Gas solid techniques for preparation of pure lanthanum hexaboride

The processes reported for the preparation of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) from lanthanum oxide involve the use of carbon either elemental or in the form of boron carbide or elemental boron itself as reducing agents, fused salts at high temperatures or reactions which require the product boride to be leached out. Each of these techniques either increases the process costs and/or increases chances of contamination in fi-nal product. Pure LaB6 can best be prepared by a reaction which produces a gaseous byproduct. In the present study, such a reaction was successfully used to yield pure lanthanum hexaboride. The process involved mixing of anhydrous lanthanum chloride with aluminium and boron and heating the charges under dynamic argon flow. Lanthanum chloride is known to be highly hygroscopic; hence the process using improperly dehydrated LaCl3 led to the formation of lanthanum oxychloride which does not convert to LaB6 under conditions wherein LaCl3 converts. Not only the formation of AlCl3 but also its continuous removal from the reaction zone is necessary for the success of the process.     

镁合金微弧氧化的研究现状

结合国内外镁合金微弧氧化机理的研究成果,重点介绍了镁合金微弧氧化的生长机理,利用光发射谱识别等离子体放电过程中的反应元素,并计算等离子体温度。对镁合金微弧氧化功能膜以及增强相对镁基复合材料微弧氧化陶瓷膜耐蚀性的影响作了简要介绍。概述了在镁合金微弧氧化过程中,不同体系的电解液各自具有的优缺点,及对陶瓷膜结构和性能产生的重要影响。添加剂可以提高电解液的导电性和稳定性,减小陶瓷膜的孔隙率。详细阐述了合金元素、电源类型、电参数和后处理封孔技术对镁合金陶瓷膜结构、形貌及性能的影响。基于镁合金微弧氧化技术的研究现状,对镁合金微弧氧化技术的研究方向进行了展望。     

铝合金表面微弧放电陶瓷化改性新技术

对近年来兴起的铝合金表面通过微弧放电和电化学氧化双重作用形成陶瓷层的表面改性技术的原理、应用和国内外研究现状与发展动向进行了综合评述,以期这项技术研究在我国取得更大的进展.     

Mechanism of chlorinating lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide with ammonium chloride

1　INTRODUCTIONThelightrareearthoressuchasbastnasiteandBeiyuneboitearetheoneswithlanthanumandceriumelementasmaincomponent (thecontentoflan thanumandcerium >85 % (massfraction) ) .General ly ,thelightrareearthoresaredecomposedbyacidoralkali,thentherareearthproductscouldbefurtherrecovered[1,2 ] .Someshortagesexistintheconven tionalprocessofrecoveringrareearth ,suchaslongflow sheet ,multi transferringformoftherareearthandsoon .Furthermore ,thewasteacidoralkaliandgasemissionsuchasHF ,SO2 pr…     

镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层形成及生长过程的研究

研究了MB8镁合金在硅酸盐溶液体系中微弧氧化陶瓷层形成及生长过程的形貌特征。结果表明：整个过程可分为3个阶段,即阳极沉积阶段、微弧阶段和局部弧光阶段。阳极沉积阶段是在阳极表面发生团絮氧化膜沉积与扩展的过程。微弧阶段是前期缺陷减少与消失并形成均匀膜层表面的过程,陶瓷层表面微孔孔径较小,膜层均匀致密。局部弧光阶段形成的放电微孔孔径较大,陶瓷层比较疏松。     

Adsorption behavior and mechanism of D113 resin for lanthanum

The sorption properties of macroporous weak acid resin (Dl13) for La3 ion were studied by chemical analysis and IR spectra. Experimental results indicate that the D113 resin has a good adsorption ability for La3 at pH = 6.0 in the HAc-NaAc medium. The statically saturated adsorption capacity is 273.3 mg/g. Separation coefficients of βLa3 / Ce3 , βLa3 / Gd3 , βLa3 / Er3 , and βLa3 /γ3 are 2.29, 3.64,4.27, and 0.627, respectively. The apparent activation energy of adsorption, Ea is 18.4 kJ/mol, the thermodynamics parameters △H, △S, and △G of Sorption are 4.53 kJ/mol, 61.8 J/(mol·K), -13.9 kJ/mol, respectively. The adsorption behavior of Dl13 for La3 obeys the Freundlich isotherm. La3 adsorbed on resin can be eluted by 2.0 mol/LHC1 quantitatively.     

