自生TiC增强钛基复合材料的微观组织

采用反应自生法制备了ＴｉＣ颗粒增强钛合金基复合材料,研究了复合材料的相组成和微观组织。在Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－２Ｃ合金中存在Ｔｉ和ＴｉＣ两种相。ＴｉＣ权树枝状初生Ｔｉｃ和短棒状共晶ＴｉＣ两种开头存在,其中共晶ＴｉＣ主要存在于晶界,特别是三角晶界处。ＴｉＣ晶格常数的计算结果表明ＴｉＣ的衍射峰存在一定的偏移,主要是由于存在于ＴｉＣ中的Ｃ空位引起晶格畸变。随着Ａｌ含量的增加,初生ＴｉＣ由发达粗大的树枝晶变为不发达的树枝晶,当Ａｌ含量为３５％时变为短棒状和薄片状的ＴｉＣ。基体组织也相应地由单一的Ｔｉ基体变为Ｔｉ和Ｔｉ３Ａｌ的两相基体以及Ｔｉ３Ａｌ和ＴｉＡｌ两相基体。根据相图分析了组织变化的主要原因。     

碳含量对自生TiC_P增强钛基复合材料组织的影响

采用反应自生法制备了 Ti C颗粒增强钛合金基复合材料 ,并通过 XRD,SEM对复合材料的相组成和微观组织进行了研究。结果表明 :在 Ti- 6Al- 1 .8C中主要存在 Ti和 Ti C两种相。Ti C以树枝状初生 Ti C和短棒状共晶 Ti C两种形态存在。对 Ti C晶格常数的计算结果表明 ,Ti C的衍射峰存在一定的偏移 ,主要是由于 Ti C中存在 C空位。研究了 C含量对材料组织和 Ti C形貌的影响。结果表明 :C含量对基体组织基本没有影响 ,但是随着 C含量由 1 .98%减少到 0 .39% ,粗大的树枝状 Ti C逐渐消失 ,Ti C以短棒状为主 ,部分呈羽毛状。     

In-situ TiCP/Al Composites Prepared by TE/QP Method

1.IntroductionThermal explosion/quick pressure(TE/QP)tech-nique,a self-reaction process initiated and supported bythe chemical reaction heat between different elementsin a system,is an advanced method for synthesis ofmaterials[1~4].This technique was classified into twodifferent routes:self-propagating reaction synthesis andthermal explosion synthesis[5,6].The advantages of thistechnique are characterized as simple process,no spe-cial equipment requirement,economic energy,lower cost,high syn…     

Microstructure and its influence on refining performance of AlTiC master alloys

Abstract

The microstructures of four different AlTiC master alloys produced through a new method involving the reaction of pure Ti and carbon in an Al melt have been examined using XRD, SEM, EPMA, and TEM, and their refining efficiencies tested. Individual TiC particles were found to be single crystals with polyhedral or spherical morphologies. In addition to the aluminium matrix, Al - 5Ti - 0.3C (wt-%) refiners contain TiC and TiAl₃ phases, whereas Al - 8.4Ti - 1.8C contains only TiC. Three types of agglomerating behaviour of TiC particles, namely discrete particles, homogeneously distributed clusters, and compact blocks along grain boundaries, were found in master alloys produced at different temperatures, and these further influence the refining performances. Ti was found to play an important role in the refinement of Al by AlTiC refiners; observation of grain centres showed that TiC particles are located at the grain centre and the excess Ti segregates to them and forms a roselike structure around them. It is clear that the refinement of Al by AlTiC results from the combined action of TiC and Ti, and it is possible that AlTiC and AlTiB share some common rules in refining Al. Possible refinement mechanisms have been discussed based on microstructure observations and previous studies.     

Preparation of in situ TiCP/LY12 composite and its microstructure and mechanical properties

Mechanical properties of TiC_P/LY12 Al-based composites prepared by an in situ synthesis method were studied. The micro-structure, morphology, and distribution of TiC_p particles in the LY12 Al alloy matrix were also investigated by XRD, SEM, and HRTEM. The phase composition of the TiC_P/LY12 composites, interfacial structure of TiC particle-to-particle and TiC particle-to-Al matrix, and structure of triple phase among TiC particle, Al₂Cu phase, and Al matrix were also studied. There are no detectable Al₃Ti phases in TiC_P/LY12 composites, and a strong cohesive interface between TiC particles and Al-based alloy matrix was observed in the in situ synthesized TiC_P/LY12 composites. After heat treatment using T6 procedure, it was found that ultimate strength (σ_b), yield strength (σ_s), and Young's modulus (E) of TiC_P/LY12 composites increased but the elongation ratio decreased with increasing of the mass fraction of TiC particles.     

