热型连铸Cu-Cr合金铸态下的组织与性能

用热型连铸法制备过共晶Cu-Cr合金线．探讨了其在铸态下的微观组织形态、力学性能和导电性能。结果表明：随着含Cr量的增加，Cu-Cr合金的抗拉强度增加，拉铸速度增加，Cu-Cr合金的导电性增加。     

Microstructure of directionally solidified Cu-Cr composites

Cu-Cr composites were prepared by self-made directional solidification equipment with the high temperature gradient and double-zone heating. The microstructural evolution was investigated during the directional solidification with the different solidification rate for Cu-1.0%Cr, Cu-1.7%Cr and Cu-5.6%Cr alloys, respectively. It is shown that for the hypoeutectic Cu-1.0%Cr alloy, the general microstructures consist of primary α(Cu) phase and the rod-like or needle-like (α β) eutectics, and for the hypereutectic Cu-1. 7%Cr and Cu-5.6%Cr alloys, α(Cu)phase, primary β(Cr) phase and (α β) eutectics coexist. With the increase of the solidification rate, the morphology evolution of every phase is that, 1st cellular(dendrite) of α(Cu) phase thins and cellular(dendrite) spacing shortens gradually, (α β) eutectics set in α(Cu) cellular or dendrite, and primary β(Cr) phase distributes unevenly on α (Cu) matrix, whose morphology undergoes the change from dendrite to particle.     

自生复合Cu-Cr合金的制备方法研究

本文综述了现有几种制取高强度高电导铜合金的方法,并与基于定向凝固的白生复合材料方法进行比较。指出,基于定向凝固的自生复合材料由于充分利用了铜基体的高电导性和第二相的强化作用,同时避免了人工复合材料中相界面处的润湿及化学反应等问题,因而在制备高强度高电导铜材料方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

热型连铸Cu-Cr合金的组织和性能

用热型连铸法制备过共晶Cu-2.03%Cr合金线,探讨了其在铸态下的微观组织形态、力学性能以及其电导率与热处理时间、温度的关系。结果表明:Cu-2.03%Cr合金具有良好的综合力学性能和导电性能;热处理后电导率显著的增加。     

快速凝固高强高导Cu-Cr合金的性能

采用单辊旋铸快速凝固技术制备了Cu-0.6～5.0Cr(原子分数,%)合金条带,对铸态及时效处理后的合金性能(包括电特性和显微硬度)进行了研究.结果表明快凝铸态合金经过适当的时效处理后,可以在保持较高的电导率的前提下,显著提高其硬度.还在Matthiessen假设的基础上,对快凝工艺和时效工艺对合金的电特性的影响进行了分析和讨论,依据合金强化机理对合金硬度进行了分析.     

In-situ observation of porosity formation during directional solidification of Al-Si casting alloys

In-situ observation of porosity formation during directional solidification of two Al-Si alloys (7%Si and 13%Si) was made by using of micro-focus X-ray imaging.In both alloys,small spherical pores initially form in the melt far away from the eutectic solid-liquid (S/L) interface and then grow and coagulate during solidification.Some pores can float and escape from the solidifying melt front at a relatively high velocity.At the end of solidification,the remaining pores maintain spherical morphology in the ne...     

凝固模式对Gasar多孔Cu-Cr合金结构及组织影响

在0.6 MPa纯H2气氛中,采用金属/H2共晶定向凝固(Gasar)技术制备得到Gasar多孔Cu-x Cr合金。研究了Cr含量、凝固模式以及凝固速率对Gasar多孔合金气孔结构和显微组织的影响。结果表明,当合金以平面、胞状及柱状枝晶凝固时,Gasar多孔Cu-x Cr合金能获得定向生长气孔。当凝固方式转变为等轴枝晶凝固时,定向生长气孔发生中断。Gasar多孔Cu-x Cr合金(x=0.8%、1.3%)气孔在共晶相前沿析出,与共晶组织协同定向生长。随Cr含量增加,共晶组织体积百分比增加,孔隙率和孔圆整度进一步增加;随多孔Cu-1.3 Cr合金试样凝固高度增加,凝固速率下降,界面生长方式转变为等轴晶生长方式,则无法得到定向生长气孔。     

热型连铸锌铝合金定向凝固线材的组织分析

对热型连铸锌铝合金定向凝固线材的铸态及热处理组织进行了观察、分析和讨论。结果表明：热型连铸锌铝合金线材的显微组织为定向生长的平行柱状枝晶组织;共晶合金ZA5的枝状共晶的每个枝晶都由多层片状共晶β 和η两相构成,过共晶合金的组织为初生树枝晶和枝晶间共晶组织,其中ZA8,ZA12初生相为β相,ZA22和ZA27的初生相是α相。     

