CMOS design of a four-quadrant multiplier based on a novel squarer circuit

In this paper a CMOS current-mode analog multiplier circuit based on a novel current-mode squarer circuit is proposed. The circuit is simulated using HSPICE simulator and designed in 0.35 µm standard CMOS technology with ± 1.5 V supply voltage. The simulation results of proposed multiplier for input current range of ±10 μA demonstrate a ?3 dB bandwidth of 24.5 MHz, 475 μW as maximum power consumption, nonlinearity of 1.3 % and a THD of 0.87 % at 1 MHz.     

A resistorless CMOS bandgap reference with low temperature coefficient and high PSRR

A novel bandgap reference (BGR) with low temperature and supply voltage sensitivity without any resistor, which is compatible with standard CMOS process, is presented in this article. The proposed BGR utilises a differential amplifier with an offset voltage proportional to absolute temperature to compensate the temperature drift of emitter–base voltage. Besides, a self-biased current source with feedback is used to provide the bias current of the BGR core for reducing current mirror errors dependent on supply voltage and temperature further. Verification results of the proposed BGR implemented with 0.35?µm CMOS process demonstrate that a temperature coefficient of 10.2?ppm/°C is realised with temperature ranging from ?40°C to 140°C, and a power supply rejection ratio of 58?dB is achieved with a maximum supply current of 27?µA. The active area of the presented BGR is 160?×?140?µm².     

A low power CMOS voltage reference generator with temperature and process compensation

A low power CMOS voltage reference with process compensation is presented in TSMC 0.18-μm standard CMOS technology. Detailed analysis of the process compensation technique is discussed. The circuit is simulated with Spectre. Simulation results show that, without any trimming procedure, the output voltage achieves a maximum deviation of 0.35 % across different process corners. The temperature coefficient of the proposed circuit is 12.7 ppm/°C in a temperature range from ?40 to 85 °C and the line sensitivity is 0.036 mV/V with a supply voltage range from 1.2 to 2.5 V under typical condition. The maximum supply current is 390.4 nA at maximum supply voltage and ?40 °C. The power supply rejection ratio is ?68.3 dB at 100 Hz and 2.5 V without any filtering capacitor.     

±1.5V 1.37×10~(-6)/℃电流模式CMOS带隙基准源的分析与设计

设计了电流模式曲率补偿的CMOS带隙基准源,基本原理是利用两个偏置在不同电流特性下的三极管,得到关于温度的非线性电流,补偿VEB的高阶温度项。用标准的0.6μm CMOS BSIM3v3模型库对该带隙基准源进行了仿真,结果表明在±1.5 V的电源电压下,输出基准电压为-1.418 55 V,-55～125℃较宽的温度范围内,输出电压的变化只有0.35 mV,有效温度系数达到1.37×10-6/℃。同时,带隙基准源具有较高的电源抑制比,在2 kHz下达到73 dB。     

A novel ±0.5 V,high current drive,and rail to rail current operational amplifier

A current operational amplifier (COA) with very high current drive capability is presented in this paper. The principle of operation of this unique structure is discussed, its most important formulas are derived and its outstanding performance is verified by HSPICE simulation in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS, BSIM3, and Level49 technology. Owing to the elaborately arranged components, the proposed circuit demonstrates very high frequency bandwidth, extremely high CMRR, high output impedance, and true rail to rail output voltage swing range while operating at very low power supply of ±0.5 V. The interesting results such as current drive capability of ±1 mA, high output impedance of 5 GΩ, wide gain bandwidth of 220 MHz, extremely high output voltage swing of ±0.45 V, which interestingly provides the highest yet reported output voltage compliance for current mode building blocks implemented by regular CMOS technology, low static power consumption of 159 μW, and very high CMRR of 155 dB is achieved utilizing standard CMOS technology. Full process, voltage, and temperature variation analysis of the circuit is also investigated in order to approve the well robustness of the structure. The transient stepwise and sinusoidal response analysis is also done to verify the proposed COA stability.     

A 1.5 V 12-bit 16 MSPS CMOS Pipelined ADC with 68 dB Dynamic Range

A 1.5 V, 12-bit, 16 MSPS analog-to-digital converter was implemented in 0.25 μm 1P5 M standard CMOS process with MIM capacitors. The converter achieves a peak SNDR of 66.5 dB with 5.12 MSPS and that of 63.0 dB with 16.384 MSPS. The dynamic range is 68 dB under both sampling rates. The maximum INL of ±0.8 LSB and DNL of ±0.5 LSB were measured under 5.12 MSPS, while those of 16.384 MSPS decreased to ±3.1 and ±1.0 LSB, respectively. An embedded bandgap reference circuit that provides the conversion voltage range is also presented with 1.5 V supply voltage. The total power consumption of this converter was 138 mW under 16.384 MSPS or 97 mW under 5.12 MSPS. The total area of this chip is 2.8 × 2.5 mm. This chip was implemented without calibration or trimming approaches.     

A novel 0.84 ppm/°C CMOS curvature-compensated bandgap with 1.2 V supply voltage

This paper proposes a novel CMOS curvature-compensated bandgap reference (BGR) by using a new full compensation technique. The theory behind the proposed full compensation technique is analyzed. The proposed BGR is designed and implemented using 0.15 μm standard CMOS process. Simulation results show that the proposed BGR achieves a temperature coefficient (TC) of 0.84 ppm/°C over the temperature range from −40 °C to 120 °C with a 1.2 V supply voltage. The current consumption of proposed BGR is 51 μA at 27 °C. The line regulation of proposed BGR is 0.023%/V over the supply voltage range from 1.2 V to 1.8 V at 27 °C. In addition, the PSRRs of proposed BGR are −91 dB, −81 dB, −61 dB and −29 dB at DC or 10 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, and 100 kHz, respectively.     

A low-voltage low-power instrumentation amplifier based on supply current sensing technique

In this paper a new low-voltage low-power instrumentation amplifier (IA) is presented. The proposed IA is based on supply current sensing technique where Op-Amps in traditional IA based on this technique are replaced with voltage buffers (VBs). This modification results in a very simplified circuit, robust performance against mismatches and high frequency performance. To reduce the required supply voltage, a low-voltage resistor-based current mirror is used to transfer the input current to the load. The input and output signals are of voltage kind and the proposed IA shows ideal infinite input impedance and a very low output one. PSPICE simulation results, using 0.18 μm TSMC CMOS technology and supply voltage of ±0.9 V, show a 71 dB CMRR and a 85 MHz constant −3 dB bandwidth for differential-mode gain (ranging from 0 dB to 18 dB). The output impedance of the proposed circuit is 1.7 Ω and its power consumption is 770 µW. The method introduced in this paper can also be applied to traditional circuits based on Op-Amp supply current sensing technique.     

An Ultra-Low Power Programmable Current Gain Amplifier with a Novel Current Gain Controller Structure for IoT Applications

In this paper a novel structure is introduced for programming current gain amplifier that works in near subthreshold regime. The flipped voltage follower is utilized to achieve different gain and the subthreshold MOS is using in order to decrease power consumption. Class AB structure is used to attain a wide dynamic range. These techniques are led to achieving low complexity and low area and ultra-low power compare to previous PGA. Moreover, by using the resistor the current is converted to voltage in output node, hence, the voltage gain is achieved simply by using this structure. The post-layout simulation result shows the proposed structure could provide current gain from 0 to 25 dB, while constant bandwidth of 10 MHz. However, the power consumption of the proposed PCGA is only 120 nW with?±?0.6 V supply. These results are verified by the post-simulations of the proposed PCGA that performed by 65 nm standard CMOS technology.

