十二烷基苄基三甲基氯化铵

十二烷基苄基三甲氯化铵，是一种季铵盐型的阳离子表面活性剂。它具有杀菌，抑菌作用，丰富的泡沫，良好的洗涤性能，又有抗静电，柔软等功效。     

十二烷基三甲基氯化铵的催化合成研究

采用高压釜反应器,以十二烷基二甲基叔胺（以下简称“12叔胺”）和一氯甲烷为原料,研究了12叔胺和一氯甲烷的最佳摩尔比。并在不同反应温度和反应时间条件下,以碳酸钠、硼氢化钠和氢氧化钠等为催化剂,对比合成十二烷基三甲基氯化铵（以下简称“1231”）的叔胺转化率和产品色泽。得到了叔胺转化率和产品色泽与反应时间和反应温度的关系曲线。结果表明：当原料摩尔比n(一氯甲烷)︰n(12叔胺)=1.02︰1时,以碳酸钠为催化剂,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为4 h,得到产品的色泽和和叔胺转化率最佳,色泽小于20 Hazen,叔胺转化率达99.5%,游离胺相对阳离子活性物的质量分数小于0.3%。     

十二烷基三甲基氯化铵/纳米凹土悬浮体系流变学行为研究

将十二烷基三甲基氯化铵添加到纳米凹土水悬浮液体系,研究其对流变性的影响,考察因素为固含量、分散剂量和离子强度。当体系中未添加十二烷基三甲基氯化铵时,流变曲线为牛顿型流体,随着分散剂的添加,流变学行为符合塑性流体特征。剪切速率一定时,悬浮液的黏度随着分散剂的增加而变大。当离子强度达到0.20mol/L,悬浮液的流变曲线为牛顿型流体,体系黏度不随剪切速率的增加而变化。     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠与十二烷基三甲基氯化铵的复配性能

研究了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠(AEC-9)与十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(1231)复配体系的表面性能、稳定性、泡沫性能和润湿性能.结果表明:复配体系具有很好的稳定性,在形成胶束的能力及降低表面张力的能力方面相对单一组分均有显著提高;当n(AEC-9):n(1231)=1:1时协同增效作用最为明显,其γcmc(27.0 Mn/m)和cmc(0.140 mmol/L)要明显低于单一组分AEC-9(35.5 Mn/m,0.196 mmol/L)和1231(37.0 Mn/m,8.77 mmol/L),起泡力(425 Ml)、稳泡性(0.99)和润湿性(1.2 min)均显著优于单一组分AEC-9(355 Ml,0.89,17.2 min)和1231(365 Ml,0.90,21.0 min).     

醇对十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵表面活性的影响

本文研究了各类醇对十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵表面活性的影响。结果表明，一元醇能提高ＤＢＭＡ的表面活性，二元醇使ＤＢＭＡ的表面活性略有下降。     

十八烷基三甲基氯化铵在橘园土壤中的残留消解动态

对2%绿清灵可溶粉剂的有效成分十八烷基三甲基氯化铵在橘园土壤中的残留进行连续采样分析,测定其动态残留量并分析其消解状况.通过间接光度色谱法进行分析测定,结果表明:十八烷基三甲基氯化铵在橘园土壤中消解较快,消解半衰期为3.08～4.49 d,消解速率符合一级动力学方程.     

环氧丙基二甲基十二烷基氯化铵的合成研究

采用环氧氯丙烷和十二烷基二甲基胺为原料,合成了环氧丙基十二烷基二甲基氯化铵。考察了反应溶剂的种类、溶剂的用量、反应物配比、反应温度、反应时间等反应条件对反应的影响;选用合适的催化剂,以提高产物的环氧值。并用红外光谱对产物结构进行了表征。结果表明,在环氧氯丙烷和十二烷基二甲基叔胺的物质的量之比为4.29:1,催化剂在反应体系中的质量分数为0.65%,20℃下反应4h,所得产物环氧值达到70.21%。     

十八烷基三甲基氯化铵对稻瘟病菌的生物活性及作用机理

十八烷基三甲基氯化铵对水稻稻瘟病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发有很好的抑制效果,对水稻稻瘟病兼有预防和治疗作用.田间药效试验表明,12%十八烷基三甲基氯化铵的商品制剂对水稻的叶瘟和穗颈瘟田间防治效果好,且对水稻安全.研究表明,十八烷基三甲基氯化铵能使水稻幼苗体内的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性迅速提高.     

