Simulation for estimation of hydrogen sulfide scavenger injection dose rate for treatment of crude oil

The presence of hydrogen sulfide in the hydrocarbon fluids is a well known problem in many oil and gas fields. Hydrogen sulfide is an undesirable contaminant which presents many environmental and safety hazards. It is corrosive, malodorous, and toxic. Accordingly, a need has been long left in the industry to develop a process which can successfully remove hydrogen sulfide from the hydrocarbons or at least reduce its level during the production, storage or processing to a level that satisfies safety and product specification requirements. The common method used to remove or reduce the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the hydrocarbon production fluids is to inject the hydrogen sulfide scavenger into the hydrocarbon stream. One of the chemicals produced by the Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) is EPRI H₂S scavenger. It is used in some of the Egyptian petroleum producing companies. The injection dose rate of H₂S scavenger is usually determined by experimental lab tests and field trials. In this work, this injection dose rate is mathematically estimated by modeling and simulation of an oil producing field belonging to Petrobel Company in Egypt which uses EPRI H₂S scavenger. Comparison between the calculated and practical values of injection dose rate emphasizes the real ability of the proposed equation.     

Modeling of hydrogen sulfide removal from Petroleum production facilities using H2S scavenger

The scavenging of hydrogen sulfide is the preferred method for minimizing the corrosion and operational risks in oil production facilities. Hydrogen sulfide removal from multiphase produced fluids prior to phase separation and processing by injection of EPRI H₂S scavenger solution (one of the chemical products of Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute) into the gas phase by using the considered chemical system corresponds to an existing oil well in Qarun Petroleum Company was modeled. Using a kinetic model the value of H₂S in the three phases was determined along the flow path from well to separator tanks. The effect of variable parameters such as, gas flow rates, chemical injection doses, pipe diameter and length on mass transfer coefficient K_Ga, H₂S outlet concentration and H₂S scavenger efficiency has been studied. The modeling of the hydrogen sulfide concentration profiles for different conditions was performed. The results may be helpful in estimating injection rates of H₂S scavengers for similar fields and conditions.     

劣质原油加工方案的优化与探索

长岭分公司根据原油性质数据,预测了不同混合原油的加工方案及产品性质,通过生产实践,摸索出一套适宜的生产方案和加工流程,成功加工了高硫劣质的纳波等原油,确保了产品质量和安全平稳生产,为含硫燃料型炼油厂加工高硫重质原油提供了参考经验。     

Stabilization of crude oil in hydrocyclones with treatment of casing-head gas to remove hydrogen sulfide

A method is proposed for stabilization of crude oil and condensate in hydrocyclones to create closed systems for exhaustive preparation of feedstock. Hydrocyclones are small, simple in layout, and highly efficient units that allow enhancing operation of the primary crude oil preparation system and equipping units in block-aggregate layout. Pilot-industrial tests of crude stabilization processes using centrifugal forces and preparation of gas to remove hydrogen sulfide demonstrate the possibility of industrial introduction of the new technology.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 12 – 15, January – February, 2005.     

Treatment of Algerian crude oil using REB09305 OS demulsifier

Algerian crude oil was submitted to a treatment procedure using REB09305 OS demulsifier. Temperature, time of contact with charge and centrifugation speed were studied. Separation of water from crude oil was observed with a demulsification ratio of 100% in ambient temperature for 20?ppm demulsifier dose, 1200?rpm and 45?min of centrifugation time. The results obtained in this study showed that REB09305 OS demulsifier can be considered a promising product for the treatment of industrial crude oil and the removal of water from it.     

Rapid crude oil analysis using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

This work describes a new approach to predict the properties of crude oil by using near infrared spectrum with a reflective fiber-optic probe. The absorbance spectra of crude oil samples were pre-processed by the first derivative. The pretreated near-infrared spectrum data were analyzed with principal component analysis to detect eventual outliers in the data set. The spectral data were correlated with crude oil property parameters by partial least squares regression. The comparison results of predicted and measured values for API gravity and sulfur content revealed a better performance for the model.     

