基于文本事件网络自动摘要的抽取方法

将文本按事件方式进行表示,把事件作为基本语义单元来构建事件本体.根据事件间的关系构建事件网络有向图能较好地表达文本的语义信息及事件间的关系重要程度.利用PAGERANK算法测算事件网络图中各节点对应事件的重要度并进行排序,按事件发生的时间顺序,输出事件对应的原语句作为摘要.实验结果表明,基于事件网络的文本自动文摘方法抽取出的摘要效果较好.     

基于语义依存的中文本体非分类关系抽取方法

为了解决中文本体非分类关系抽取问题,提出了基于语义依存分析的非分类关系抽取方法.利用语义角色标注和依存语法分析思想,分析得到了文本句子的语义依存结构,提取其中具有语义依存关系的动词框架,通过计算语义相似度,发现了动词框架中概念间的非分类关系和关系名称.实验结果表明该方法能够有效地实现非分类关系的抽取和关系的语义标注.     

基于本体的商务领域文本检索的研究

文本挖掘技术是从海量文本信息中获取潜在有用知识的有效途径。传统的文本挖掘方法由于不能有效运用语义信息而难以达到更高的准确度。本体论为语义信息的合理表示和有效组织提供了理论支持和技术手段,把本体引入到商务企业文本检索中,以文本的段落为检索的最小单位,提出了一个信息检索的模型。该模型能从文本中抽取信息而建立本体标识符,用本体标识符来表示文本的段落,从而对检索要求和段落进行语义匹配,最后得到检索结果。     

利用框架语义知识优化事件抽取

事件抽取旨在把含有事件信息的非结构化文本以结构化的形式予以呈现。现有的基于监督学习的事件抽取方法往往受限于数据稀疏和分布不平衡问题,具有较低的召回率。针对这一问题,该文提出一种利用框架语义优化事件抽取的方法,引入框架类型作为泛化特征,在此基础上进行框架类型和事件类型的映射,然后结合框架类型识别模型和事件类型识别模型进行协作判定,以此优化事件抽取的召回性能。实验结果显示,针对触发词(事件类型)识别任务,相较于仅使用事件类型识别模型,该文提出的框架语义辅助的事件类型识别模型能够提高抽取召回率6.44%(5.74%),提高F值1.45%(0.83%)。     

一种基于本体的文本主题提取方法研究

在深入分析当前流行的文本主题提取技术和方法的基础上,提出一种将本体技术应用于文本主题提取的方法。使用本体技术用语义向量表示文本句,对文本进行预处理,然后进行语义相似度计算和语义聚类,最后从每类中抽取代表句生成文本主题。实验结果表明,该方法在提取文本主题方面是一个有效的方法。     

基于双层CNN-BiGRU-CRF的事件因果关系抽取

针对现有事件因果关系抽取方法关系边界识别能力弱和文本语义表征不足的问题,提出一种基于双层CNN-BiGRU-CRF深度学习模型的事件因果关系抽取方法。将因果关系抽取任务转换为两次序列标注任务分别由两层CNN-BiGRU-CRF模型完成,上层模型用于识别事件因果关系语义角色词,其标注结果作为特征输入下层模型划分因果关系边界。在每层模型中,采用突发事件样本数据对BERT模型进行微调,形成文本表示模型以获取语义特征向量矩阵,利用卷积神经网络和双向门控循环单元分别提取局部和全局深层特征,并将上述特征在每个时间序列步进行线性加权融合以增强语义表征能力,最终基于残差思想将高区分度特征输入CRF模型解码完成序列标注任务。在中文突发事件语料集上的实验结果表明,与BiLSTM-Att-规则特征、GAN-BiGRU-CRF等因果关系抽取方法相比,该方法的事件因果关系抽取效果更好,F值达到91.81%,能有效实现事件因果关系的准确抽取。     

融合触发词特征的事件抽取

事件抽取是信息抽取领域的重点研究方向.为了提升事件抽取效果,解决通用事件抽取方法无法充分利用文本特征信息的问题,提出了融合触发词特征的事件抽取方法.通过构建远程触发词库,为事件类型分类模型提供额外特征信息,增强事件触发词的发掘能力,再融合事件类型与触发词距离特征,提升事件要素抽取模型的表示学习能力,最后,将事件类型分类模型与事件要素抽取模型串联,提升事件抽取效果.在DuEE数据集上进行实验,与其他模型相比,本模型提升了准确率、召回率、F1值,证明了本模型的有效性.     

基于本体的监控视频语义事件探测*

为了探测视频高层复杂事件,架构了一个视频事件分析框架,采用本体和Petri网进行推理从而获取复合事件;运用视频语义本体标注算法分析低层视频语义,在高层构建一个视频事件分析本体,将低层本体映射到事件分析本体表示高层视频事件;通过本体和扩展Petri网结合的方法对监控视频中的事件进行图形化异步事件推理;最后用semantic Web rule language(SWRL)规则表示视频监控事件的探测。实验证明,提出的方法比基于模式识别的事件探测方法更加有效。     

民航突发事件领域本体关系提取方法的研究

针对民航突发事件领域本体关系抽取准确率低的问题,提出了一种结合注意力机制与双向门控循环单元(BiGRU)的关系抽取模型。首先查询预先训练的词向量矩阵,将文本中每个词语映射为向量表示;其次构建BiGRU,得到词语序列的上下文语义信息;然后在词语层面和句子层面分别引入注意力机制,为表达语义关系更重要的词语和句子分配更大的权重;最后进行模型的训练与优化。将该模型应用在民航突发事件领域本体的关系提取中,实验结果表明该模型相较于其他方法具有更好的提取效果,验证了该模型的有效性,为民航突发事件领域本体关系的自动获取提供了新的方法支持。     

基于领域本体的语义合成研究

为了在检索过程中全面挖掘用户查询信息,文中提出了一种基于领域本体的语义合成技术,该方法以文本为数据源,引用数据源和领域本体之间的映射关系来表达数据文本的语义.文章提出了一个语义合成模型,该模型由领域本体、关键词语义抽取、概念语义相似度计算及语义推理等相关技术模型组成.文中对该模型进行了实验验证,通过对实验结果进行分析推理可知,文中提出的基于领域本体的语义合成模型提高了检索系统的查准率和计算机处理信息的能力,从而也提高了用户的满意度.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).