Ce元素固溶掺杂对LaB6阴极材料电子逸出功的影响

采用稀土金属Ce元素固溶掺杂改性LaB6以降低其电子逸出功的策略,先通过熔盐法制备出La1-x Cex B6(x=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)固溶体纳米粉体,后经热压烧结得到La1-x Cex B6阴极材料。利用XRD、SEM等技术表征La1-x Cex B6阴极材料的组成结构,并研究了Ce元素固溶掺杂对LaB6阴极材料电子逸出功的影响。结果表明,所制备的La1-x Cex B6阴极材料为单相固溶体,致密度高,相对密度介于98.49%～98.98%之间。相对于未掺杂LaB6阴极材料,La1-x Cex B6阴极材料的电子逸出功更低,且随着Ce掺杂含量的增加电子逸出功先减小后增大,整体介于1.85～2.54 eV之间,其中La0.6Ce0.4B6阴极材料的电子逸出功最低,仅为1.85 eV。固溶掺杂Ce是降低LaB6阴极材料电子逸出功的有效途径。     

Oxidation of molybdenum-chromium-palladium alloys

Isothermal and cyclic oxidation studies have been carried out on (80–90) wt.% Mo-(8–17) wt.% Cr-(0.5–3) wt.% Pd alloys in atmospheres of both air and pure oxygen at temperatures between 1000 and 1250°C. The Pd additions decreased the oxidation rate with the most pronounced effect being observed for an alloy of 80 wt.% Mo-17 wt.% Cr-3 wt.% Pd. Palladium played a major role in providing the necessary oxidation protection by accelerating the formation of Cr₂O₃ layers at low Cr concentrations. Contrary to the behavior of most metals, an increase in oxidation resistance with increase in temperature was observed. Although the alloy systems were not truly oxidation resistant, definite improvement in oxidation resistance was achieved. The oxidation mechanism of Mo-Cr-Pd alloys is described.     

氧化时间对 7 A09 超高强铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的影响

采用NaAlO2-NaOH体系,对7A09超高强铝合金进行微弧氧化,研究了微弧氧化时间对陶瓷层厚度、显微硬度、表面及截面形貌、相组成的影响。结果表明:在其它参数一定的条件下,陶瓷层的厚度和硬度均随氧化时间的延长而不断增长,微弧氧化时间为45 min时,陶瓷层的显微硬度达到最高值1070HV0.1;陶瓷层主要由γ-Al2O3组成。     

基于光固化的直接陶瓷成形工艺

文章把光固化技术应用于陶瓷成形,提出了一种新型的直接陶瓷成形工艺-陶瓷光固化工艺。通过实验研究发现,陶瓷浆料粘度、固化厚度对陶瓷素坯的成形过程有决定性作用;陶瓷粉末的体积分数决定了陶瓷素坯的收缩率。为减少陶瓷素坯收缩率,必须提高陶瓷粉末的体积分数。实验表明,陶瓷浆料粘度小于3000MPa·s,固化厚度大于200μm,能够满足该工艺的要求。陶瓷粉末体积分数大于40%,能够得到低收缩率的陶瓷零件。     

镧离子注入对纯锆抗高温氧化性能的影响

对纯锆表面注入了1×10~(16)ions/cm~2～1×10~(17)ions/cm~2的镧离子,并在500℃条件下进行了空气氧化增重研究。用XPS分析了注入的镧、锆的价态;用AES分析了镧锆氧三元素的深度分布;用0.3°小角X光掠射(GAXRD)分析了高温氧化时氧化锆的相转变。结果表明,纯锆表面注入La离子后,其抗高温氧化性能显著提高,且注入剂量越大效果越强,注入氧化膜以La_2O_3和ZrO_22种形式存在;由于La离子的注入,促使形成大量四方相氧化锆(t-ZrO_2),而且减少四方相氧化锆(t-ZrO_2)向单斜相氧化锆(m-ZrO_2)的转变,这是纯锆氧化速率降低的根本原因。     

Oxidation of molybdenum-tungsten-chromium-silicon alloys

The oxidation kinetics of (50–60) wt.% Mo-(35–47) wt.% Cr-(2–5) wt.% Si and (30–40) wt.% Mo-(30–40) wt.% W-(27–37) wt.% Cr-(0–3) wt.% Si alloys were studied between 1000 and 1200°C in a pure oxygen atmosphere. The oxidation of Mo-W-Cr-Si alloys resembled that of Mo-Cr-Si alloys but was much more oxidation resistant. In general, oxidation resistance increased with increasing Cr and Si content. Alloys with good oxidation behavior had a thin outer Cr₂O₃ layer and an internal oxidation zone (in both Mo and Mo-W alloys). Alloys displaying poor oxidation behavior had a porous Cr₂O₃ layer (in Mo alloys) or layers of oxides of W and Cr (in Mo-W alloys). Although the alloy systems were not truly oxidation resistant, definite improvement in oxidation resistance was achieved.     

