具有折皱底面的多级迭盘式太阳能蒸馏器的模拟实验研究

设计制作了一台蒸发面积为0．2025m^2，各盘具有折皱底面的多级迭盘式太阳能蒸馏器，用普通电热器作为热源对之进行了模拟实验研究。对装置的瞬态和稳态性能进行了测试，给出了在不同迭盘数的情况下，蒸馏器的运行温度、能耗与产水量的关系，并计算了在不同运行温度下装置的性能系数。结果表明，当温度大于70℃时，内强化传热多级迭盘式太阳能蒸馏器有良好的产水性能．对影响产水率的其它因素也作了讨论。     

多级降膜式太阳能蒸馏器的模拟实验研究

用热水作为供热热源,对一台小型多级降膜式蒸馏器进行模拟实验研究。介绍了实验装置,给出了不同条件下的产水量。研究了蒸发－凝结板偏离铅垂线的角度θ与产水量同蒸馏器单级和四级时的比产水率曲线。     

基于嵌套结构的多级负压太阳能蒸馏装置实验研究

文章针对常压运行单级太阳能蒸馏器产水效率较低的问题,提出了嵌套管回热和负压运行的改进方案。改进装置由多层圆管嵌套而成,其内部具有多个独立拱形产水腔室,在负压下运行时具有能耗低、操作维护简便、产水性能好且水质高等特点。分别于成都和西昌两地测试了装置处于95(常压),60,40,20 kPa运行压力时的产水性能,结果表明装置在西昌维持40 kPa运行时具有最优产水性能,对应单日产水量为7.2 kg/m²,性能系数为1.45,较常压运行时性能提升近一倍。此后对装置维持负压的能耗数据及产水经济性进行了评估,数据表明装置产水时维持负压能耗低于4 kJ/kg,综合产水成本约为0.1元/L,与同类太阳能蒸馏器相比具有一定优势。     

多级迭盘式太阳能海水淡化装置的性能研究与经济性分析

设计制作了一台多级迭盘式太阳能海水淡化装置。该装置通过折皱底面来强化凝结作用,利用与最下面一级相连的热管式真空管集热器供热,在天气晴朗时能够不需其他动力自动制取淡水,具有操作简单、运行可靠、维护费用低等特点。试验结果表明,该装置利用太阳能制取淡水的性能系数为1.01,是一种较理想的户用太阳能海水淡化装置。文章还对装置寿命期内的经济效益进行了分析。     

低温热源驱动两级负压管式淡化装置性能研究

设计制造一种以太阳能等低温热源驱动,并在负压下运行的两级管式淡化脱盐装置。在44及62℃恒温热源加热条件下,测试装置处于101、60及20 kPa运行压力时的水温及淡水产率,对其性能进行评估。结果表明负压运行可使蒸馏系统产水率提高到常压运行时的3倍以上,同时可提升装置对热能的利用效率。此外,数据表明真空辅助技术应用于小型淡化装置时,电能消耗较低,操作压力为60及20 kPa时,真空泵每小时耗电量分别约为0.00035及0.009 kWh。结合实验数据对2～5级管式蒸馏器的能量利用效率进行估算,当热源温度为70℃时,5级蒸馏器性能系数在60 kPa负压下可达3.79。     

一种新型家用太阳能海水淡化装置

设计了一种具有折皱底面的多级迭盘式家用太阳能海水淡化装置。该装置由热管式真空集热管和多级海水淡化器两部分组成。在实际天气条件下,对该装置性能进行了测试,给出了该装置每0.5 h的产水量、累计产水量以及各级水盘的水温随运行时间的变化曲线。实验结果表明,在测试当天累计太阳辐射量22.46 MJ/（m^2.d）条件下,该装置产水量可达9.34 kg/（m^2.d）,单位太阳辐射能产水量为1.50 kg/kWh;该装置的性能系数达到0.956,是传统单级盘式太阳能蒸馏器性能系数的2.7倍。该装置使用简便,运行可靠,维护费用低,在淡水缺乏的岛屿或偏远的咸水湖地区,是一种较为理想的家用太阳能海水淡化装置。     

户用多效太阳能苦咸水蒸馏器产水特性研究

工业化太阳能苦咸水淡化装置占地面积大、初始投资高,难以应用于分布式户用苦咸水淡化过程。文章设计了一种户用多效太阳能苦咸水蒸馏器,该蒸馏器具有占地面积小、低品位热能驱动、运行简单等特点,可以实现分布式制备淡水。文章在实际天气条件下,测试了由平板太阳能集热器供能的户用多效太阳能苦咸水蒸馏器的产水速率,研究了该蒸馏器蒸发冷凝温度的变化情况,以及竖直方向冷凝温度梯度的分布情况。研究结果表明,晴天稳态运行时,户用多效太阳能苦咸水蒸馏器内蒸发冷凝温差的最大值约为22℃,沿竖直方向第一效冷凝套筒的冷凝温差约为9.8℃,该蒸馏器的最大产水速率为23.53 g/min,可以满足偏远地区小型户用淡水的制备需求。     

带吸液芯的倾斜式蒸馏器降膜蒸发实验研究

以电加热作为供热热源来模拟太阳能,研究了不同工况下蒸馏器的降膜蒸发特性,实验表明,热流密度、给水流量以及给水温度是影响蒸馏器产水速率的主要因素.其他条件相同时,冷却水流量对产水速率的影响很小,产水速率随着热流密度与给水温度的增大呈线性增加.得到的产水速率的实验关联式可为倾斜式蒸馏器的设计和优化提供参考.     

聚光直热式加湿除湿型太阳能海水淡化装置性能测试与经济性分析

对一种聚光直热式加湿除湿太阳能海水淡化装置进行实验测试,根据其产淡水速率和经济成本,对其长期运行的经济性进行分析。在室内稳定条件下,测试给出海水喷淋温度、加热功率等对产水速率的影响曲线。结果表明,采用双层加湿小球作为加湿层材料的系统产水效果最好,在喷淋温度为73℃时,其产水速率为1.12 kg/h。在实际天气下,也测试给出装置内部的工作温度和产水性能随时间的变化曲线。实验结果表明,在平均太阳直射辐照度为692 W/m~2时,最大产水速率达到0.52 kg/h,装置的平均性能系数达到0.84。     

光漏斗导光聚能高温相变储热直接供热式太阳能炉的性能研究

设计制作了一台利用光漏斗导光聚能并具有高温相变储热功能的直接供热式太阳能炉,介绍了其结构和运行原理.在稳态提供光能的条件下,对其性能进行了实验测试,给出了装置的升温曲线和降温曲线.利用ANSYS软件,对其储热过程进行了仿真模拟,给出了模拟结果.对影响装置性能的因素进行了分析和讨论.结果表明,在提供光能300W的条件下,装置6h储能达到饱和,温度达到约200℃,给用户的供热功率约700W,系统散热功率小于50W.     

竖管式蒸馏太阳能苦咸水淡化装置性能研究

针对偏远缺水地区提出一种新型竖管式蒸馏太阳能苦咸水淡化装置,利用嵌套圆管之间小空间形成苦咸水受热蒸发冷凝腔从而生成淡水,该装置具有结构紧凑、节省空间、承压性能好等特点。介绍了竖管式蒸馏太阳能苦咸水淡化装置的结构原理,对装置在不同加热功率下淡水产量及蒸发冷凝温度进行了试验研究,得到了不同运行工况下装置的性能系数,探索了提高装置淡水产量的方法,分别研究了在负压运行工况和套筒外壁面水冷负压运行工况下的装置淡水产量和温度变化。结果表明:装置在输入功率为200 W时,性能系数可以达到0.80;工作压力为75kPa,加热温度为80.00℃时,装置淡水产量为0.259kg/h,比相同加热温度下常压时装置淡水产量提高23.90%;当装置套筒外壁面进行水冷强化,工作压力为75kPa,加热温度为70.00℃时,装置淡水产量为0.690kg/h,是非水冷相同运行工况下装置淡水产量的3.62倍。     

多级鼓泡式加湿除湿型太阳能海水淡化装置研究

提出一种多级鼓泡式加湿除湿型海水淡化装置。该装置主要由多曲面太阳能聚光系统、加湿层和除湿层以及相应的泵和管路组成。经聚光器加热后的高温空气在风机驱动下分别进入加湿层和除湿层,热风穿过各级筛板及筛孔,产生气泡,增大了空气与水的接触面积,强化了传热传质过程。在不同天气下对装置进行实验研究,结果表明：在晴朗天气下,装置的太阳能利用率最高可达0.41,淡化装置效率最大可达1.23,最大产水速率为3.66 kg/h,全天产水量为17.08 kg;在非晴朗天气下,装置产水量为12.43 kg。     

一种新型太阳能、风能联合海水淡化装置

淡水资源短缺已成为一个世界性问题,我国也不例外.为了加大淡水供应,一条现实的途径就是充分利用我国丰富的海水资源,以及西北内陆地区的苦咸水(统称海水)进行淡化.提出了一种海水淡化装置,该装置利用温室效应原理和风能致热原理,可充分利用太阳能与风能进行海水淡化.与现有海水淡化装置相比该装置具有利用清洁能源、对环境无污染、适应性强、性价比高等特点.理论计算结果表明,该装置每小时产水量约为普通盘式太阳能海水淡化装置在晴天工作时的2倍.     