     

一种新型CMOS电流模带隙基准源的设计

设计了一种新型电流模带隙基准源电路和一个3bit的微调电路。该带隙基准源可以输出可调的基准电压和基准电流,避免了在应用中使用运算放大器进行基准电压放大和利用外接高精度电阻产生基准电流的缺点,同时该结构克服了传统电流模带隙基准源的系统失调、输出电压的下限限制以及电源抑制比低等问题。该带隙基准源采用0.5μm CMOS混合信号工艺进行实现,有效面积450μm×480μm;测试结果表明在3 V电源电压下消耗1.5mW功耗,电源抑制比在1 kHz下为72dB,当温度从-40～85°C变化时,基准电压的有效温度系数为30×10-6V/°C。该带隙基准电路成功应用在一款高速高分辨率模数转换器电路中。     

0.5 V CMOS inverter-based tunable transconductor

A new technique for CMOS inverter-based tunable transconductors is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique employs the master–slave approach and offers large transconductance tuning range using a control current. The transconductor was designed using triple-well 0.13 μm CMOS process under the ultra low supply voltage of 0.5 V. The circuit features 37 dB open loop gain, CMRR = 31 dB at each output node, PSRR = 90 dB and GBW = 530 MHz for 120 μA current consumption.     

1.5-6GHz增益和噪声系数稳定的两级超宽带CMOS低噪声放大器设计与性能模拟

 针对UWB应用设计实现了一个1.5-6GHz的两级CMOS低噪声放大器(LNA). 通过引入共栅(CG)和共源(CS)结构以获得宽范围内的输入匹配,采用电流镜和峰化电感进行电流复用,所提出的LNA实现了非常平坦化的功率增益和噪声系数(NF). 经标准0.18μm CMOS工艺实现后,版图后模拟结果表明在1.5-5GHz频率范围内功率增益(S21)为11.45±0.05dB,在2-6GHz频率范围内噪声系数(NF)为5.15±0.05dB,输入损耗(S11)小于-18dB. 在5GHz时,模拟得到的三阶交调点(IIP3)为-7dBm,1dB压缩点为-5dBm.在1.8V电源电压下,LNA消耗6mA的电流,版图实现面积仅为0.62mm^2.     

Erratum to: Using Improved Product-Coded Modulation Codes to Reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio in Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access Systems

A new ultra-wideband common gate low noise amplifier (LNA) for 3–6 GHz WLAN and WPAN applications is presented in which a current reused noise canceling structure utilized in the first stage not only provides a suitable noise performance, but also enhances the linearity characteristics of the LNA in a power efficient manner needed by WLAN/WPAN applications. The overall structure of the proposed LNA, consisting of three stages, namely input matching common gate stage with noise canceling, gain stage, and buffer one, is designed, laid out, and analyzed in 0.18 µm RF CMOS process. The LNA has a noise figure of 3.5–3.6 dB, a high and flat power gain of 20.27 ± 0.13 dB, and input and output losses of better than ?11 and ?14 dB, respectively, over the entire frequency band of 3–5 GHz, while these parameters are 3.5 dB, 20.75 ± 0.25 dB, ?15 and ?9 dB for the frequency band of 5–6 GHz, respectively. IIP2 and IIP3 of the proposed topology are equal to 25.9 and ?1.85 dBm, respectively, at 4 GHz frequency. The proposed LNA has 15.3 mW power dissipation from a 1.8 V supply.     

A high CMRR, class AB, fully differential current output stage

A true class ‘AB’ fully differential current output stage with very high common mode rejection ratio is presented in this study. The operational principle of this unique structure is discussed, its most important formulas are derived and its outstanding performance is verified by SPICE simulation in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS, and Level49 technology. Owing to the elaborately arranged components, the proposed circuit demonstrates very high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR), high slew rate, high current drive capability, high output compliance, and very low power consumption while operating at power supply of ±0.9 V. The interesting results such as current drive capability of ±100 μA, high output voltage swing of ±0.8 V, low static power consumption of 21 μW, and very high CMRR of 84.5 dB is achieved utilizing standard CMOS technology. The performance of circuit at the presence of process and voltage variations evaluated through corner case and Monte Carlo analysis. The harmonic distortion is evaluated to investigate the circuit’s linearity. The transient stepwise response analysis is also done to verify the stability of proposed class ‘AB’ FDCOS.     