Structures of ceramics coatings on steel fabricated by hot-dipping and micro-arc oxidation

Firstly, an aluminum coating was produced metallurgically on mild steel by hot-dipping, then an aluminum oxide coating was formed self-growingly from the aluminum coating by micro-arc oxidation treatment. The structures of the composite coatings were investigated by means of SEM, TEM and XRD. The results show that the composite coating consists of three layers which are Fe-Al alloy, aluminum coating and aluminum oxide orderly outward from the steel substrate. There are amorphous phases, k-Al2O3 and θ-Al2O3 mainly in the aluminum oxide.     

微弧氧化α-Al2O3陶瓷膜生长过程分析

在交流条件下利用微等离子体氧化技术合成了氧化铝陶瓷涂层。XRD分析结果显示，涂层α-Al2O3相与y-Al2O3相的含量随反应时间而变化。氧化2．5h后可以得到由单一的α-Al2O3相组成的涂层。陶瓷涂层厚度的生长速率大约为0，7μm／min；在135min之后，涂层的厚度基本小变。氧化最初的15min之内，涂层的表而密度仅为0.088mg／cm^2，然后表面密度增大。在氧化15min～60min之内，表而密度(y)与氧化时间呈直线关系。在氧化60min之后，y的增长速率逐渐减小。     

Improvement in Oxidation Resistance of Stainless Steel by Molten-Salt Electrodeposition of La

Improvement in the oxidation resistance of SUS304 stainless steel was accomplished by electrodeposition of La in a molten salt. The electrolysis of La was conducted using a potentiostatic-polarization method in an equimolar NaCl–KCl melt containing 3.5 mol. LaF ₃ at 1023 K. Observation of the specimen surface after polarization at –1.8 V (vs. Ag/Ag⁺ (0.1)) for 0.18 ks showed that La particles were uniformly dispersed on the surface. The oxidation resistance of the electrodeposited stainless steel was significantly improved as compared with the untreated stainless steel. The scale formed on the untreated stainless steel after oxidation was thick and consisted of Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄, whereas the scale formed on the elecrodeposited stainless steel was extremely thin, and mainly consisted of Cr₂O₃.     

多元镧基六硼化物固溶体材料研究进展

多元镧基六硼化物固溶体是异质金属元素进入六硼化镧(LaB₆)晶格中取代部分La原子而形成含3种及以上元素的化合物。相比于单一LaB₆,多元镧基六硼化物固溶体具有更低的电子逸出功和可调节的光吸收性能,在电子和光学领域应用前景广阔,受到了众多研究者的关注。由于异质金属元素种类众多,且组合方式多样,导致多元镧基六硼化物固溶体材料体系种类庞大且复杂多变。为此,本文系统梳理了近年来多元镧基六硼化物固溶体材料在晶体结构、制备工艺及光电性能3个方面的研究进展情况,分析了当前多元镧基六硼化物固溶体材料所面临的难题,并从理论、技术及应用3个方面对多元镧基六硼化物固溶体材料的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

镁合金微弧氧化工艺参数研究

镁合金是目前最轻的金属,它可以部分替代一些钢铁材料来实现材料的轻量化。而且镁合金具有比强度、比刚度较高,减震性、减噪性、加工性较好等优点,市场对它的需求量也越来越大。但是镁合金的电位很低,易与其他金属发生电偶腐蚀,利用微弧氧化可在镁合金表面制得一层综合性能较好、类似陶瓷层的一种膜层,可大大提高镁合金的耐蚀性、耐磨性及耐高温性,因此微弧氧化技术在镁合金表面处理上得到了较快发展。对此,首先介绍了微弧氧化机理的研究现状,总结了微弧氧化过程的几个主要阶段及其主要作用;其次,重点概述了影响镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜制备工艺的主要因素,特别是电参数、电解液及氧化时间等对膜层结构、形貌及性能的影响;最后提出目前镁合金微弧氧化工艺存在的几个主要问题,并对其解决办法及应用前景进行了展望。     

铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷涂层研究进展

简述了微弧氧化技术的基本原理和优点,着重介绍了实验参量,如电源模式、电解液组成、电压、频率、占空比、氧化时间、基材成分等对铝合金微弧氧化的影响,总结和分析了铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷涂层微观结构与性能的特点及其关系。最后,针对目前铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷涂层研究领域存在的问题,提出了今后的研究方向。     

铝材微弧氧化陶瓷膜的电绝缘性

研究了商用硬铝经微弧氧化后的电绝缘性能。结果表明,在干燥大气中,陶瓷膜厚度增加,击穿电压升高,而平均击穿场强下降;陶瓷膜孔隙率增加,湿大气条件下击穿电压的差值增加;微弧氧化中加入适量添加剂可使击穿电压显著提高。     

铝合金表面微等离子体氧化黑色陶瓷层制备的研究

介绍了微等离子体氧化工艺用于铝合金表面生成黑色陶瓷膜的技术，分析了各种工艺参数对膜层色泽的影响，并讨论了着色工艺中易出现的缺陷及其解决措施。