复杂应力状态下抗剪连接件应力在组合梁桥的实验研究

为了研究组合梁在复杂应力状态下抗剪连接件的力学性能,进行了两个布置有不同类型的抗剪连接件的小规模模型测试。这些模型的设计都是基于广州的一座组合梁桥。详细地研究了在相同边界条件下的刚性抗剪连接件模型和弹性抗剪连接件模型的钢筋混凝土交界面的相对滑移的比较分析。在三种不同类型的荷载形式作用下的两种抗剪连接件的反应也进行了比较。模型测试结果表明混凝土的极限承载能力是决定钢筋混凝土交界面上的相对滑移的关键因素而且刚性抗剪连接件和弹性抗剪连接件的区别是非常明显的。这份报告对于组合梁的抗剪连接件的未来研究和设计很有参考价值。     

Behavior of steel-concrete composite cantilever box beams under negative moment

Four steel-concrete composite cantilever beam specimens were tested to investigate their mechanical behavior under negative moment induced by concentrated loads at the ends of the beams. The failure modes, serviceability and ultimate bearing capacities of the composite beams with full shear connection were studied. The crack initiation and propagation were investigated with consideration of two types of shear connectors. Three kinds of longitudinal reinforcement ratios were also examined. The experimental results indicate that an increase in the reinforcement ratio is beneficial to the bearing capacity of the composite beams to some extent and that the shear stud connector is superior to the steel block connector with regards to the serviceability of the beams. Two numerical models, which were based on a concrete material model and an elasto-plastic material model, were employed to simulate the behavior of steel-concrete composite beams. The numerical calculation results show that the combination of the two models can be used to predict the longitudinal cracking load and ultimate bearing capacity of composite cantilever beams. Based on the experimental and numerical results, it was found that the ultimate bearing capacity of a steel-concrete composite beam under negative moment can be significantly affected by longitudinal cracks in the concrete slabs. An equation to predict the longitudinal cracking load of a composite cantilever beam under negative moment by concentrated load was proposed and found to have good accuracy.     

π形拼图板式抗剪连接件受剪性能试验研究

为了研究π形拼图板式抗剪连接件受剪性能,以布置贯穿钢筋、腹板间距、翼缘板的朝向、连接件高度及加载方式为变化参数,进行了5组9个组合构件的推出试验。试验结果表明：π形拼图板式抗剪连接件初始抗剪刚度较大,具有良好的延性及耗能能力;布置贯穿钢筋对π形拼图板式抗剪连接件受剪承载力影响较小,对改善组合构件的延性效果明显;随着连接件腹板间距的减小,组合构件的承载力及延性所提高;连接件翼缘板的朝向对组合构件承载力影响较大,翼缘板在下时,组合构件的延性下降明显;连接件高度对承载力影响较大,随着高度增加,初始抗剪刚度及延性增强;在重复荷载作用下,π形拼图板式抗剪连接件仍保留有较高的承载能力,表现出良好的耗能及延性。采用有限元分析方法对连接件受力、破坏模态、传力机制进行分析,利用多元线性回归的分析方法提出承载力计算式。     

考虑剪力连接件刚度的钢-混凝土组合梁有限元分析

钢 -混凝土组合梁剪力连接程度是依据截面极限状态的抗弯强度定义的 ,即使是完全抗剪连接 ,组合梁的混凝土板与钢梁之间仍存在滑移。采用有限元分析 ,构造了混凝土板 -连接单元 -钢梁的组合梁有限元计算模型 ,推导了混凝土与钢梁界面有限元连接单元刚度系数 ,分析了不同剪力连接程度组合梁的受力与变形特性 ,研究了剪力连接程度对挠度和混凝土翼缘有效宽度的影响 ,并对照已有的试验数据和相关规范进行分析比较。     

Experimental study on shear behavior of bolt connectors in steel-concrete composite beams

为研究螺栓抗剪连接件在钢-混凝土组合梁中的受剪性能,对24个采用螺栓连接件的钢-混凝土组合试件进行了推出试验,分析了螺栓直径、螺栓强度、螺栓埋置长细比和混凝土强度等参数对螺栓连接件的破坏模式、荷载-滑移特性和受剪承载力的影响。研究结果表明：螺栓抗剪连接件的破坏模式主要为螺栓周围混凝土受压破坏和螺栓栓杆的剪断破坏;当发生混凝土受压破坏时,增大混凝土强度、螺栓直径、螺栓埋置长细比可以提高螺栓连接件的受剪承载力;当发生螺栓的栓杆剪断破坏时,提高螺栓强度可以提高螺栓连接件的受剪承载力。在试验研究的基础上,给出了不同破坏模式下钢-混凝土组合梁螺栓连接件的受剪承载力的计算方法,建议公式的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