Zn-Al合金热型连铸定向凝固的晶体生长机理

对热型连铸条件下Zn-Al系列合金引锭时的晶体形核和随后的本的竞争生长过程进行了探讨,组织观察表明,单向热流条件下引锭端部生核的晶粒当其枝晶择优生长方向与热流方向一致时才能生长,其它取向的晶粒逐渐被淘汰,合金的凝固特性对选晶过程有极大的影响,ZA5和ZA8合金由于凝固范围窄,晶体直接由引锭端部的晶粒通过竞争生长获得柱状晶组织,ZA12,ZA22和ZA27含Al量高,凝固范围宽,其平行柱状晶组织是从引锭端部的等轴晶区发展而来的。     

Modeling for thermal contact resistance of frictional interface under high temperature and high pressure

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低合金钢齿轮铸造工艺改进

分析了低合金钢齿轮铸件原工艺存在的问题,通过改进工艺方案,合理设计浇注系统、冒口及其补贴,实现顺序凝固;通过加强质量控制,包括热节部位采用铬铁矿砂,砂芯内部采用石灰石砂,热割冒口等工艺措施,成功地获得了表面质量良好的齿轮铸件。     

热型连铸锌铝合金的缺陷形成与机理

对5种典型锌铝合金在热型连铸工艺条件下的连续定向凝固进行了研究, 探讨该工艺下锌铝合金线材表面缺陷的产生机理, 并对部分缺陷的组织结构进行了显微分析. 结果表明 只有金属液压头、型口温度、拉铸速度和冷却条件诸工艺参数在一定范围内的协调配合, 才能拉铸出表面光滑的锌铝合金线材. 不合理的工艺参数将导致热裂、表面粗糙、糊状型口和拉漏等缺陷. 固液两相区的形状和位置对上述缺陷的形成有重要影响, 当固液两相区位于型口或型内时, 凝固界面将向型内凸入, 如果剩余液体不能抵消凝固收缩, 就会出现表面粗糙; 若凝固界面深入型内较多, 则使型内凝固的铸锭摩擦力过大, 形成热裂; 固液两相区移至型外, 凝固界面将变成平面, 容易发生拉漏.     

下引连铸Cu-Ag合金拉拔过程中组织与性能演变

采用下引连铸工艺制备了d 11 mm Cu-4%Ag合金棒坯,棒坯具有高轴向取向柱状晶组织,表面质量良好,断后伸长率达到35.0%,可直接进行拉拔加工成d 0.04 mm微细丝,无中间退火的累积冷变形量达99.998%。拉拔过程中,在一般变形阶段,棒材变形机制为位错滑移,形成了较多的位错胞,晶内发生微区晶体转动,随应变量增大,剪切变形程度加剧,晶内形成了较多的切变带;在大变形阶段,通过各种动态回复机制如纳米孪晶、位错墙的亚晶化,层状界面,实现大塑性变形。随着变形量的增加,棒材的抗拉强度和硬度分别由铸态的245 MPa和63.4 HV增加至变形量99.7%时的655 MPa和187 HV,而导电率由90.3% IACS则降低至82.2% IACS。上述下引连铸-连续拉拔加工方式制备Cu-Ag合金微细丝材具有短流程、高效率的优势,提供了新的思路。     

离心铸造Mg2Si和Si自生增强的锌基合金复合材料

采用热模金属型工艺，离心铸造白生增强的Zn-27Al-6．3Mg-3．7Si合金复合材料。研究结果表明；该合金内层聚集大量块状初生Mg2Si、少量块状初生Si，中层不含初生Mg2Si和初生Si，外层含少量初生Mg2Si和初生Si；Zn-27Al-6．3Mg-3．7Si合金在凝固过程中，先后经历了初生Si和初生Mg2Si的析出、富Al的固溶Zn相析出、Mg—Zn化合物的析出，以及发生三元或四元共晶反应；初生Mg2Si和初生Si的位置、数量和分布决定于其内浮速度和离心力场作用下的凝固速度；含有初生Mg2Si和初生Si的内层和外层比中层具有更高的硬度和耐磨性。     

Numerical simulation of solidification morphologies of Cu-0.6Cr casting alloy using modified cellular automaton model

The purpose of this study is to predict the morphologies in the solidification process for Cu-0.6Cr (mass fraction, %) alloy by vacuum continuous casting (VCC) and verify its accuracy by the observed experimental results. In numerical simulation aspect, finite difference (FD) method and modified cellular automaton (MCA) model were used to simulate the macro-temperature field, micro-concentration field, nucleation and grain growth of Cu-0.6Cr alloy using real data from actual casting operations. From the observed casting experiment, the preliminary grain morphologies are the directional columnar grains by the VCC process. The solidification morphologies by MCAFD model are in agreement with the result of actual casting experiment well.     