Rheological and physicochemical characterization of UAE crude oil

This study focuses on the rheological and physiochemical characterization of three samples of light crude oil and fuel oil from the United Arab Emirates. The dependence of density on temperature ranging from 20 to 200°C was determined. Also, the impact of temperature was investigated on viscosity, shear stress τ, shear rate, yield stress, and thixotropic behavior, and characterized by the Haake RheoStress. The exponential decrease of viscosity over temperature range was modeled using Arrhenius equation. The shear stress–viscosity data revealed that crude oil A solely exhibited Newtonian behavior while crude oils B and C and fuel oil followed the Herschel-Bulkley model.     

Upgrading of crude oil via distillation processes

Distillation is a unit operation of separating the components from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation. To obtain a pure liquid by distillation of a mixture must be applied in this process, numerous consecutive. Multistage distillation usually preferred instead of a single stage distillation. Fractional distillation is an example of a multistage distillation. Industrial-scale productions in all multistage or multitray distillation are applied. The composition of crude varies with its origin or geographical location. The contents of crude oil can be separated into different fractions with a series of fractional distillation processes.     

Optimization of separation of oil from oil-in-water emulsion by demulsification using different demulsifiers

Separation of oil from oil-in-water emulsion is a major challenge in petroleum industries during the producing and refining process. The authors investigated characterization of oil-in-water emulsion and subsequently separation of oil from emulsion using different chemical dimulsifiers. The effect of settling time, pH, temperature, and demulsifier dosage on oil separation efficiency has been studied. It was observed that as time, temperature, and chemical dosage increased oil separation efficiency increased. Droplet size distribution of emulsions illustrated that the demulsifier could lead to the breakup of crude oil-in-water emulsions by flocculation and coalescence. More than 98% oil separations were observed with some demulsifiers under optimum operating conditions.     

Determination of wax content in crude oil

Wax deposition is one of the chronic problems in the petroleum industry. The various crude oils present in the world contain wax contents of up to 32.5%. Paraffin waxes consist of straight chain saturated hydrocarbons with carbons atoms ranging from C18 to C36. Paraffin wax consists mostly with normal paraffin content (80–90%), while, the rest consists of branched paraffins (iso-paraffins) and cycloparaffins. The sources of higher molecular weight waxes in oils have not yet been proven and are under exploration. Waxes may precipitate as the temperature decreases and a solid phase may arise due to their low solubility. For instance, paraffinic waxes can precipitate out when temperature decreases during oil production, transportation through pipelines, and oil storage. The process of solvent dewaxing is used to remove wax from either distillate or residual feedstocks at any stage in the refining process. The solvents used, methyl-ethyl ketone and toluene, can then be separated from dewaxed oil filtrate stream by membrane process and recycled back to be used again in solvent dewaxing process.     

实验室原油电脱水试验研究

方法 采用密闭原油电脱水器对原油进行脱水，目的 将原油中的水脱净，达到实验的要求。结果 原油电脱水主要靠电场对水滴的作用而造成的成水滴的聚结和沉降，因此选择脱水器，一要考虑原油的含水经和实际需要，二要注意加热温度，加热脱水时间对原油性质的影响．三要控制脱水釜顶部汽化水滴和脱油对脱水效果的影响，结论 采用原油电脱水器，可以快速有效地将含水原油中的水脱净，完全满足了实验室内进行原油物性和流变性试验研究     

辽河油区原油密度与温度关系的统计方程

根据辽河油气区１８ 个油田近２０００ 个原油样品分析统计,原油密度是温度的幂函数。由此建立两个原油密度与温度关系的通用方程, 可计算各种油品（ 稀油、稠油、凝析油和高凝油） 在任一温度下的脱气原油密度,计算值的最大相对误差为２ ．８８‰,平均为０ ．３７‰～０ ．７５ ‰。应用这两个方程可降低６０ ％ 的原油分析成本,还为原油分类提供了准确可靠的密度数据。     