Pressureless sintering of SiC-TiC composites with improved fracture toughness

Composites of SiC-TiC containing up to 45 wt% of dispersed TiC particles were pressureless sintered to 97% of theoretical density at temperatures between 1850°C and 1950°C with Al₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ additions. An in situ-toughened microstructure, consisted of uniformly distributed elongated -SiC grains, matrixlike TiC grains, and yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) as a grain boundary phase, was developed via pressureless sintering route in the composites sintered at 1900°C. The fracture toughness of SiC-30 wt% TiC composites sintered at 1900°C for 2 h was as high as 7.8 MPa·m^1/2, owing to the bridging and crack deflection by the elongated -SiC grains.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast TiAl alloys with higher C additions

TiAl alloys with higher C additions were fabricated using a XD^TM method. The results investigated by XRD, OM and SEM indicated that in Ti-34Al-0.5C alloy, single phase TiC particles and particles having a core structure in which the TiC phase was coated by Ti₃AlC phase were formed and they uniformly distributed at the grain boundaries. However, when C content is more than 0.5%, the particles with a plate-shape were single phase Ti₂AlC and TiC phase coated by Ti₂AlC phase. These results suggested that in TiAl alloys with higher C additions, the primary is TiC, and the Ti₃AlC and Ti₂AlC result from peritectic reaction, L + TiC. The results measured by MPM show that with the increasing of C content, the microhardness both TiC, Ti₃AlC and Ti₂AlC is higher than that of the matrix Ti₃Al and TiAl. However, the elastic modulus of particle phases and matrix has little variation and no change tendency can be found with increasing C content.     

添加固体润滑剂的Al2O3/TiC陶瓷材料力学性能和显微结构

采用热压工艺制备了添加固体润滑剂MoS2、BN、CaF2的Al2O3/TiC陶瓷材料,测量了其力学性能和分析了其显微结构.结果表明,添加固体润滑剂的Al2O3/TiC陶瓷比未添加时的力学性能有大幅下降,其中Al2O3/TiC/CaF2陶瓷材料的力学性能最好,当CaF2含量为10%时,Al2O3/TiC/CaF2陶瓷材料的强度和硬度最高,分别达到了589MPa和HV1537;而添加BN的Al2O3/TiC陶瓷材料的力学性能最差.XRD衍射结果和微观结构显示,添加MoS2的Al2O3/TiC材料中的MoS2发生分解,基体中存在较多的气孔;添加BN的Al2O3/TiC材料中的BN与Al2O,反应生成AlN,造成大量裂纹的产生,致使材料的强度和硬度都大幅下降;Al2O3/TiC/CaF2陶瓷材料中的CaF2在烧结过程中没发生化学反应,复合材料晶粒大小均匀,基体组织成网状结构,有利于提高材料的强度.     

Combustion reaction of Ti–Al–C–N system

The combustion reaction of Ti–Al–C–N system was investigated by using Ti powders and one CNx precursor powder as reactant powder blends. The reactant powder blends ratio was adjusted to obtain different materials. The phase composition of the samples was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure of the samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that Ti₂Al(C, N)–TiAlx, AlN–Ti(C, N) and Ti₃Al(C, N)₂–TiC composites can be fabricated by changing the reactant powder blends ratio.     

Effect of in-situ TiC particulate on the wear resistance of spray-deposited 7075 Al matrix composite

TiC reinforced 7075 Al matrix composites have been fabricated by a melt in-situ reaction spray deposition. The microstructures of spray-deposited alloys were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dry sliding wear behavior of the alloys was investigated using a pin-on-disc machine under four loads, namely 8.9, 17.8, 26.7 and 35.6 N. It has been found that the wear behavior of the alloys was dependent on the TiC content in the microstructure and the applied load. At a lower load (8.9 N), with increasing TiC content, the wear rate of the alloy was decreased. At a higher loads (26.7, 35.6 N), a spray-deposited 7075 Al alloy exhibited superior wear resistance to the 7075/TiC composites.     