开孔板连接件受剪性能试验研究

开孔板连接件是钢-混凝土组合梁中常用的一种抗剪连接件。通过21个开孔板连接件试件在单调静力荷载作用下的推出试验,研究了开孔板的开孔直径、混凝土强度等级、孔中横向贯通钢筋的直径和数量等对开孔板连接件的破坏形态、荷载-滑移特性和受剪承载力等的影响。研究表明:开孔板连接件的荷载-滑移曲线(P-S曲线)大致可分为弹性阶段、塑性发展阶段和下降段;提高混凝土强度等级、增大开孔直径可提高开孔板连接件的受剪承载力,横向贯通钢筋直径由16mm增大至20mm时,试件的受剪承载力提高了21.8%,配置横向贯通钢筋2 16的试件受剪承载力比相应的未配置横向贯通钢筋的试件高19.1%;随着混凝土强度等级的提高,试件抗剪刚度增大,而开孔直径及横向贯通钢筋直径则对抗剪刚度无明显影响。最后,基于试验结果提出了开孔板连接件受剪承载力的计算方法。研究成果可为编制《钢-混凝土组合桥梁设计规范》提供依据和参考。     

Experimental and analytical investigations on the hat shaped shear connector in the steel-concrete composite flexural member

Over the last decade, there are many research results on the new type shear connectors to solve the problems associated with the headed stud shear connector. It was revealed that the new type shear connector has better structural safety, welding quality, constructability, cost-effectiveness, etc. Especially, perforated shear connector (perfobond shear connector) which has superior fatigue resistance and constructability is receiving attention among various types of shear connectors. In this study, we suggest the new type shear connector which improved the perfobond shear connector. Newly suggested hat shaped shear connector can be used instead of headed stud shear connector commonly used in the concrete-steel composite beam. To evaluate the load carrying capacity of this hat shaped shear connector, push-out tests are carried out and test results are analyzed. In addition, the finite element analysis is conducted on the concrete slab having shear connector to investigate the stress distribution pattern affected by the presence of hat shaped shear connector. The existing design equations for the perfobond shear connectors are reviewed briefly and the equation for the prediction of load carrying capacity of new type hat shaped shear connector is suggested based on the experimental results, finite element analysis results, and existing equations suggested in the previous studies.     

双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

提出一种新型的配置L形拉结件的双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙。通过两组共6个双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙试件的拟静力试验,对此新型组合剪力墙的抗震性能进行了研究。试件改变参数主要为轴压比和连接件间距,在试验的基础上对试件的破坏形态、承载能力、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化曲线等进行分析。试验研究表明：L形拉结件的配置既能增强外包钢板对核心内混凝土的约束作用又能抑制外包钢板的屈曲,充分保证了外包钢板和混凝土之间的协同工作,此新型组合剪力墙具有较高的承载力,较好的延性及耗能能力。在达到峰值荷载之前,墙体钢板未发生明显的局部屈曲变形,最终组合剪力墙均因端柱屈曲拉裂而开始破坏;破坏时极限位移角的平均值为1/58;随着距厚比减小,试件的水平承载力和延性系数均显著提高。     

Structural behaviour of perforated shear connectors with flange heads in composite girders: an experimental approach

Perforated shear connector with flange head (PSCFH) as a new type of connector behaves high bearing capacity and excellent ductility in steel-concrete composite girders. In this paper 15 groups, totally 45 push-out test specimens, were conducted to investigate the effects of plate thickness, connector height, flange length, flange number, hole diameter on the web, diameter of reinforcing bars and concrete strength on structural behaviour of PSCFH. In the push-out tests, failure mode, load versus slip curve and bearing capacity of all the specimens were obtained. Based on the results of push-out tests, bearing mechanism was analyzed and a calculation model of the shear bearing capacity was proposed with respect to the failure modes. Calculation results based on the proposed model agree well with the experimental values.     

π形开孔板连接件受剪性能试验研究

高性能组合结构中抗剪连接件的研究受到广泛关注,通过6组10个π形开孔板抗剪连接件试件在单调及重复荷载作用下的推出试验,研究其破坏模态、荷载-滑移曲线以及应力发展规律等.分析了贯穿钢筋、腹板间距、翼缘板的布置方向、连接件数量以及加载方式对π形开孔板连接件初始刚度和受剪承载力等力学性能的影响.结果表明:π形开孔板抗剪连接件...     

