Modelling of hydrologic processes and potential response to climate change through the use of a multisite SWAT

Hydrologic models that use components for integrated modelling of surface water and groundwater systems help conveniently simulate the dynamically linked hydrologic and hydraulic processes that govern flow conditions in watersheds. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is one such model that allows continuous simulations over long time periods in the land phase of the hydrologic cycle by incorporating surface water and groundwater interactions. This study provides a verified structure for the SWAT to evaluate existing flow regimes in a small-sized catchment in Denmark and examines a simple simulation to help quantify the effects of climate change on regional water quantities. SWAT can be regarded among the alternative hydrologic simulation tools applicable for catchments with similar characteristics and of similar sizes in Denmark. However, the modellers would be required to determine a proper set of effective model parameters and agree on a proper balancing among different calibration sites during all parameter optimization trials.     

大气颗粒污染物源解析技术方法研究进展

介绍了大气颗粒污染物源解析技术的发展历程及现阶段主要的源解析技术方法,通过对各种方法的基本原理和实际应用情况的阐述,分析了各种方法的侧重点及适用范围,并对颗粒物源解析技术的下一步发展趋势和研究热点进行了评述。     

SWAT模型在我国的发展历程及其在寒地应用展望

SAWT模型是目前世界范围内广泛用于复杂流域水资源与水环境研究的优选模型。自21世纪初引入我国后,该模型取得了飞速发展与应用,研究区域涵盖水系发达、污染集中、水资源问题严峻的全国大部分地区,但在西部高原(山)和北方高纬度寒冷地区的应用相对较少。基础资料匮乏,降水年度内分布不均和独特的积融雪过程是限制该模型在当地发展的主要障碍。通过对模型在我国的发展历程和应用现状的回顾、总结与综合分析,结合寒冷地区的气候与水文特征,深入剖析SWAT模型的特征模块及算法功能,探讨其在该地区的应用前景与展望,以期为我国寒冷地区流域水文过程模拟和非点源污染控制系统研究提供一个新思路,为丰富全国流域水资源综合管理和水环境系统防治工作提供参考。     

气候变化给城镇给水排水系统带来的挑战

简要介绍了国际和中国对"气候变化与水"的评估和预测结果,论述了当前有关国家和国际组织研究讨论关于城市给水排水发展应对气候变化的相关主要问题,分析了气候变化给中国城市给水排水系统带来的挑战,并提出了相应建议。     

连续点源泄漏事故的数学模型研究

重点讨论连续点源的扩散模式，利用高斯公式建立了气体扩散的数学模型，并以此为理论，讨论了在泄漏事故中警戒区域的确定方法，从理论上指导消防部队的救援行动。     

Regression models for estimating storm runoff load and its application to Lake Kasumigaura

Regression models are proposed for accurate estimation of storm runoff load. Regression equations are obtained for the relationship between final cumulative load and flow during direct runoff by each storm event. The models are applied to estimate annual nutrients load by all influent rivers into the Lake Kasumigaura for a model year of average annual rainfall. The load in dry weather is calculated from observed data of all influent rivers. Total annual load for a year is the sum of loads in dry weather days and loads in wet weather days. The ratios of the load in a wet weather day to total annual loads are 29 percent for T‐N, 51 percent for T‐P, 53 percent for T‐COD, 22 percent for D‐N, 22 percent for D‐P and 30 percent for D‐COD.     

Stochastic modelling of mean monthly flows of Karasu River,in Turkey

Stochastic modelling of streamflows is vital for planning water resource systems. In this study, a stochastic model of the mean monthly streamflows at 2154 A?a?ιka?dariç Gauging Station on Karasu River was constructed. Studies were carried out using data from the water yearbooks published by chk later onEIE. The modelling procedure for streamflows with constant coefficient autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models was given in detail and indicated models were constructed. Analysis with streamflows at 2154 A?a?ιka?dariç Gauging Station showed that the autoregressive (AR) (1) model is the most appropriate model among the competing models. While selecting the most efficient model the Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used. The Port–Manteau test showed that residuals are white noise series. Using the AR(1) model, 100 synthetic series were generated and the time series generated were found to have the same statistical parameters (monthly mean, monthly standard deviation and autocorrelation) as historic time series within 95% confidence intervals.     

气候变化下建筑能耗模拟气象数据研究

气象参数是建筑能耗模拟的基础,随着全球气候异常变暖,必将对建筑采暖和空调能耗产生重要影响.进行未来气候条件下的建筑能耗模拟,必须首先开展未来模拟气象参数的研究.根据TMY2模拟气象参数模式提出了节能分析气象年(AEEMY)模拟气象参数模式.使用了3个气候模型预测了中国建筑热工分区代表城市未来2021-2050的30 a气象参数.使用AEEMY模式得到了1971-2000年和2021-2050年代表城市的建筑能耗模拟气象参数.应用DOE2模拟软件对中国各气候区的居住建筑在2种气候条件下进行了建筑能耗模拟.验证了该模拟气象数据模式的有效性和可行性.     

Occurrence of perchlorate in drinking water sources of metropolitan area in Japan

The occurrence of perchlorate in the Tone River Basin was investigated using an ion chromatograph (IC) coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS). Perchlorate was found at high concentrations in the upper Tone River and its tributary, Usui River, and the maximum concentrations were 340 and 2300 microg/L, respectively. The possible sources of perchlorate in two areas were attributable to industrial effluents. In case of the upper Tone River, perchlorate concentration in an effluent was 1100 microg/L and its concentrations in a tributary (or waterway) directly downstream of the outlet of the effluent ranged from 44 to 1500 microg/L. In case of the Usui River, perchlorate concentration in another effluent was 15,000 microg/L and its concentrations downstream of the outlet of the effluent were 1100-3900 microg/L. Due to the discharge of perchlorate in the upper Tone River Basin, perchlorate concentrations in the river waters of the middle and lower Tone River Basin were generally 10-20 microg/L. Perchlorate concentrations in 30 tap water samples were investigated. Water sources of three tap water samples were other than the Tone River Basin and their perchlorate concentrations were 0.16-0.87 microg/L. On the other hand, water sources of the remaining 27 samples were the upper, middle and lower Tone River Basin and their perchlorate concentrations were 0.06-37 microg/L. Perchlorate concentrations were more than 1 microg/L in 19 tap water samples and more than 10 microg/L in 13 samples. It was shown that tap waters in the Tone River Basin were widely contaminated with perchlorate. To our knowledge, this study was the first to report on perchlorate contamination of environmental and drinking waters in Japan.