Fabrication of an in-situ nano-Al2O3／Cu composite with high strength and high electric conductivity

A heat-resistant dispersion-strengthening nano-Al2O3/Cu composite with high strength and high electric conductivity was fabricated in a multiplex medium. The internal oxidation product, microstructures and properties of the composite,and the process flow were systematically studied. It is confirmed that this new technique simplifies the process and improves the properties of the composite. X-ray analysis indicates that the alumina particles formed during internal oxidation consist of a large mount of γ-Al2O3 and a certain amount of θ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3. TEM observation shows that the obtained γ-Al2O3 nano-particles are uniformly distributed in the copper grains; their mean size and space between particles are 7 nm and 30 nm, respectively. The main properties of the composite with 50% cold deformation are as follows: the electric conductivity is 51 MS/m (87%IACS), σo= 628 MPa, and the hardness is HRB86. After annealing at 1273 K, all or most of the above properties remain, and the microstructures are still dependent on elongated fiber-form grains.     

Tribological behavior of high specific strength PTFE-Al alloy composite

Solid lubricants lead to substantial weight savings relative to the use of liquid lubricant, especially in the weight-conscious aerospace industry. A new PTFE-Al alloy composite（A） containing 60% area proportion of PTFE composite was developed. Another type of common metal-plastics multilayer composite, also called DU, was selected for a comparative investigation. Friction and wear tests were carried out in an oscillating sliding tribotester in air at an oscillating frequency of 0.13 Hz and contact mean pressures from 10 to 80 MPa. The composites slid against a 38CrMoAlA steel shaft. The results show that the composite A exhibits low coefficient of dry sliding friction less than 0.1 and long wear life of 2 000 m. This is because the composite A can provide a sufficient solid lubrication during the whole tests. SEM examination of the transfer films for the composite A confirms that uniform, thin and coherent transfer films are prerequisites for low friction and good wear resistance.     

Continuous and directional solidification technology of titanium alloys with cold crucible

The experiments of continuous and directional solidification of titanium alloys with cold crucible were carried out in a multifunctional electromagnetic cold crucible apparatus. Parameters and factors influencing the surface crack and macrostructure of titanium alloy ingots were studied. The mechanism of the parameters and factors influencing the surface crack and macrostructure of the ingots were interpreted. The results show that the surface cracks of the prepared ingots decrease with the increase of the input power from 50 to 60 kW or with the increase of the coil turns from 3 to 5 circles. The surface cracks increase with the increase of withdrawal velocity from 3 to 5 mm/min or the height of the primer from 2 to 3 cm, then decrease with the increase of withdrawal velocity from 5 to 8.7 rnm/min or the height of the primer from 3 to 4 cm. Coil turns is the most important one in all parameters effect on the surface crack, the input power is more important, then the withdrawal velocity is important and the height of the primer is the least important. Withdrawal velocity is the most important factor affecting the macrostructure, and effects of other factors on maerostructure is slight. With the decrease of velocity from 8.7 to 0.5 mm/min, the quantity of grains reduces, the grain orientation degree becomes small, and the solidification fronts change from concave to plane to convex. The ingot can be directional solidified at velocity of 1 mm/min. The ingot with free surface crack and directional macrostructure is prepared under definite conditions.     

高强高导铜合金合金化机理

通过对Cu-Cr-Zr系和Cu-Fe-P-Ag系两种高强高导铜合金框架材料合金成分的分析, 获得如下结论 1) 利用双相析出强化, 可以改善析出相的形态和析出过程, 也是获得高强高导铜合金的有效途径; 2) 固溶0.1%Ag元素, 通过Ag元素与其他固溶元素的交互作用, 减少基体内对导电率影响较大的元素溶入, 可改善材料的导电性和强度; 3) 通过对Cu-Fe-P-Ag系合金成分的分析, 提出了铜合金多元固溶体微观畸变累积假说, 利用此假说, 可有效地指导高强高导铜合金基体成分设计.