A CMOS temperature-independent current reference optimized for mixed-signal applications

A low-drift, high PSRR and high-accuracy CMOS temperature-independent current reference, optimized for mixed-signal applications is presented. The topology is based on bootstrap current references that present a PSRR up to 60 dB, which is required for the proposed applications since they employ circuits where high-frequency switching noise is present. The proposed approach was successfully verified in a standard CMOS 0.35 μm process. The electrical simulations and laboratory measurements confirm that for a power supply between 2.7 V and 3.6 V and temperatures between −40 °C to 80 °C range, the proposed current reference exhibits an accuracy of ±0.5% and a mean relative temperature dependency of 62.5 ppm/°C.     

New Fully‐Differential CMOS Second‐Generation Current Conveyer

This paper presents a new CMOS fully‐differential second‐generation current conveyor (FDCCII). The proposed FDCCII is based on a fully‐differential difference transconductor as an input stage and two class AB output stages. Besides the proposed FDCCII circuit operating at a supply voltage of ± 1.5 V, it has a total standby current of 380 µA. The applications of the FDCCII to realize a variable gain amplifier, fully‐differential integrator, and fully‐differential second‐order bandpass filter are given. The proposed FDCII and its applications are simulated using CMOS 0.35 µm technology.     

Design a novel 5.8 GHz wideband low noise amplifier in CMOS technology for WLAN applications

A novel complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) low noise amplifier (LNA) was designed in this paper for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications in the 5.8?GHz ISM band. The LNA presents low voltage and low power dissipation design integrated in TSMC 0.18?µm standard CMOS technology and achieves a gain of 15.2?dB, a noise figure of 2.5?dB and an IIP3 of ?6.5?dBm with input return loss ?38.5?dB, output return loss of ?46.1?dB while dissipating just 4.96 mW from a 1V supply voltage.     

A 0.6V 44.6 ppm/ºC subthreshold CMOS voltage reference with wide temperature range and inherent leakage compensation

In this paper, a 0.6 V subthsheshold CMOS voltage reference (CVR) achieving wide temperature range and high power supply ripple rejection (PSRR) is presented. The proposed CVR structure can compensate the high temperature leakage and current mirror induced mismatches so as to increase the operating temperature range. The generated reference voltage of the proposed CVR circuit is the threshold voltage difference of two NMOS transistors, leading to relatively small variations. Moreover, the enhanced current source helps achieve high PSRR. The proposed CVR circuit is implemented in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS technology. Measurement results show that, with one single trimming, a mean output of 344 mV with standard deviation of only 2.89 mV and average TC of 44.6 ppm/°C over a wide temperature range from −40 °C to 125 °C is achieved. The measured PSRR is −68 dB, −52 dB and −52 dB at 10 Hz, 100 kHz and 10 MHz, respectively. The measured line sensitivity (LS) is 0.06%/V with a power supply from 0.6 V to 2 V while consuming 19.8  nW at 0.6 V supply. The active area is 0.019 mm².     

A fully-differential OTA based on CMOS cascode inverters operating from 1-V power supply

A low voltage operating fully-differential CMOS OTA construction, which uses dual-input CMOS cascode inverters, is proposed. The OTA is a two-stage configuration with dual-input CMOS cascode inverters at the input stage, and traditional CMOS inverters in the output stage, with a common-mode feedback path from the output terminals to one of the input terminals of cascode inverters. In order to effectively reduce its threshold voltages by bulk bias technique, the OTA has been designed and fabricated by using a 0.15 μm triple-well CMOS process. The OTA successfully operated from 1-V power supply, with 59 dB of differential voltage gain, 80.9 dB of CMRR and 25 MHz of unity gain frequency, at 60 μA of current consumption.     

一种高精度低温漂带隙基准源设计

基于TSMC40nmCMOS工艺设计了一种高精度带隙基准电路。采用Spectre工具仿真,结果表明,带隙基准输出电压在温度为-40—125℃的范围内具有10×10^-6／℃的温度系数,在电源电压在1．5-5．5V变化时,基准输出电压随电源电压变化仅为0．42mV,变化率为0．23mv／V,采用共源共栅电流镜后,带隙基准在低频下的电源电压抑制比为-72dB。