Behavior of channel shear connectors, Part I: Experimental study

In composite beams, shear connectors are commonly used to transfer longitudinal shear forces across the steel-concrete interface. This paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of channel shear connectors embedded in a solid concrete material slab under monotonic and low-cycle fatigue loading. The latter would be applicable to composite structures subjected to seismic events. Of specific interest are the behavior and effects of different concrete materials. A series of push-out specimens made of plain concrete, reinforced concrete (RC), fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and engineered cementitious composite (ECC) were tested for this evaluation. The results show that the reversed cyclic shear strength of most specimens is 10%-23% lower than their monotonic strength. Also, using the polypropylene fibers (FRC specimens) has a slight effect on the shear strength and load-displacement behavior of the specimens; however, using the polyvinyl alcohol fibers (ECC specimens) causes considerable increase in ultimate strength and ductility of channel shear connectors. Finally, the experimental load capacities are compared with that suggested by North American design codes.     

钢-高性能混凝土组合梁栓钉连接件抗剪性能的试验

基于10个栓钉连接件在单调荷载下的推出试验,对高性能混凝土中栓钉的破坏形态、抗剪承载力、荷载-滑移关系、变形能力等进行了研究,重点分析了混凝土类型、栓钉直径等参数对栓钉抗剪性能的影响。结果表明:栓钉在高性能混凝土中的抗剪承载力与在普通混凝土中相近;栓钉具有较好的抗剪延性与变形能力;栓钉在高性能混凝土和普通混凝土中均出现了明显的刚度退化特性,且二者的退化程度相当;栓钉焊接不宜采用普通围焊工艺。最后,在试验的基础上,初步提出了高性能混凝土中栓钉抗剪承载力的设计建议。     

Static behavior of multi-stud shear connectors for steel-concrete composite bridge

Push-out tests were conducted to investigate the different behavior between single-stud and multi-stud connectors. The results show that the single-stud and multi-stud connectors have the similar stiffness, and the spacing of studs has little influence in the stiffness of multi-stud connectors. The ultimate strength of single-stud connector is about 10% larger than multi-stud connectors. When the load reaches its peak, the relative slip of single-stud connector is about 19% larger than that of multi-stud connectors. The multi-stud effect on static behavior of shear connector is negligible. Based on the push-out test results, a new expression of stud load-slip relationship was proposed. Compared to existing relationships, the new expression has a better match with the experimental values. The static behavior was studied and compared to design equations. The results show that the estimation based on Eurocode-4 agrees well with the multi-stud test results and the estimations based on AASHTO LRFD and Chinese code agree well with the single-stud test results.     

锈蚀栓钉连接件力学性能试验研究

为了解钢-混组合梁的栓钉连接件发生锈蚀后的静力工作性能,进行了4组栓钉试件的推出试验.首先通过人工电化学快速锈蚀方法使试件中的栓钉达到预定锈蚀状况,然后进行静载破坏试验,通过试验结果分析不同锈蚀状况对栓钉连接件力学性能的影响.结果表明:栓钉钉杆尤其是靠近结合面处发生锈蚀时,其极限承载力降低最大达到18％,相同荷载作用下...     

Behaviour of headed stud shear connectors for composite steel-concrete beams at elevated temperatures

The behaviour of composite steel-concrete beams at elevated temperatures is an important problem. A three-dimensional push test model is developed herein with a two-dimensional temperature distribution field based on the finite element method (FEM) and which may be applied to steel-concrete composite beams. The motivation for this paper is to increase the awareness of the structural engineering community to the concepts behind composite steel-concrete structural design for fire exposure. The behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs under fire conditions strongly depends on the interaction of the slabs with the surrounding elements which include the structural steel beam, steel reinforcing and shear connectors. This study was carried out to consider the effects of elevated temperatures on the behaviour of composite steel-concrete beams for both solid and profiled steel sheeting slabs. This investigation considers the load-slip relationship and ultimate load behaviour for push tests with a three-dimensional non-linear finite element program ABAQUS. As a result of elevated temperatures, the material properties change with temperature. The studies were compared with experimental tests under both ambient and elevated temperatures. Furthermore, for the elevated temperature study, the models were loaded progressively up to the ultimate load to illustrate the capability of the structure to withstand load during a fire. It is concluded that finite element analysis showed that the shear connector strength under fire exposure was very sensitive. It is also shown that profiled steel sheeting slabs exhibit greater fire resistance when compared with that of a solid slab as a function of their ambient temperature strength.     

