离子渗碳层中的晶间脆性SCIEI

本文对20Cr2Ni4A钢离子渗碳层出现的沿晶断裂的原因进行了分析,结果表明,渗碳层中的残余奥氏体与在该区域产生的沿晶脆断无关。TEM分析和Auger电子能谱分析表明,形成沿晶断裂的主要原因是S,P等杂质元素在原奥氏体晶界的偏聚。采用二次加热淬火可以消除这种现象。     

20CrMnMo钢中心楔块的渗碳与氢脆

对中心楔块渗碳导致的氢脆断裂现象进行了分析研究，测试分析结果表明，中心楔块在渗碳后出现氢脆，是因为工作表面缺陷和内部组织应力过大，在渗碳气氛中，吸附在工件表面的氢分子转变为氢原子，随后向应力集中区域富集，当氢的浓度达到临界值CH，引起微裂纹，裂纹在应力区扩展，最后导致氢致滞后断裂。     

甘油体系中不锈钢表面液相等离子体电解渗碳工艺

采用液相等离子体电解渗方法,在80%甘油水溶液中实现了304不锈钢表面快速渗碳。研究施加电压和放电时间对渗碳过程的影响,分析了渗碳层的显微组织,并比较了不同工艺条件下渗碳层显微硬度分布。结果表明:经过5 min的快速放电处理,渗碳层厚度接近100μm,硬度达到880 HV。在350 V和3 min渗透条件下渗碳层质量较好。     

三种渗碳钢中残余奥氏体在冲击磨损中的行为

渗碳钢中合金元素对渗碳过程中材料表面吸碳能力有很大影响,含有较多非碳化物形成元素Si、Mn的22Si2MnCrNi2Mo渗碳层的碳含量最低,只有0.65%;含有较多碳化物形成元素的35CrMoV渗碳层碳含量最高,可达1.05%。三种渗碳钢冲击磨损试验结果表明:冲击磨损速率随着渗碳表层碳含量的增加先降低后增加,在碳含量0.82%时冲击磨损速率出现低谷。冲击磨损过程中残余奥氏体由于应变诱发马氏体相变需消耗外加能量可降低磨损速率,得出磨损速率与相变能之间呈指数关系。     

铬镍渗碳钢的残余奥氏体

20CrZNi4、18CrZNi4W钢往往经诊碳（或碳氢共修）淬火后使用,由于合金元素Ni、Cr量较高,热处理后工件表面存在大量的残余奥氏体。残余奥氏体对性能的影响,其量多少为宜,是一个比较复杂而值得注意的问题。本文讨论了诊碳层不同的合碳量、渗碳后高温回火、淬火工艺、冷处理及喷九处理等对残余奥氏体量的影响,从而针对所要求的残余奥氏体量来选择合适的表面含碳量、相应的热处理方法及不同的工艺参数。     

Role of the cyclic stability of retained austenite in fatigue performance of carburized 14NiCr11 steel

The role of retained austenite in the fatigue strength of carburized 14NiCr11 steel was studied by considering two gas-carburizing treatments leading to two maximum retained austenite fractions of 20 and 40%. These states led to endurance limit improvements evaluated at 40 and 10%, respectively, compared with the untreated state. These improvements were explained by the evolution of retained austenite during the cyclic loading using the dispersive x-ray diffraction technique. This reveals that the best fatigue strength is attributed to the homogeneous transformation of the retained austenite fraction in the treated layer during the cyclic loading.     

离子渗碳温度对316L不锈钢渗层组织和性能的影响

利用低温离子渗碳技术.在不同温度下对AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢进行渗碳处理.利用光学显微镜、显微硬度计、XRD以及电化学测试技术研究了渗碳温度对不锈钢表面显微组织和性能的影响.结果表明,渗碳温度显著影响AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢渗碳层的组织结构与性能.渗碳温度在400～550℃之间时,可以获得无碳化物析出的、具有单一γ_c相结构的渗碳层;渗碳温度在550℃时,渗碳层为γ相+Cr_(23)C_6+Cr_7C_3+Fe_3C+Fe_2C的混合组织.渗碳层的厚度与硬度均随渗碳温度的升高而增加.550℃是AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢中铬的碳化物析出的临界温度.为了避免铬的碳化物析出而降低不锈钢的耐蚀性能.奥氏体不锈钢渗碳必须在低于550℃的渗碳温度下进行.     

合金结构钢渗碳淬火后渗层残余奥氏体的控制

低碳合金结构钢经渗碳或碳氦共渗和淬火后，其渗层组织中存在残余奥氏体，残余奥氏体量过多会使渗层硬度下降，从而影响零件的使用寿命。不同产品对残余奥氏体量的要求量是不同的，可采用相应的热处理工艺进行控制。残余奥氏体量一般采用金相法测定，介绍了检测残余奥氏体的相关标准。     

航空轴承钢M50NiL真空低压渗碳热处理工艺研究

为探究渗碳全流程工艺对航空轴承用钢M50NiL渗层组织性能的影响规律,对M50NiL钢开展了真空低压渗碳热处理研究,分析了渗碳、淬火、冷处理和回火等工艺对渗层的组织演变及其对应硬度梯度分布的影响。结果表明,经渗碳淬火后,实验钢有效渗层深度为1.25 mm,随着碳浓度的降低,从渗层表面到芯部碳化物的体积分数和析出尺寸逐渐减小,显微硬度呈现逐渐下降趋势。冷处理工艺促使部分残余奥氏体组织转变为马氏体组织,进一步提高渗层整体硬度。经回火处理后,表面硬度有所降低。实验钢表面碳化物主要为Cr、V、Mo、Ni的碳化物。     

Nb对20CrMo齿轮钢渗碳层深度和硬度的影响

通过对比分析含Nb和不含Nb的20CrMo钢在不同渗碳温度(950、1000、1050和1100 ℃)和时间(2、4和8 h)下的渗碳层深度和显微硬度,分析Nb微合金元素对渗碳过程中碳扩散速度和最终渗碳质量的影响。结果表明:在渗碳温度≤1000 ℃时,相同渗碳时间条件下,添加0.032%Nb的20CrMoNb钢渗碳件的渗碳层深度与20CrMo钢基本接近,有效渗碳层的最大硬度差值在10~50 HV0.2,Nb的添加对渗碳层深度和硬度影响较小;当渗碳温度＞1000 ℃时,添加Nb会降低有效渗碳层深度和硬度。     

On the Plasma （ion） Carburized Layer of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel

The manganese concentration of austenltic stainless steel decreases from the inner layer towards the surface of the plasma (ion) carburized layer due to the evaporation of manganese from the specimen surface. The carbon concentration in the carburized layer is influenced by alloyed elements such as Cr, Ni, Si, and Mo, as well as Nitrogen. This study examined the effects of nitrogen on the properties of the carburized layer of high nitrogen stainless steel. Plasma (ion) carburizing was carried out for 14.4 ks at 1303 K in an atmosphere of CH4 H2 gas mixtures under a pressure of 350 Pa. The plasma carburized layer of the high nitrogen stainless steel was thinner than that of an austentric stainless steel containing no nitrogen. This suggested that the nitrogen raised the activity of carbon in the plasma carburized layer, GDOES measurement indicated that the nitrogen level in the layer did not vary after plasma (ion) carburizing.     

35Cr3SiMnMoV钢超饱和渗碳研究

对自行研发的35Cr3SiMnMoV渗碳钢进行超饱和渗碳,并对渗层的组织、硬度及耐磨性能进行了研究。结果表明:试验钢经超饱和渗碳、淬火加低温回火后,超饱和渗碳层由回火马氏体、残留奥氏体和大量弥散分布的碳化物构成,硬度可达1025HV0.1,其耐磨性比20CrMnMo、20Cr2Ni4钢常规渗碳层提高了约60%。     

稀土低温高浓度气体渗碳工艺及其在20Cr2Ni4A钢上的应用

２０Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ４Ａ钢由于渗碳层奥氏体十分稳定，无法渗碳后直接淬火，而需经过复杂的热处理，本文采用稀土低温高浓度大气体渗碳，使渗层过共析区沉淀析出大量细小弥散的碳化物，奥氏体的稳定性大幅度下降，实现了渗后直接淬火，同时使组织和性能得到进一步改善。     

