隐含训练序列信道估计中的功率分配

与传统时分发送训练序列的信道估计算法相比,隐含训练序列信道估计算法将训练序列与信息序列直接相加后通过天线发送,从而节约了信道带宽。然而,在天线发送总功率一定时,训练序列的功率越大,信息序列的功率便越小,从而导致信道均衡器的信噪比减小。本文研究了基于MIMO系统的隐含训练序列信道估计算法,分析了信道均衡器信噪比与训练序列功率的关系,并根据均衡器信噪比最大原则推导出训练序列与信息序列的最佳功率分配。分析和仿真结果表明:在训练序列的最佳功率点上,信道均衡器的信噪比最高;随着接收天线信噪比的增加,训练序列的最佳功率增大。     

基于叠加训练序列的MIMO-OFDM信道估计

为能够估计出MIMO-OFDM系统的信道状态信息(CSI)又能充分利用系统频谱资源,提出了一种基于叠加训练序列的信道估计算法。该算法即将非随机训练序列叠加于信息序列之上,利用训练序列与信息序列的不相关特性,在没有带宽损失的情况下估计出信道参数。并对估计的均方误差性能进行了分析,讨论了训练序列的优化方案。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

叠加训练序列OFDM系统的一种迭代信道估计方法

在瑞利多径衰落信道中，针对叠加训练序列正交频分复用系统的迭代接收机，提出了一种迭代信道估计方法．在迭代译码开始前，利用与数据符号同时发送的训序列得到信道估计初始值，并在每次迭代后利用更新的码字比特先验信息估计接收信号中的数据符号，计算更准确的信道估计值．理论分析给出了每次迭代后的信道估计值的均方误差性能．在多径衰落信道中，通过计算机仿真验证了该迭代信道估计方法的有效性和可靠性。     

基于直接判决和导频跟踪的OFDM系统快时变信道估计

提出了一种基于直接判决的OFDM系统的快时变信道估计方法。采用了直接判决算法进行信道估计，并从中选择有效的估计结果，联合导频信号进行信道跟踪。将基于训练序列的信道估计结果作为直接判决算法的初始值，利用传输信号直接判决的统计特性进行了信道估计，并利用改进的导频算法进一步地跟踪信道在时间上的变化。Simulink仿真结果表明，该估计算法适用于时变信道，比基于导频的信道估计方法和基于训练序列的信道估计方法效果都要好。     

基于训练序列的MIMO信道估计

提出了一种基于隐训练序列的多输入多输出通信系统的信道估计方法,利用训练序列与信息序列的不相关特性,在没有带宽损失的情况下估计出信道参数。给出了信道估计算法,并对估计的均方误差性能进行了分析,讨论了隐训练序列的优化方案。与以往的隐训练序列估计方法比较,本算法不受接收端直流偏移的限制,且有更低的估计均方误差。计算机仿真结果表明了该估计方法的有效性。     

IDMA系统中基于序列叠加信道估计的功率分配方法

本文在序列叠加信道估计研究的基础上,以交织多址接入系统为模型,利用导频训练序列与信息序列不相关的特性在接收端估计出信道状态信息,并采用最大化有效信噪比的方法给出了训练序列与信息序列的最优功率分配策略.此外,本文讨论了不同统计特性的训练序列对信道估计性能的影响以及估计误差对信道容量的影响,通过仿真研究验证了相关的理论分析,并说明了本文功率分配算法较其它分配策略更有利于提高系统性能.     

MIMO相关信道估计中训练序列的最优结构和最佳长度

针对存在空域相关性的多输入多输出（Multiple—Input Multiple—Output，MIMO）信道，首先设计了适用于任何给定长度的最优训练序列，该序列能够充分利用已知的信道相关信息，且具有估计均方误差最小化的特性．在此基础上，分析了相关信道下采用训练估计的数据传输机制所能达到的容量下界，得出了满足估计准确性和数据速率最优折中的最佳训练序列长度．最后，通过仿真验证了本文给出的训练序列的性能和最佳长度取值的有效性。     

叠加弱能量训练序列信道估计方法

本文提出了一种利用叠加弱能量的周期训练序列进行信道估计的线性最小均方误差(LMMSEE)算法.该方法不需要信道先验信息、不占用宝贵的带宽资源、计算量比常规LS方法更低.理论分析和计算机仿真表明:在训练序列周期比信道冲击响应长度大时,在较低的信噪比下,利用LMMSEE方法估计信道性能比LS方法更佳.     

垂直分层空时码系统下的信道盲估计

对垂直分层空时码系统进行信道估计时，常需采用训练序列，发射天线个数的增加会使得所需的训练符号个数增加，减少了传输数据的有效时间。本文将信号处理中的子空间方法同分层空时码的编码结构相结合，提出了一种垂直分层空时码，实现了无需训练序列的信道估计。Monte Carlo仿真结果表明，在相干时间允许的范围内，利用本文算法估计出的信道进行信号检测时，其性能十分接近使用准确信道信息的检测结果。     

一种基于直接判决的OFDM快衰落信道估计新方法

为了解决正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing，OFDM）无线局域网信道估计和跟踪问题，采用直接判决算法进行信道估计，并从中选择可靠的估计结果，结合导频信号进行信道跟踪。将基于训练序列的信道估计结果作为直接判决算法的初始值，利用传输信号直接判决的统计特性进行信道估计，并利用改进的导频算法进一步跟踪信道在时间上的变化。Simulink仿真结果表明，该算法优于基于导频的信道估计方法和基于训练序列的信道估计方法。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks