降低小型柴油机排放的试验研究

从生物混合燃料成分、燃烧室结构和排气再循环等方面探索降低柴油机排放的方法。通过对柴油机排放性能的大量试验研究,结果表明:对于直喷式柴油机,生物混合燃料的NOx排放与柴油的排放基本相当,碳烟排放则比柴油有较大幅度的降低,而涡流室柴油机,NOx的排放量却有大幅度的降低,碳烟排放则比直喷式柴油机有更大幅度的降低,生物燃料的添加比例对NOx的排放影响不大。柴油机采用排气再循环技术后,混合燃料的碳烟排放仍比柴油少,混合燃料可以承载一定的EGR率而不增加碳烟排放。排气再循环可以大幅度地降低NOx排放且与EGR率有关,与燃料的性质关系不大。涡流室柴油机采用生物燃料和排气再循环,可以同时降低NOx和碳烟的排放,排放效果非常优良。     

在稳定性指标制约下汽油机应用稀燃和EGR的局限性

本文应用微机检测发动机稳定性指标,在一台采用涡流室火花塞组成快速燃烧系统的汽油机中,对影响燃油消耗率、NO_x排放和稳定性指标的主要参数如空燃比、点火提前角和废气再循环率进行了试验研究。结果进一步表明:在稳定性指标制约条件下,稀燃能节油,但不能降低NO_x排放;EGR能降低NO_x排放,但不能节油。     

增压稀燃天然气掺氢发动机排放特性

为了研究20%掺氢比的增压稀燃天然气掺氢(HCNG)发动机的排放特性,通过对发动机进行了空燃比和点火提前角调整试验、ETC循环测试试验和加装氧化型催化器试验,获得了20%HCNG发动机的排放规律.CH4排放随着空燃比的增大先减少后增加;CO排放在高于理论空燃比后骤减;Nox排放随着空燃比的增大先增加后减少,在空燃比19～21 左右达到最大值,1600～1800r/min时最低.CO、Nox随着点火提前角的增大而增加;CH4随着点火提前角的增大略有增加,并且点火提前角越大,对CH4排放的影响越小.加装催化器后,CO、CH4的转化效率均＞90%.试验结果表明:增压稀燃和氧化型催化器相结合是天然气掺氢发动机节能减排的有效方案.     

喷油系统参数对重型车用增压直喷柴油机NOx排放的影响

本文针对一台重型车用增压中冷电控直喷式柴油机,试验研究了喷油系统参数如喷孔直径、喷孔锥角、喷油压力、喷油定时等对NO_x排放和排气烟度的影响,指出了通过它们的优化匹配,改善柴油机排放特性的途径。     

共轨燃油喷射系统用于降低船用柴油机NOx排放的研究

介绍了某船用低速柴油机装备共轨燃油喷射系统后控制NOx排放的方案及调试方法,对该柴油机进行了排放水平测试,结果表明,利用电控技术并进行优化匹配的船用柴油机可大幅度降低NOx排放,满足国际海事组织(IMO)NOx排放限值的要求。     

柴油机排气后处理技术最新进展与发展趋势

柴油机在节能和降低CO2方面具有突出的优势,但如何在不牺牲经济性的前提下有效地降低颗粒物(PM)和氮氧化物(NOx)排放,以满足未来愈来愈严的排放法规,是柴油机未来发展面临的主要挑战。本文在分析柴油机后处理技术路线的基础上,回顾了柴油机PM和NOx排放后处理控制技术的最新进展,综述了不同技术存在的问题和进一步的发展方向,总结了PM和NOx控制的整合技术。     

A novel biomass lubricant filter and its effect on gasoline engine emissions and fuel economy

With the increasing number of light-duty passenger car, a large amount of waste engine oil was produced yearly which has polluted the environment and wasted fossil resources. Extend engine oil drain interval and reduce its effect on engine emission is of great importance. In this paper, a kind of modified-sawdust engine oil filter was developed and the study focus on its effect on the emission characteristics and fuel consumption rate of spark ignite gasoline engine. This modified-sawdust engine oil filter was also compared with common oil filter. The tests were performed in four-cylinder direct injection gasoline engine at six different typical operating conditions. Various tests were proceed including the exhaust emissions measurement of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) as well as the fuel consumption rate measurement. The effect of engine oil change on engine emission and fuel consumption rate were also studied. Impurity element content of waste oil and kinetic viscosity were measured before and after modified oil filter was used. The results show that relative to common oil filter, the modified-sawdust oil filter has 0.4–2.1%, 3.7–7.5%, 1.6–13.3% decrease for CO, HC, NOx emissions, respectively. In addition, it significantly reduces oil consumption, and the three major emission species (CO, HC and NOx) was also reduced when fresh engine oil was adopted. These results indicate that the use of modified-sawdust oil filter is an effective choice to improve gasoline engine emission and fuel economy.     

ZS1100柴油机燃用甲醇-柴油混合燃料的试验研究

在ZS1100直喷式柴油机上,用自行配制的M15、M30甲醇-柴油混合燃料与纯柴油做了对比试验研究,进行了负荷特性、NOx和碳烟的排放对比试验,还进行了混合燃料的浊点测试和成本估算。研究结果表明,燃用M15、M30甲醇-柴油混合燃料后,发动机可以同时降低NOx排放和碳烟排放;结合成本考虑,比油耗明显下降;动力性几乎不受影响,具有良好的市场前景。     

Engine combustion and emission fuelled with natural gas: A review

Natural gas (NG) is one of the most important and successful alternative fuels for vehicles. Engine combustion and emission fuelled with natural gas have been reviewed by NG/gasoline bi-fuel engine, pure NG engine, NG/diesel dual fuel engine and HCNG engine. Compared to using gasoline, bi-fuel engine using NG exhibits higher thermal efficiency; produces lower HC, CO and PM emissions and higher NOx emission. The bi-fuel mode can not fully exert the advantages of NG. Optimization of structure design for engine chamber, injection parameters including injection timing, injection pressure and multi injection, and lean burn provides a technological route to achieve high efficiency, low emissions and balance between HC and NOx. Compared to diesel, NG/diesel dual fuel engine exhibits longer ignition delay; has lower thermal efficiency at low and partial loads and higher at medium and high loads; emits higher HC and CO emissions and lower PM and NOx emissions. The addition of hydrogen can further improve the thermal efficiency and decrease the HC, CO and PM emissions of NG engine, while significantly increase the NOx emission. In each mode, methane is the major composition of THC emission and it has great warming potential. Methane emission can be decreased by hydrogen addition and after-treatment technology.     

柴油硫含量对发动机排放性能影响的研究

在一台直喷式涡轮增压柴油机上分别燃用4种不同硫含量的柴油,研究了燃油硫含量对柴油机排放性能的影响.研究结果表明,燃油硫含量对柴油机的烟度有直接影响,随着燃油硫含量的降低,柴油机的烟度明显下降,低负荷下燃油硫含量对柴油机的烟度影响较大,NOx排放随燃油硫含量的降低变化很小,而CO和HC排放则降幅明显,SO2排放随柴油机负荷的增加显著上升,随燃油含硫量的降低而显著下降.