20CrMnTi钢渗碳层深度和表层碳浓度分布的数值模拟

研究了常用渗碳钢20CrMnTi以不同工艺渗碳时渗层中碳的分布规律，建立了渗碳层深度与表层碳浓度间的关系，为渗碳工艺参数的优化、渗碳层深度和表层碳浓度分布的精确控制以及渗碳层深度的无损检测提供了理论依据。     

抛丸预处理对45钢气体渗碳效率及渗层特性的影响

采用光学显微镜、显微硬度计等方法研究了抛丸预处理对45钢气体渗碳效率及渗层特性的影响。结果表明,在相同气体渗碳工艺情况下,抛丸预处理对45钢气体渗碳有明显促进作用,抛丸预处理渗碳试样有效硬化层由0.994 mm增加到1.486 mm,渗碳效率提升39%以上,表面硬度提高10%以上。相较于未抛丸渗碳试样,抛丸预处理使渗碳试样截面梯度硬度升高且由表及里下降更为平缓,降低渗碳层脆性。     

Research on Eddy Current Testing System of the Carburized Layer Depth of 20CrMnTi Steel

In this paper the carbon distribution in the carburized layer of 20CrMnTi steel was studied. The relationship between the depth of a carburized layer and the surface carbon distribution was established. Eddy current testing system of the case depth of this carburized steel was built by using ANSYS software as second development platform.     

20Cr钢高温短时渗碳动力学的研究

研究了低碳铜在铸铁液中进行高温短时渗碳的动力学，并分析了渗层组织和渗碳的机制。结果表明，高温短时渗碳的渗速极快，且渗层组织中同时存在渗碳体、珠光体和铁素体。此外，还给出了渗层生长的动力学方程式。     

气体渗碳CAD软件的试验验证

用20CrMnTi和20CrMo钢制的试样,根据渗碳层深度分别为1．2mm和1．4mm的齿轮的技术要求,在装备有气体渗碳动态碳势控制CAD软件的渗碳炉上分别进行了试验,对模拟结果进行了验证,证实了该软件功能强劲、控制准确。其表面碳浓度（质量分数）偏差＜0．05％;渗层内的碳浓度梯度曲线平滑,呈“S”平台分布;渗层深度为1．2mm和1．4mm时,渗层深度的偏差＜0．05mm。用该软件设计的渗碳工艺与实际检测结果能很好地吻合。     

Research of the Tribological Properties of the Surface on 16Mn Steel by Plasma Nitriding and S-N-C Plasmas Composite Treatment

Sulfide layer with certain thickness was made on the nitrided surface of 16Mn steel by means of plasma S-C-N composite treatment. Under half lubricated condition, friction coefficient and wear loss of LY12 aluminum alloy were measured in sliding against samples of 16Mn treated by cubrizing and sulphiding respectively; In order to avoid the transfer of aluminum to the steel that lead to the inaccurate measurement of wear loss of carburized samples, Grl5 steel was adopted as counterpart face to measure the wear loss of them. SEM and EDAX were used for the morphological and chemical characterization of the wear surface and longitudinal cross-sections beneath sliding surface of LY12 aluminum alloy cirque and the wear tacks of the carburized samples and sulphided samples. Results show: The surface roughness,wear rate, average friction coefficient and magnitude of friction fluctuations of LY12 aluminum alloy cirque sliding against sulphided sample were all lower than sliding against carburized sample; Compared with carburized layer, sulfide layer of 16Mn steel can not only efficiently prevent the occurrence of adhesion when sliding against LY12 aluminum alloy, but also greatly lower the wear loss when sliding against Gr15 steel.     

膏剂渗碳工艺及渗后热处理对其渗层耐磨性的影响

通过对膏剂渗碳工艺的试验及研究 ,找出了得到稳定的膏剂渗碳效果的方法 ,并进行了渗后不同热处理的耐磨性试验。结果表明 ,该工艺方法效果稳定 ,易于实现 ,尤其适于局部要求渗碳处理的工件 ,成本低廉 ,膏剂涂层以 5mm为宜 ,渗碳后经两次加热淬火后的试样具有更好的耐磨性。