Experimental study on shear performance of twin perfobond rib shear connectors under monotonic and repeated loading

通过4个抗剪连接件试件的单调加载和重复加载推出试验,研究双开孔钢板连接件的承载能力、荷载-位移关系、延性、初始刚度、刚度退化及耗能等力学性能。结果表明：双开孔钢板连接件初始刚度大,且具有较好的延性及耗能能力;加载初期荷载-位移曲线呈线性关系,该阶段承载力主要由贯穿孔内混凝土榫提供,随着荷载的增加,试件荷载-位移曲线出现第一个明显拐点,混凝土榫压碎后,荷载-位移曲线出现峰值点,该阶段承载力主要由贯穿钢筋提供;重复荷载下各试件初始刚度值与单调荷载下相差不大;随着加载循环次数的增加,试件刚度不断减小,试件耗能能力逐渐降低。目前国内外已有计算式所考虑因素和计算方法不尽相同,通过国内外87个开孔钢板模型试验结果与各公式计算值的对比发现,日本JSCE公式计算值与试验值吻合度最好。     

Lightweight steel–concrete–steel sandwich system with J-hook connectors

This paper investigates a new concept for designing composite structures comprising a lightweight concrete core sandwiched in between two steel plates which are interconnected by J-hook connectors. Specifically, lightweight concrete (density less than 1450 kg/m³) and novel J-hook connectors have been developed for this purpose. The hook connectors are capable of resisting tension and shear, and their uses are not restricted by the core thickness. Push-out tests confirms that the shear transfer capability of J-hook connector is superior to the conventional headed stud connector in achieving composite action between steel plate and concrete core. Twelve sandwich beam specimens have been tested to evaluate the flexural and shear performance subjected to static point load. Parameters investigated include degree of partial composite, concrete with and without fibres and concrete strength. Using Eurocodes as a basis of design, theoretical model is developed to predict the flexural and shear capacity considering partial composite and enable construction of sandwich structures with J-hook connectors. Compared with test results, the predicted capacity is generally conservative if brittle failure of connectors can be avoided. Test evidence also shows that inclusion of 1% volume fraction of fibres in the concrete core significantly increases the beam flexural capacity as well as its post-peak ductility.     

Behavior of channel shear connectors, Part II: Analytical study

In this second part of the two companion papers an effective numerical model is proposed using finite element method to simulate the push-out test of channel shear connectors. The focus is on the shear capacity of channel shear connectors embedded in a solid reinforced concrete slab under monotonic loading. The model has been validated against test results presented in Part (I) and compared with data given in North American design codes. Parametric studies using this nonlinear model are performed to investigate the variations in concrete strength, channel dimensions and the orientation of the channel. The results show that the concrete strength, web and flange thicknesses of the channel and the length of the channel are significant parameters in determining the ultimate strength of channel shear connectors, whereas the height of the channel section is not a significant parameter. Also, changing the orientation of the channel causes a change in the stiffness and the ultimate strength of the shear connector.     

Shear behavior of partially encased steel-concrete composite specimens under tension

为了研究型钢与部分外包混凝土的在拉力作用下的纵向剪力传递性能,对6个部分外包钢-混凝土组合构件进行了轴拉试验,对其破坏形态和荷载-滑移曲线进行了分析。试验中主要考虑了型钢与腹部混凝土的黏结长度、混凝土强度、栓钉连接件数量等影响因素。研究结果表明：部分外包钢-混凝土组合构件破坏形态主要表现为黏结破坏、混凝土压碎和栓钉剪断;轴拉试验和推出试验中无栓钉连接的部分外包型钢混凝土组合构件的黏结力均随着型钢与混凝土间的黏结长度的增加而增大;对于无栓钉和有栓钉组试件,轴拉试验和推出试验中型钢与混凝土间的受剪承载力均随着混凝土抗拉强度的增加而增大,且近似成线性关系;部分外包钢-混凝土组合构件的受剪承载力随栓钉数量的增加而增大;相较无栓钉组试件,采用2根栓钉连接和4根栓钉连接的轴拉试件,其受剪承载力分别可提高近100%和250%。     

Experimental study on seismic behavior of double-skin corrugated plates and concrete composite shear wall

为研究钢板类型、墙体连接件、轴压比以及剪跨比对双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能的影响，设计并完成了15个双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙（13个波纹钢板试件、2个平钢板试件）的拟静力试验，观察了试件的破坏过程，获取了应变分布数据，分析了各变化参数对双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能指标的影响规律。试验结果表明：与横向波纹双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙相比，竖向波纹双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的承载力更高，承载力及刚度退化更为缓慢，延性更好；在承载力接近的情况下，双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的延性与耗能均显著优于平钢板的；设置连接件导致双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的初始刚度降低，使其破坏阶段的承载力退化减缓，且小剪跨比时设置连接件可有效提升双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的承载力和延性，防止其发生面外破坏；试验中增大轴压比可显著提升双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的承载力、初始刚度和耗能能力，但双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的承载力及刚度退化速率增快，延性变差；增大剪跨比将显著降低双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的承载力和初始刚度，对延性和耗能能力影响并不显著；采用全截面塑性理论进行双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙正截面承载力计算，试验结果与计算值吻合良好。