纳米碳材料增强铅基阳极在锌电积中的电化学行为

锌电积作为湿法炼锌的重要环节,其阳极析氧电位对于节能降耗和提高产品质量极为重要。基于纳米碳材料的析氧催化活性,本文分别研究了典型的0维、1维和2维等6种碳纳米材料作为催化增强相制备铅基复合阳极,并在模拟锌电积条件下通过循环伏安曲线、阳极极化、交流阻抗测试以及耐蚀测试比较了复合阳极的电化学行为。纳米碳材料作为增强相掺杂金属铅形成的金属基复合材料表现出优异的析氧电催化活性,其在500A/m2恒电流极化条件下,稳定电位较纯铅低96mV以上。2维碳材料电化学催化性能不如0维碳材料,1维材料性能最佳,1维材料表面修饰官能团或者负载功能颗粒后,电催化性能有显著提升。     

Pb-0.3%Ag/Pb-CeO2复合阳极材料电化学性能

采用双脉冲电沉积,在Pb-0.3%Ag(质量分数,下同)合金基体表面制备了Pb-0.3%Ag/Pb-CeO2复合阳极材料,研究了不同正向脉冲平均电流密度(2~5 A·dm-2)和镀液中CeO2颗粒浓度(0~20 g/L)下制备的复合阳极材料电化性能,在50 g·L-1 Zn2+,150 g·L-1 H2SO4,35℃溶液中测试了阳极极化曲线、循环伏安曲线和塔菲尔曲线,获得了析氧动力学参数、伏安电荷、腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流。结果表明:在正向脉冲平均电流密度为3 A/dm2和镀液中CeO2颗粒浓度为15 g/L下制备的Pb-0.3%Ag/Pb-CeO2复合阳极材料在[ZnSO4+H2SO4]溶液中具有较高的电催化活性,较低的析氧过电位,较好的电极反应可逆性和耐腐蚀性。在[ZnSO4+H2SO4]溶液中,复合阳极材料在测试电流密度500 A/m2下的析氧过电位为1.134V,比Pb-1%Ag合金降低37 mV;腐蚀电流为1.97×10-4 A,明显低于Pb-1%Ag合金,表现出了良好的耐腐蚀性能。     

A Database Approach for Predicting and Monitoring Baked Anode Properties

The baked anode quality control strategy currently used by most carbon plants based on testing anode core samples in the laboratory is inadequate for facing increased raw material variability. The low core sampling rate limited by lab capacity and the common practice of reporting averaged properties based on some anode population mask a significant amount of individual anode variability. In addition, lab results are typically available a few weeks after production and the anodes are often already set in the reduction cells preventing early remedial actions when necessary. A database approach is proposed in this work to develop a soft-sensor for predicting individual baked anode properties at the end of baking cycle. A large historical database including raw material properties, process operating parameters and anode core data was collected from a modern Alcoa plant. A multivariate latent variable PLS regression method was used for analyzing the large database and building the soft-sensor model. It is shown that the general low frequency trends in most anode physical and mechanical properties driven by raw material changes are very well captured by the model. Improvements in the data infrastructure (instrumentation, sampling frequency and location) will be necessary for predicting higher frequency variations in individual baked anode properties. This paper also demonstrates how multivariate latent variable models can be interpreted against process knowledge and used for real-time process monitoring of carbon plants, and detection of faults and abnormal operation.     

Pb-Co阳极在含氯硫酸电解液中的电化学行为

采用粉末冶金法制备了不同Co含量(0.5%,1.0%,2.0%,质量分数)的Pb-Co阳极,并与传统的Pb-Ca-Sn阳极进行了对比试验。通过电化学测试研究了阳极在160 g/L H₂SO₄、500 mg/L Cl^-电解液中的电化学行为,研究了恒电流极化72 h后阳极氧化层的物相组成、表面形貌和元素分布。随着Co含量的增加,Pb-Co阳极的电位、电荷传递电阻和析氧过电位逐渐降低。恒电流极化72 h后,Pb-2%Co阳极的析氧过电位比Pb-Ca-Sn阳极低101 mV。此外,在Cl-的存在下,电荷传递得到改善,析氧反应受到抑制,阳极氧化层恶化。     

MEASUREMENT OF ANODIC OVERVOLTAGE BY AMODIFIED CURRENT INTERRUPTION METHOD IN CRYOLITE-ALUMINA MELTS

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｉｃｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆａｌｕｍｉｎｉｕｍ，ｔｈｅｃｅｌｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆａｃａｒｂｏｎａｎｏｄｅａｎｄａｎａｌｕｍｉｎｉｕｍｍｅｔａｌｃａｔｈｏｄｅ．Ｔｈｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｐｏｔｅｎｔ...     

AlF3添加剂和焙烧温度对铝电解炭阳极过电位的影响

在实验室制备各类AlF3掺杂试验阳极，在测试其基本物理化学性能的基础上，采用“改进断电流法”进行阳极过电位测试，研究AlF3添加剂和阳极焙烧温度对阳极过电位的影响。结果表明：在一定条件下，阳极中添加AlF3既可降低阳极的空气／CO2反应活性，也可降低阳极过电位；受高温脱S等因素的影响，阳极的电化学活性及其空气／CO2反应活性并未随着焙烧温度的提高相应降低。     

Pilot study of mechanism of property-modified anode in aluminum electrolysis

1　INTRODUCTIONAluminummetallurgyadoptsthemethodofhightemperaturemeltsaltelectrolysisdevelopedonehun dredyearsago .Intheprocessofresearchanddevel opmentinthisfield ,physicalchemistry ,electro chemistry ,materialscience ,roboticizedtechnologyandsoonwerecombinedwithaluminummetallurgytechniques,makingthebasicprincipleoftheHall Heroultprocessbeingmoredeeplyrealizedbypeople .Furthermore ,thistechnologywasdevelopedcon stantlyandbecamemoreandmoreperfectinordertofurthersaveenergy ,reducerawmateri…     

含锂盐阳极中Li2CO3在铝电解温度下的存在形式

通过对烧结后含锂盐炭阳极糊的红外光谱、Ｘ 射线衍射和热分析研究表明, 在铝电解的温度和条件下, 炭阳极中的Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３ 仅少量分解且仍是其主要存在形式。由于碳的存在使Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３ 的分解率大大降低, 使其分解温度大大高于文献报道的Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３ 的热分解温度。     

Preparation and performance of 3D-Pb anodes for nonferrous metals electrowinning in H2SO4 aqueous solution

The effects of Pb²⁺ concentration, current density, deposition time and temperature on Pb deposit structure were investigated. In lower Pb²⁺ concentration (∼0.15 mol/L), carambola-like 3D-Pb structure was constructed, while in higher Pb²⁺ concentration (≥0.30 mol/L), Pb deposits exhibited pyramid-like structure. Furthermore, the oxide layer and anodic potential of carambola-shaped 3D-Pb (Cara-Pb) and pyramid-shaped 3D-Pb (Pyra-Pb) anodes were investigated and compared with those of fresh Pb anode. After 72 h galvanostatic electrolysis (50 mA/cm²) in 160 g/L H₂SO₄ solution, the oxide layer on Pyra-Pb was much thicker than that on Cara-Pb and Pb anodes, which remarkably relieved intercrystalline corrosion of the metallic substrate. Additionally, the oxide layer on Pyra-Pb anode presented a larger surface area and higher PbO₂ content. Hence, Pyra-Pb anode showed a 40 mV lower anodic potential compared to Cara-Pb and Pb anodes. In sum, Pyra-Pb anode had a potential to decrease energy consumption and prolong the life span of traditional Pb anode.     

聚苯胺对锌电积用复合惰性阳极材料电化学性能的影响(英文)

为了寻找一种可以替代锌电积用 Pb-Ag 合金的阳极材料,通过 PANI(聚苯胺)、WC(碳化钨)颗粒与 Pb2+的双脉冲电沉积,在 Al 合金基体上制备了 Al/Pb-PANI-WC 复合惰性阳极材料。测试了镀液中不同 PANI 浓度下制备的惰性阳极材料的阳极极化曲线、循环伏安曲线和塔菲尔极化曲线,采用扫描电镜考察复合惰性阳极材料的微观组织特征。结果表明:当将制备镀液中 PANI 浓度控制在 20 g/L 时,Al/Pb-PANI-WC 复合惰性阳极材料的微观组织和成分分布均匀,在含 50 g/L Zn2+、150 g/L H2SO4的 35 °C锌电积液中具有较高的电催化活性、较好的电极反应可逆性和耐腐蚀性,在电流密度 500 A/m2和 1000 A/m2下的析氧过电位与 Pb-1%Ag 合金相比分别降低了 185 mV 和 166 mV。     

碳烟颗粒掺杂铅基复合阳极的制备及电化学性能研究

本文采用一种快速、低成本的方法制得纳米碳材料-碳烟颗粒(C_H),并通过粉末冶金和机械合金化技术制备出铅/碳烟颗粒(Pb/C_H)复合阳极材料,利用纳米碳材料高比表面积和高催化活性等优点,提高铅基阳极的析氧电催化性。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、循环伏安曲线(CV)和线性扫描伏安曲线(LSV)等测试进行表征。C_H呈疏松的球链状,具有丰富的羰基和羟基功能团,是良好的电子和质子传递载体。随着C_H含量增加, Pb/C_H复合阳极的析氧超电位降低。Pb/1.5 wt.% C_H复合阳极与纯Pb和传统Pb/0.75 wt.% Ag阳极相比,其表观交换电流密度分别提高3和2个数量级。在模拟锌电积条件下,其析氧电位低于铅银合金阳极20 mV,较纯铅阳极降低133 mV,具有优异的析氧电催化活性。     

Improving anode performances of lithium-ion capacitors employing carbon-Si composites

The lithium-ion capacitor is a promising energy storage system with a higher energy density than traditional supercapacitors.However,its cycling and rate performances,which depend on the electrochemical properties of the anode,are still required to be improved.In this work,soft carbon anodes reinforced using carbon-Si composites of various compositions were fabricated to investigate their beneficial influences on the performance of lithium-ion capacitors.The results showed that the specific capacities of the anodes increased significantly by 16.6 mAh g~(-1) with 1.0 wt% carbon-Si composite,while the initial discharge efficiency barely changed.The specific capacity of the anode with a 10.0 wt% carbon-Si composite reached 513.1 mAh g~(-1),and the initial discharge efficiency was 83.79%.Furthermore,the anodes with 7.5 wt% or lower amounts of carbon-Si composite demonstrated reduced charge transfer resistances,which caused an improvement in the rate performance of the lithium-ion capacitors.Moreover,the use of the optimized amount(7.5 wt%) of carbon-Si composite in the anode could significantly improve the cycling performance of the lithium-ion capacitor by compensating the consumption of active lithium.The capacity retention of the lithium-ion capacitor reached 95.14% at 20 C after 10,000 cycles,while the anode potential remained below 0.412 V,which is much lower than that of a soft carbon anode.     

Al／Pb-Ag阳极在锌电积过程中的阳极行为和微观结构

采用循环伏安曲线（CV）和电化学交流阻抗谱（EIS）研究Pb-0.8%Ag 和Al/Pb-0.8%Ag阳极在最初24 h锌电积过程中的阳极行为和析氧动力学。结果表明：2种阳极材料在阳极极化过程中的阳极行为和动力学的多种变化表明阳极表面膜的形成和稳定。与传统的Pb-0.8%Ag阳极相比,Al/Pb-0.8%Ag阳极具有较长的极化时间。在最初的电积过程中,阳极表面中间产物的转变使2种阳极都表现出较高的析氧电位。随着析氧电位降低,析氧反应速率可以由阳极表面最初的生成物和中间产物S-OHads推断。随着电积的持续进行,Al/Pb-0.8%Ag阳极的析氧电位逐渐降低,Al/Pb-0.8%Ag阳极比Pb-0.8%Ag 阳极先达到稳定状态。电积24 h后,阳极电位由阳极表面的生成物和中间产物控制。采用扫描电子显微镜观察Al/Pb-0.8%Ag 和Pb-0.8%Ag阳极锌电积24 h后的微观形貌。     

浸渍压密石油焦基预焙阳极块结构与性能研究

本文主要研究了浸渍压密石油焦对预焙阳极块结构与性能的影响.结果表明:以浸渍压密石油焦为骨料制备预焙阳极块时.可以提高试样的体积密度、耐压强度,降低试样的电阻率和显气孔率.浸渍压密石油焦基预焙阳极块试样的理化性能显著优于普通石油焦基、压密石油焦基预焙阳极块试样的理化性能.     