原位合成TiC/Al(7075)复合材料的组织及力学性能

采用原位合成法制备TiC/Al(7075)复合材料,研究原位TiC颗粒的存在形式、分布状态及不同原位TiC颗粒含量对TiC/Al(7075)复合材料的微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果显示,TiC颗粒多以近球形团聚态存在于7075铝基体中,颗粒团大小约为1μm。当原位TiC颗粒质量分数小于6%时,原位TiC颗粒分布较为均匀,随着颗粒含量的增加,TiC/Al(7075)复合材料的铸态组织由蔷薇状组织逐渐转变为等轴晶组织,晶粒尺寸也随着原位TiC颗粒含量的增加而减小。当原位TiC颗粒的质量分数大于6%时,组织中出现气孔。复合材料的硬度和抗冲击韧性测试表明,TiC/Al(7075)复合材料的硬度随TiC颗粒含量的增加而增加,最高硬度达HB 108,冲击韧性在颗粒质量分数为6%时达到最佳,较基体提升31.55%。     

Microstructural evolution of reinforcements in the remelting in situ TiC/Al-12Si composites treated by ultrasonic vibration

Clusters of reinforced particles and long rod-like Al₃Ti particles are usually present in the matrix of in situ TiC/Al alloy composites fabricated via SHS reaction of the Al-Ti-C system in the molten aluminum alloys. In order to improve the properties of the composites, the above issues should be solved effectively. In our research, high-intensity ultrasonic vibration was introduced into the remelting TiC/Al-12Si composites containing clusters of TiC particles and long rod-like Al₃Ti phase to optimize the microstructure of the composites. The results of SEM showed that long rod-like Al₃Ti particles were turned into small blocky ones and large clusters were broken up into small ones. In the meantime, individual TiC particles could be peeled off from the clusters and distributed uniformly in the matrix. An in situ TiC/Al-12Si composite with a homogeneous microstructure was attained successfully. The evolution of the morphology of Al₃Ti phase and the clusters in the ultrasonic field was also discussed.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and interface of SiC particle reinforced 2124 Al matrix composite

The microstructure and interface between metal matrix and ceramic reinforcement of a composite play an important role in improving its properties. In the present investigation, the interface and intermetallic compound present in the samples were characterized to understand structural stability at an elevated temperature. Aluminum based 2124 alloy with 10 wt.% silicon carbide (SiC) particle reinforced composite was prepared through vortex method and the solid ingot was deformed by hot rolling for better particle distribution. Heat treatment of the composite was carried out at 575 °C with varying holding time from 1 to 48 h followed by water quenching. In this study, the microstructure and interface of the SiC particle reinforced Al based composites have been studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) associated with wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify the precipitate and intermetallic phases that are formed during heat treatment. The SiC particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix. The microstructure analyses of Al–SiC composite after heat treatment reveal that a wide range of dispersed phases are formed at grain boundary and surrounding the SiC particles. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy analyses confirm that finely dispersed phases are CuAl₂ and CuMgAl₂ intermetallic and large spherical phases are Fe₂SiAl₈ or Al₁₅(Fe,Mn)₃Si. It is also observed that a continuous layer enriched with Cu and Mg of thickness 50–80 nm is formed at the interface in between Al and SiC particles. EDS analysis also confirms that Cu and Mg are segregated at the interface of the composite while no carbide is identified at the interface.     

TiC/Ti-xY基复合材料的熔铸法制备及微观组织

为了研究钇对TiC/Ti复合材料微观组织的影响,采用熔铸法制备了TiC/Ti-xY复合材料,并利用SEM、X射线衍射、EDS研究了复合材料的微观组织结构、相组成和元素组成,分析了复合材料中TiC的形成过程和微观组织.结果表明:制备的复合材料由钛和碳化钛两相组成,增强相TiC分布较为均匀,初生TiC呈枝晶状,并有含钇细长条共晶TiC析出;增强相TiC与基体界面干净,无反应层;随着钇含量的增加,初生TiC枝晶变得细小,枝晶间距加大,细长条共晶TiC增多.     

Preparation of AlON-TiC composites via reaction-bonding

AlON-TiC composites were fabricated via a reaction-bonding technique, using Al, Al₂O₃ and TiC powders as the starting materials. A composite sample sintered at 1850 °C after nitriding is highly densified and the Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the sample are about 1751.1 kg/mm² and 5.3 MPa m^1/2, respectively. The composition and microstructure of the sample are characterized by means of XRD and SEM/EDX.     