Experimental investigation of the effect of using the cylindrical parabolic collector,different solar panels and their cooling on seawater desalination in double-slope solar still

ABSTRACT

The present study was aimed at examining the effect of using solar panels and cylindrical parabolic collectors, or CPCs, on solar still unit. Cooling of the solar panels up to 25°C has been also conducted in order to rise the amount of produced freshwater. In the first setup, the solar still unit has been made up of 300 W and 600 W solar panels along with the CPC devices of lengths 1 m and 2 m outside for water heating. The second setup was designed in a way that water is heated by the solar panels as well as the CPC device with the copper pipe circulation inside the solar still unit, so the hot water within the pipe has raised the temperature of the water as a heat exchanger inside the solar still. Based on the results, the second setup had a higher efficiency than the first setup. Moreover, the highest amount of fresh water was 4.215 kg and 5.091 kg during one day in the first setup and the second setup, respectively. Cases 1 to 6 are related to the first setup and cases 7 to 12 are related to the second setup. The lowest fresh water production in case 1 was 2.852 kg. the highest water temperature in experimental setup 1 was 71.9 °C and in experimental setup 2 was 84.8°C.     

Experimental investigation of high temperature congregating energy solar stove with sun light funnel

A solar stove which uses a light funnel to guide light and congregate solar energy has been designed. Its structure and operation principle have been introduced. The performance tests under the real weather have been carried out and the graphic lines of experiment have been given. The experimental result shows that the maximum temperature inside the stove is as high as 250 °C under the condition of 1.5 m² of lighting area, 70% reflectivity of reflecting aluminum foil inside surface of concentrator and no load (without water inside the coil pipe). When reflectivity is 86% the heat collecting efficiency of the device is about 43%. The collecting power that the stove receives can be up to 500 W. It is an ideal medium and high temperature solar energy congregating device suitable for industrial usage or cooking and other domestic usage.     

A scheme for large scale desalination of sea water by solar energy

A scheme is proposed to desalinate sea water using solar energy for the Thar Desert of India. The scheme has been using solar energy for the Thar Desert of India. The scheme has been designed to produce about 5.25 × 10⁷ m³/yr (13860 MG/yr) of fresh water with 11.52 km² (4.5 miles²) of collector area. The solar collectors are rectangular concrete tubes, half buried in the ground, through which sea water flows and is heated by solar energy. The heated sea water is then flash evaporated in a multi-stage flash evaporator (MSF) unit to yield fresh water. Pumping of the sea water to the site and through the MSF unit is powered by 415 wind turbines each of 200 kW capacity. Economic analysis of the scheme shows that it compares favorably with the existing fossil fuel fired desalination plants of the equivalent capacity.     

S-CO2布雷顿循环太阳能电力淡水系统火用分析

设计一种使用S-CO₂布雷顿循环的太阳能电力淡水系统,对系统的工作原理和结构组成进行介绍,并对系统开展运行性能和火用分析。结果表明,设计工况下系统的输出电功率为233.8 MW,布雷顿循环效率为37.5%,淡水日产量为3981.6 t。增大太阳辐照度有利于提高系统的电力输出和总的能量效率。定工况下的火用分析结果表明,太阳塔集热器中的火用损最大,为303.99 MW,对应的火用效率为64.45%。海水淡化换热器的火用效率最低,且其火用损值也较大。随着太阳辐照度的增加,太阳塔集热器、海水淡化系统换热器和回热器内的火用损均有不同幅度的增加。因此,对于该S-CO₂布雷顿循环太阳能电力淡水系统的后续优化而言,应重点考虑改进这些部件的性能。     

Analysis of assisted coupled solar stills

The potential of coupled solar stills as a mean for improving solar distillation yield is investigated. A model for a simple solar still assisted by an external solar collector is presented. The governing coupled heat and momentum balance equations are solved for a quasi-steady-state condition with temperature dependent physical properties. The results show that for coupled stills the fresh water productivity increases as the solar collector area of the assisting device increases. For an ideal system, neglecting the thermal inertia, the yield is linearly dependent upon the solar insolation. The thermal inertia causes a significant drop in the system yield and deviation from linearity. The net efficiency of the coupled system is higher than that of a similar simple still by a value that depends mainly upon the system configuration and independent of the meteorological conditions. Comparison of the analysis with experimental data is satisfactory.     

Experimental study on a new solar boiling water system with holistic track solar funnel concentrator

A new solar boiling water system with conventional vacuum-tube solar collector as primary heater and the holistic solar funnel concentrator as secondary heater had been designed. In this paper, the system was measured out door and its performance was analyzed. The configuration and operation principle of the system are described. Variations of the boiled water yield, the temperature of the stove and the solar irradiance with local time have been measured. Main factors affecting the system performance have been analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the system produced large amount of boiled water. And the performance of the system has been found closely related to the solar radiance. When the solar radiance is above 600 W/m², the boiled water yield rate of the system has reached 20 kg/h and its total energy efficiency has exceeded 40%.