油井生产中原油脱气对结蜡的影响分析

对于饱和压力较高的油井，脱气导致的结蜡问题已引起人们的关注，但目前大多还只是停留在感性认识的阶段。该文通过大量的实验数据的统计与对比研究，定量地分析了脱气对原油粘度、密度、原油析蜡点的影响．提出原油中含气比较高的区块，其油井生产中要尽可能地使原油少脱气，以减少蜡的析出的结论。同时提出类似于华152井区的含气原油体系当压力低于3MPa（气油比低于30m^3／t）时，原油粘度会迅速增加，C1-C7低分子量的饱和烃含量会迅速减少，原油结蜡程度会大幅度增加。     

安塞油田硫化氢成因研究

硫化氢是石油伴生气中的有害成分之一。目前有关油气田伴生硫化氢的成因,存在着生物成因(SBR)、热化学成因(TSR)两种不同观点。本文从安塞油田地质环境条件下的烃类与岩心中的金属硫酸盐反应热力学分析,探讨了石油生产过程中硫化氢产生的可能机理,并结合地层水质分析及岩心分析结果,发现在安塞油田地质条件下,井下缺少微生物活动的必要条件,从而排除了BSR成因的可能性,论证了TSR成因应为安塞油田硫化氢产生的主要原因。     

常减压装置稳态数据协调的差分进化算法

基于差分进化算法的常减压装置稳态流量数据协调方法,是采用测量误差为污染正态分布的数据协调与过失误差同步检测的方法。结果表明,经处理后的数据不仅能更好地满足装置的物料平衡,还为进一步优化操作条件提供准确的数据基础。     

伊朗中质原油常压装置工艺设计

针对生产加工伊朗中质原油的2.0 Mt/a常压装置进行了工艺设计.确定了原油的加工方案,对闪蒸塔、常压塔、常压炉的计算结果进行列表汇总,并分析了该工艺设计计算中出现误差的原因.     

超重力环境下选择性脱除气体中的硫化氢的工艺研究

利用H2S和CO2的动力学的差异,采用超重力技术对H2S进行选择性吸收,分别考察转速、气体流量、液体流量以及胺浓度对选择性的影响。结果表明,当转速900r/m、气体流量2m3/h、液体流量0.08m3/h、胺浓度2mol/L,此时选择性为17.01%,在该条件下的脱硫效果甚好,脱硫率达到了99.21%,达到了脱除H2S的要求。     

Characterization of the isolated wetting crude oil components with infrared spectroscopy

To improve the understanding of wettability, especially the influence of different crude oil colloids, wetting experiments on quartz sand and kaolin were performed with an asphaltene rich oil. A two-step procedure was developed to investigate the wetting behavior. In the first step, those crude oil components were extracted, which preferentially wet solid surfaces. The extracted crude oil components were characterized in a second step. The composition of the fractions extracted with different solvents are different. The acetone fractions extracted from quartz sand are rich in compounds containing nitrogen, whereas the compounds containing sulphur predominate in the chloroform fraction extracted from quartz sand. IR spectroscopy of the extracted fractions shows that carbonyl compounds are abundant in the methanol/chloroform and acetone/chloroform fractions extracted from quartz sand. The chloroform fraction is poor in carbonyl group-containing compounds. In agreement with elemental analysis, a strong signal for C–N groups in the IR spectra is found for acetone/chloroform and methanol/chloroform fractions, extracted from the quartz sand system. On the other hand, a significant, strong IR-peak representing S=O containing components is observed in the acetone and acetone/chloroform fractions, extracted from quartz sand.     

高含水原油旋流预脱水及污水除油试验与研究

为处理含水率≥ 90 %的高含水原油 ,将两级液 液旋流器串接 ,在东辛采油厂辛二接转站进行了旋流预脱水和污水除油一体化现场试验。通过改进旋流器结构和优化试验参数 ,在处理量为 4～ 6m3/h的小型改进装置上初步达到了预期目标。随后开展了一体化工艺的工程应用及配套研究 ,通过在辛二接转站一期和二期示范工程的实施 ,最终实现了中石油集团公司提出的技术攻关目标 :两级旋流器处理后的原油含水率≤ 30 % ;污水含油≤ 30mg/L