Microscopy investigation on fracture mechanisms in hot-isostatically pressed Si3N4/SiC-platelet composites

Fracture mechanisms in hot-isostatically pressed (HIP) Si₃N₄/SiC-platelet composites have been investigated by transmission electron (TEM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy followed by profilometric analyses. Two composites containing 25 vol% platelets were compared. They were fabricated from the same raw materials and by the same procedure except for the cooling rate from the sintering temperature. The study consists of experimental observations as well as measurements of fractographic parameters which dictates the level of toughening, such as the percentage of intergranular fracture, lengths and angles associated with the debonding process at the matrix/platelet interface. The presence of microcracking in the neighbourhood of the main crack, a higher fraction of intergranular fracture, as well as substantial debonding at the nitride/carbide interface up to high orientation angles were found in the composite cooled at low rates ( 100°Ch^–1) which, despite the unchanged microstructure, was substantially tougher than that cooled at 650°Ch^–1. These trends were not observed in the composite subjected to fast cooling. The stronger interfacial bonding found after fast cooling under high pressure was attributed to an apparent compressive stress remaining stored at the grain boundary, rather than to a weakening of the platelets or the matrix grains. Calculations based on the mechanics analysis of crack/interface interactions and on quantitative profilometric data, indicated a difference of about one order of magnitude in the apparent interface fracture energy of the two composites.     

Effect of aluminium addition on the combustion reaction of titanium and carbon to form TiC

Aluminium was incorporated into the reactant mixture with a molar ratio of Ti/C of 1.0 to study the effect of its addition on the combustion reaction between titanium and carbon to form TiC. Thermal analysis of the reactant mixture and component analysis of the reaction product suggest that the combustion reaction of the Ti-C-Al system proceeds in such a way that aluminium initially reacts with titanium to form titanium aluminide compounds of TiAl₃, Ti₂Al, and TiAl with heat evolution, and then the reaction between titanium and carbon and the decomposition of titanium aluminide to titanium and aluminium is subsequently followed. As the amount of aluminium incorporated was increased over the range of 0 to 40 wt%, the grain size of TiC decreased from approximately 15 m to 0.4 m. It was also observed that most of the aluminium in the TiC-Al composite was distributed on the surface of the spherical TiC grain.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-pressed SiC-TiC composites

Hot-pressed SiC-TiC composite ceramics with 0–100 wt% TiC have been investigated to determine the effect of composition (amount of TiC) on the elastic modulus, hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness,K _IC. The composites exhibited superior mechanical properties compared to monolithic SiC and TiC, especially in fracture toughness,K _IC, value for 30–50 wt% TiC composite. The maximum values ofK _IC and room-temperature flexural strength were 6 MPa m^1/2 for a 50 wt % TiC and 750 MPa for a 30 wt% TiC composite, respectively. The observed toughening could be attributed to the deflection of cracks due to dispersion of the different particles. Although no third phases were detected by both TEM and XRD studies, an EDAX study and resistivity measurements indicated some possibility of solid solutions being present. The composites containing more than 30 wt% TiC, exhibited resistivity lower than 10^–3 cm which is favourable for electro-discharge machining of ceramics.     

Microstructure and tensile properties of in situ synthesized (TiBw + TiCp)/Ti6242 composites

In the present work, (TiB_w+ TiC_p)/Ti6242 composites were fabricated via common casting and hot-forging technology utilizing the SHS reaction between titanium and B₄C. The XRD technique was used to identify the phases of composites. The microstructures were characterized by means of OM and TEM. Results from DSC and analysis of phase diagram determine solidification paths of in situsynthesized Ti6242 composites as following stages: -Ti primary phase, monovariant binary eutectic -Ti + TiB, invariant ternary eutectic -Ti + TiB + TiC and phase transformation from -Ti to -Ti. In situsynthesized reinforcements are distributed uniformly in titanium matrix alloy. Reinforcement TiB grows in whisker shape whereas TiC grows in globular or near-globular shape. TiB whiskers were made to align the hot-forging direction after hot-forging. The interfaces between reinforcements and Ti matrix alloy are very clean. There is no any interfacial reaction. Moreover, the mechanical properties improved with the addition of TiB whiskers and TiC particles although some reduction in ductility was observed. Fractographic analysis indicated that the composites failed in tension due to reinforcements cracking. The improvements in the composite properties were rationalized using simple micromechanics principles. The strengthening mechanisms are attributed to the following factors: undertaking load of TiB whiskers and TiC particles, high-density dislocations and refinement of titanium matrix alloy's grain size.     

TIC/7075铝基复合材料的磨损实验研究

采用原位反应喷射沉积法制备TiC/7075铝基复合材料,并在销一盘式磨损机损上进行摩擦磨损实验研究.通过TEM观察原位TiC颗粒的分布与形貌,并利用SEM观察沉积态组织磨损表面形貌.结果表明:复合材料的耐磨性和TiC颗粒含量及载荷有关,在低载荷(8.9N)状态下,材料的耐磨性随TiC颗粒含量的增加而增强,在高载荷(26...