Industrial testing of property-modified prebaked carbon anode for aluminum electrolysis

1　INTRODUCTIONInaluminumelectrolysis process ,thequantitygradeofcarbonanoderestrictsnotonlytheimprove mentofproductiontechniques ,butalsotheadvance mentofproductiontargets.Formany years ,largenumberofresearchesweredonetoimprovethephysi cal,chemicalandelectrochemicalperformanceoftheanodeinordertoenhancecurrentefficiency ,reduceenergyconsumption ,decrease productioncostandcleancircumstanceofaluminum plantanditssur roundingarea .Recently ,manylaboratoryresearchresultsweresuccessfullyappliedf…     

东海大桥钢管桩在役牺牲阳极性能分析及剩余寿命评定

通过对东海大桥钢管桩在役牺牲阳极现场取样,观察其腐蚀形貌,系统分析阳极本体化学成分及其电化学性能,推算牺牲阳极的消耗量及剩余寿命。结果表明:受海水电阻率变化影响,不同桥墩处阳极表观及溶解度差异较大;阳极化学成分、开路电位及工作电位仍满足GB/T 4948-2002标准要求,但电流效率有所降低;根据阳极实际消耗率测算其使用寿命满足33a的设计要求。     

海底输油管线牺牲阳极用Al合金的选材研究

通过常温、中温海泥中的恒电流电化学性能,短期及 长时间试验,阳极自耦合放电,阳极表面溶解的宏观及微观分析,以及阳极极化曲线测试, 为某油田找到了一种性能优良适合海底管线阴极保护用的Al牺牲阳极(WPT2阳极).     

铁基牺牲阳极对17-4PH不锈钢的阴极保护

采用两种铁基牺牲阳极材料 (20CrMo和40CrMo) 对17-4PH不锈钢进行阴极保护,通过恒电流实验和自放电实验评估这两种牺牲阳极的保护效果,并用扫描电镜 (SEM) 和能谱 (EDS) 分析17-4PH阴极实验后的表面形态和元素成分。结果表明：两种牺牲阳极对17-4PH不锈钢均有500 mV左右的驱动电位。20CrMo牺牲阳极具有比40CrMo更负的工作电位、更大的电流效率,20CrMo牺牲阳极表面均匀腐蚀。经过20CrMo阳极保护的17-4PH阴极表面形成的氧化产物含量更少。20CrMo对17-4PH不锈钢的保护效果更好。     

钛基Ru-La-Sn涂层阳极的电催化性能

利用热分解法制备了不同La含量的钛基Ru-La-Sn涂层阳极，通过开路电位测试、循环伏安测试、阳极极化曲线测试和电化学交流阻抗谱测试研究了所制备涂层的电催化活性，并用扫描电镜对涂层阳极的表面形貌进行了观察。测试结果表明，制备温度对涂层阳极的表面形貌有很大影响，在涂层阳极中引入La可以提高涂层阳极的电催化活性，且La引入的最佳值为0．2(摩尔分数)。Ru-La-Sn涂层阳极电催化性能提高的原因在于La的引入可以增加涂层的有效活性表面积。     

提高KF-AlF3-Al2O3熔体中Cu-Al基阳极的耐腐蚀性

采用恒电流和动电位极化技术研究经预氧化的和未经预氧化的Cu-Al基阳极(Cu-10Al和Cu-9.8Al-2Mn)在KF-AlF₃-Al₂O₃熔体中的阳极行为。将合金在700℃下进行短时间(8 h)氧化,然后在800℃下施以0.4 A/cm²的电流密度进行1 h恒电流极化。测定扫描速率为0.01 V/s的动电位曲线。对在阳极表面冻结的熔体样品进行XRD分析,并在实验后对阳极进行SEM分析,以研究合金表面形成的氧化皮的物相。所有阳极材料的稳态电位都在2.30~2.50 V(vs Al/AlF₃)范围内。根据动电位极化获得的数据计算阳极的腐蚀速率。结果表明,经预氧化的阳极比未经预氧化的阳极具有更低的腐蚀速率。