Surface modification of high calcium fly ash for its application in oil spill clean up

The present study aims at utilising an inorganic industrial by-product, high calcium fly ash (HCFA), in an environmental field: oil spill clean up. Properties, such as fine particle size, floating ability, hydrophobic character and porosity, make this material attractive for such a use. In order to investigate the oil sorption behaviour of HCFA an oil spill has been simulated, by using artificial ocean water and three types of oil (heating oil (HO), light cycle oil (LCO) and Iranian light crude oil (ILCO)). Two HCFA samples, a Ca-rich one (AD) and a Si-rich one (M), have been examined, so as to investigate the role of HCFA composition in its behaviour. The addition of HCFA to an oil spill results in the formation of a semi-solid oil–HCFA phase, allowing the quite total removal of oil from the water surface. HCFA’s oil sorption capacity in dry environment after 24 h is 0.7–0.9 g oil/g HCFA for AD and 0.5–0.6 g oil/g HCFA for M. HCFA’s behaviour, when added to an oil spill, necessitates the amelioration of its floating ability and affinity for oil and to this direction its hydrothermal treatment in an aqueous solution of sodium oleate (SO) under several conditions (time, temperature, HCFA:SO mass ratio, SO solution concentration, solution:HCFA ratio) has been applied. The treatment of the calcareous HCFA (AD) at 25 °C at a mass ratio HCFA:SO = 1:0.004 results in the formation of a cohesive semi-solid oil–HCFA phase, allowing the total removal of oil from the water surface, while the siliceous HCFA (M) requires a greater amount of SO (HCFA:SO = 1:0.5). The oil sorption behaviour of both HCFA and SO-modified HCFA seems to be related to the initial CaO content. During the treatment with SO, CaO is converted to calcite and calcium oleate, which contributes to the improvement of HCFA’s floating ability, due to its greater affinity for oil.     

Evaluating recyclability of fly ash reinforced polyvinyl chloride foams

Using fly ash as a reinforcing filler can be very cost effective; however, the recycling of postconsumer products containing fly ash is of a considerable concern. In this study, the recycling of processed polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam reinforced with fly ash was investigated by evaluating the effect of regrind content (up to 40 wt%) and fly ash content (up to 20 wt%) on the physical, mechanical, microstructural, and processing properties of the composites. Experimental results show an increase in the foam density with increasing regrind and fly ash contents. The melt viscosity increased with increasing the regrind concentration; however, it dropped with increasing the fly ash content. The tensile strength increased with increasing the regrind content, indicating a good degree of gelation in the composites. Meanwhile, the charpy impact strength of the composites decreased due to the high rigidity of fly ash particles. Dynamic mechanical analysis show that the storage modulus improved with both the addition and increasing the amount of regrind, which confirmed good stress transformation between the polymer foam matrix and the fly ash particles. The polymer matrix morphology, as was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirmed uniform foam structure even with the addition of 40 wt% regrind in the virgin PVC. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:154–161, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Surface modification of polyvinyl chloride with biodegradable monomers

Graft copolymerization of sucrose acrylate (SA) onto 55 μm films of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was investigated with benzophenone or 2,2′-azoisobutironitrile as the initiator. The grafting reactions were carried out in a closed cell containing the films to be treated with a solution of the sensitizer and the monomer. In this system, ultraviolet light through a quartz window initiated the reaction by exciting the initiator used. The grafting took place on a PVC surface layer, from the solution. The homopolymer formed during copolymerization was removed by washing. The percentage of grafting was determined by gravimetric measurements and by dye adsorption (crystal violet), and the characterization of PVC(g)SA was carried out by the use of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis. The weathering behavior of PVC(g)SA was studied with microorganisms in a growing medium, and the degradation was monitored by the weight loss of the films, FTIR, and SEM. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1195–1201, 1997     

