠信息、梳栉垫纱规律等引起的纱线张力变化,还要全面考虑纱线粗细、颜色和材质等,仿真效果较好。     

基于双树复小波的经编贾卡织物花纹提取

为了快速高效地将经编贾卡织物花纹图案自动提取出来,提高花纹设计效率,提出了一种将双树复小波变换和能量矩阵相结合进行织物纹理特征的提取方法。选用颜色和纹理特征构成特征向量数据集,在此基础上,采用高斯混合模型(GMM)对贾卡经编织物花纹图案进行聚类分析,采用EM算法进行参数估计,从而获得每个高斯模型参数,对每个特征向量在不同高斯分布下的概率进行排序,根据后验概率排序大小对图像进行标注,从而提取图案。验证试验结果表明:该方法能有效地将完整的花纹提取出来,准确度高、速度快,具有一定的实用价值。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the