空间生命支持系统中VCCR子系统的安全性验证

基于动态微分逻辑的混成系统形式化验证理论,分析空间生命支持系统的一个子系统VCCR(Variable Configuration Carbon Dioxide Removal)的安全性。将VCCR系统基于混成程序建模,并给定需验证的安全性性质,使用KeYmaera混成系统形式化验证工具进行验证,证明了空间生命支持系统中VCCR子系统的安全性。     

穿刺机器人运动安全性的形式化分析与建模

混成系统是实时嵌入式系统的重要子类,其行为中存在连续变化和离散跳转混杂的情况,使得混成系统行为复杂,安全性难以掌握。近年来,混成系统在医疗环境中得到越来越广泛的应用。其中,医疗机器人的穿刺运动控制系统呈现高度复杂的混成性,如果机器人在穿刺过程中失控将导致不可挽回的严重后果。因此穿刺机器人运动行为的安全性设计成为了亟需解决的问题。首先根据穿刺机器人的运动学设计,将机器人的复杂运动分解。然后基于微分动态逻辑理论从混成系统的角度出发对穿刺机器人的运动控制系统进行了形式化建模与分析,并使用证明工具KeYmaera归纳出微分不变式,获得了控制模型的参数约束。最后提出了针对机器人运动到某一靶目标区域这类运动学问题的一般性验证模型。     

一种基于微分代数动态逻辑的CPS建模与验证方法

随着CPS在工业控制、智能交通、智能医疗等领域的广泛应用,安全性已成为目前CPS理论和应用研究的核心问题.提出了一种基于微分代数动态逻辑的CPS安全性验证方法,该方法首先把HybridUML模型转换成微分代数程序,然后使用微分代数动态逻辑对系统安全性进行规约,最后依据微分代数动态逻辑推理规则对CPS进行安全性验证.通过对飞机空中避撞系统的实例研究,表明该方法能够有效地验证避撞策略的正确性,从而保证避撞系统的安全性.     

混成系统形式化验证

混成系统是实时嵌入式系统的一种重要子类,其行为中广泛存在离散控制逻辑跳转与连续实时行为交织混杂的情况,因此行为复杂,难以掌握与控制.由于此类系统广泛出现在工控、国防、交通等与国计民生密切相关的安全攸关的领域,因此,如何对相关系统进行有效的分析与理解,从而保障系统安全运营,是一项具有重要意义的工作.常规的系统安全性分析手段,如测试、仿真等仅能在一定输入的情况下运行系统来观测系统行为,无法穷尽地检测复杂混成系统在所有可能输入下的行为,因此并不足以保证系统的安全性.区别于测试等方法,形式化方法通过求解系统模型状态取值范围等方法来确认系统模型中一定不会出现相关错误.因此,其对于保障安全攸关混成系统的安全性具有十分重要的意义.形式化方法由形式化规约与形式化验证两个方面构成.因此从以上两个角度分别对形式化规约方向上现有混成系统建模语言、关注性质以及形式化验证方向的混成系统模型检验、定理证明的现有主要技术与方法进行了综述性的回顾与总结.在此基础上,针对现阶段实时嵌入式系统复杂化、网络化的特性,对混成系统形式化验证的重要关注问题与研究方向进行了探索与讨论.     

基于MARTE的面向混成系统的模型形式化转换

混成系统是离散逻辑跳转与实时连续行为交织的复杂状态变迁系统,形式化建模与验证是确保混成系统正确性和可靠性的重要途径。首先介绍一种混成ZIA形式规范;然后,基于建模语言MARTE建立扩展Object-Z的规范,即OZ-MARTE,该规范弥补了MARTE规范在形式化描述方面的不足,同时为了方便描述混成系统中连续动态行为属性,给出对混成系统中连续变量的描述转换规则,增强了MARTE对混成系统的描述能力;最后,给出OZ-MARTE规范到混成ZIA规范的转换方法,因此针对混成ZIA规范的验证技术同样适用于对MARTE模型进行形式化验证。     

一类有约束的混合系统的模型及设计

提出一类推广的Petri网模型,并利用它为混合动态系统建模,采用对策论求解设计模型中的有关参数的最优值及连续系统的控制器,以满足混合系统的最优约束条件,以火车道口的控制设计为例,说明了系统的设计方法。     

可逆冷带轧机速度张力系统的动态滑模解耦控制

为削弱可逆冷带轧机速度张力系统中各变量间的非线性耦合影响,本文提出了一种基于幂指数趋近律的微分几何动态滑模解耦控制方法.首先,应用微分几何理论,通过非线性状态反馈和坐标变换,实现了可逆冷带轧机速度张力非线性耦合系统的输入/输出动态解耦和线性化.其次,针对解耦后得到的各独立线性子系统,综合考虑可逆冷带轧机速度张力系统的负载扰动、参数摄动和未建模动态等不确定部分的影响,基于幂指数趋近律设计了动态滑模控制器.理论分析表明,所提出的控制方法能够保证闭环系统渐近稳定,并能有效削弱系统抖振.最后,对某1422mm可逆冷带轧机速度张力非线性耦合系统进行仿真,并同其他解耦控制方法相比较,结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

基于XYZ/E的混成系统

混成系统是由计算机和物理设备组成的嵌入式实时计算系统.它允许在交互式实时系统中引入连续变化的单元.XYZ/E 是基于Manna-Pnueli的线性时序逻辑的程序设计语言.它将程序的动态语义与静态语义统一在同一框架中,支持从抽象的程序规范到可执行代码的逐步求精的全过程.该文使用XYZ/E语言描述和验证混成系统.首先介绍了计算模型,然后介绍了XYZ语言对混成系统的形式化描述,最后介绍了混成系统的验证.与同类工作相比,XYZ/E支持状态转换,从而可以方便地描述复杂的控制算法.     

质子交换膜燃料电池动态建模及其双模控制

由于已提出的质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)模型难于控制, 提出利用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真工具进行PEMFC系统动态建模, 同时为实现对PEMFC系统输出电压的控制, 采用了基于模糊规则切换的模糊逻辑控制器(FLC)和比例积分微分控制器(PID)相结合的双模控制方式. 仿真结果证明该动态模型易于控制, 能够反映出PEMFC系统的动态输出特性, 而且验证了基于模糊规则切换的双模控制能够有效抑制扰动, 改善PEMFC系统的动态输出特性, 保证系统的稳定运行, 有助于对PEMFC系统的输出性能分析以及实时控制系统的设计.     

小车倒立摆的自适应动态面控制

针对一类含有参数扰动和外部扰动的不确定欠驱动系统提出了一种改进自适应动态面控制方法.首先通过坐标变换,小车倒立摆模型转换成部分反馈形式,由半严格形式模型设计动态面控制器.利用模糊逻辑处理系统不确定性的能力设计自适应控制器,然后在传统动态面控制器设计中采用跟踪微分器来得到原稳定化函数的精确微分,解决传统反步法的"微分爆炸",显著提升闭环系统的性能.采用李雅普洛夫方法,设计适当的参数,系统跟踪误差能收敛到原点,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.