聚乳酸纤维的脂肪酶表面改性处理

采用脂肪酶Lipex100L和L3126对聚乳酸(PLA)纤维进行表面处理。研究了PLA纤维处理液的pH值及紫外吸光度的变化,以及处理后PLA纤维染色性能和表面形态的变化。结果表明:脂肪酶Lipex100L和L3126均能对PLA纤维产生水解作用,L3126的水解效果优于Lipex100L;脂肪酶处理后PLA纤维经活性染料和阳离子染料染色,其表观深度较处理前明显提高;扫描电镜观察分析表明脂肪酶对PLA纤维表面产生了刻蚀作用。     

高锰酸钾对芳纶的表面改性研究

利用高锰酸钾在强酸性条件下具有氧化性的特性对芳纶进行表面改性,采用正交实验探讨了硫酸浓度、高锰酸钾含量、处理温度和处理时间对芳纶力学性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜和生物显微镜观察处理前后芳纶的表面形貌。结果表明:最优工艺为硫酸质量分数10%,高锰酸钾浓度5g/L,处理温度为30℃,处理时间35min。改性后的芳纶强度损失不大,表面产生线状刻蚀,粗糙度提高。     

粉煤灰改性及其吸附应用研究进展

从物理改性(机械磨细改性和高温改性、微波改性、超声波改性)、化学改性(酸改性、碱改性、盐改性)和联合改性三个方面,介绍了近年来国内外对粉煤灰进行改性研究的各种方法,指出了粉煤灰改性及应用中需进一步解决的问题,为其未来的研究方向提出了展望。     

粉煤灰改性及其吸附应用研究进展

从物理改性(机械磨细改性和高温改性、微波改性、超声波改性)、化学改性(酸改性、碱改性、盐改性)和联合改性三个方面,介绍了近年来国内外对粉煤灰进行改性研究的各种方法,指出了粉煤灰改性及应用中需进一步解决的问题,为其未来的研究方向提出了展望。     

用粉煤灰制备聚硅酸氯化铝铁絮凝剂的研究

对聚硅酸氯化铝铁(PSAFC)絮凝剂的制备及其方法优化进行了实验研究.考察了粉煤灰中有效成分的最佳溶出方案,通过实验确定了制备PSAFC的最佳摩尔比(n(Al+Fe)/n(Si))、最佳的活化pH值以及活化时间.在实验中发现,硅酸活化问题是复合絮凝剂制备的关键.结果表明:复合絮凝剂PSiFAC的絮凝效果好,矾花大且沉降...     

氧气低温等离子体对PBO纤维的表面改性

采用氧气低温等离子体对聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑(PBO)纤维进行表面改性,讨论了处理时间、处理功率及气压对PBO纤维单丝强度、与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度(π_(IFSS))、形态结构、表面元素组成和亲水性的影响。结果表明:在处理时间为2.5 min,处理功率为30 W,处理气压为50 Pa的最佳工艺条件下,经氧气等离子处理后的PBO纤维与环氧树脂的π_(IFSS)比原丝提高60%,达9.38 MPa,与水的接触角也从105°下降到72°。     

Effect of surface modification of fly ash reinforced in polyetheretherketone composites

Fly ash reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites were fabricated using compression molding technique. The fly ash surface was chemically modified using vinyltrimethoxy silane and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxy silane. The properties of treated fly ash PEEK composites were examined in terms of scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermo gravimetric analysis. The modified fly ash was observed to disperse more uniformly than the unmodified counterpart. The tensile strength and modulus also improved with treated fly ash filled PEEK composites. The increment of the dynamic modulus for the PEEK/treated fly ash composites is 32% at 250°C, indicating apparent improvement of high temperature mechanical properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.