光纤位移传感器系统测量粗糙度的研究

介绍了光纤位移传感器系统测量粗糙度的结构和原理，采用Lab VIEW软件对测量数据进行采集、分析和处理，用最小二乘法拟合成曲线实现微位移和粗糙度的检测。     

应用光纤位移传感器在液氦温度下测量超导体微位移

一些超导精密仪器结构复杂,传感器只能在仪器内部低温环境下工作。介绍了一种可用于低温下的补偿式光纤位移传感器,分析了该传感器在液氦温度(4.2K)下的输出特性并对其进行了标定。在液氦温度(4.2K)下测量超导体微位移的实验结果表明,该传感器可以在液氦温度下进行微位移测量,测量分辨率达到10μm。实验结果为该光纤位移传感器在极低温下的应用提供了参考。     

大型管件自行式挠度检测系统设计及误差分析

针对大型直缝焊管的挠曲特点设计了自行式挠度检测系统。系统中以遥控小车作为激光三角反射式位移传感器的载体,在框架式的运行轨道上对焊管进行自动测量;系统测量程序以虚拟仪器LabVIEW为软件平台,实现数据采集、输出和显示。通过多组实验,分别分析了激光位移传感器、数据传输线、遥控小车及运行轨道的粗糙度等因素对检测系统的影响,并通过对标准件的测量,得到自行式检测系统的整体误差为±0.5mm。该检测系统满足工业需要。     

基于高精度位移传感器的机床主轴热变形实时测量

文章研究了高精度位移传感器在数控机床主轴热变形测量中的应用。考虑到数控机床主轴热变形在热误差研究中的重要性，文中利用基恩士公司生产的高精度CCD激光位移传感器和涡电流位移传感器，对数控机床主轴的热变形进行了实时测量。实验结果表明，所测立式铣床主轴热变形沿Y轴方向最大，在主轴转速5000r／min的条件下，约为41μm。     

混凝土结构光纤光栅腐蚀传感器

提出了一种新型测量钢筋锈蚀的光栅传感器,即双筋腐蚀光栅传感器.这种传感器将光纤布拉格光栅粘贴固定于两根紧密排列的钢筋上表面.当钢筋锈蚀后,体积膨胀而使光纤光栅产生拉伸应变,光纤光栅的反射光波长将发生变化,所以通过测量光纤光栅的波长就可以测得钢筋锈蚀程度.这种传感器利用光纤光栅波长位移来监测钢筋锈蚀,能够间接反映钢筋锈蚀程度,且不受锈蚀因素的影响,可用于混凝土结构中钢筋锈蚀的早期监测.     

基于双光栅修正测力传感器温感量的研究

光纤光栅测力传感器存在温变量与应变量交叉影响光纤光栅中心波长的现象,为了补偿温变量对光纤光栅中心光波长的影响,提出双光栅法,以修正温变量引起的中心光波长偏转量。在不同受力、不同温度下进行光纤光栅中心光波长测量实验,结果表明：应变量的测量结果与理论计算结果基本一致,表明双光栅法制备测力传感器是可行的。     

基于粒子群算法的拉线位移传感器三维坐标测量

文章提出了一种基于粒子群算法(PSO)的拉线位移传感器测量系统的方法来用于测量空间三维坐标,分析了测量系统的目标函数,建立了粒子群算法求解三维坐标的数学模型,通过软件仿真验证了粒子群算法在拉线位移传感器测量系统上的可行性。最后,搭建了拉线位移传感器三维测量系统平台并进行实验,同时与最小二乘法计算三维坐标作比较,实验结果表明,粒子群算法在基于拉线位移传感器测量系统计算三维坐标中简单易于实现、鲁棒性好和对迭代初值不敏感等优点。     

板材剪切与冲裁加工实验的位移测量系统

针对板材剪切与冲裁加工的特点，设计了一种应变片式位移传感器。传感器可根据需要对量程进行调节，且相对精度不变，特别适于中小位移的测量。结合数据采集系统，在材料试验机上实现了板材剪切加工和精密冲裁实验的位移测量。     

用CCD图像传感器测量杨氏弹性模量的研究

对传统的镜尺法测量杨氏弹性模量进行了改进,用高灵敏度电荷耦合器件(CCD)图像传感器取代传统的依靠人眼从望远镜读数获取激光位移数据,实现了过程自动化,消除了测量过程中人为因素的影响。试验测得杨氏弹性模量的相对误差仅为0.88%,大大提高了测量精度。     

直线式时栅位移传感器的动态测量与频谱分析

针对直线式时栅位移传感器的结构特点,提出了动态测量的主要误差源。采用光栅尺作为母仪,直线式时栅位移传感器空间位置为光栅的测量值,将光栅测量值与直线式时栅位移传感器的预测值进行比较,从而得到动态测量的误差值。对误差值进行数据的截断和采样、异常数据剔除,然后对误差值进行幅值谱和相位谱分析,采用误差分离和谐波修正,研制高精度的直线式时栅位移传感器。     

Portable nano probe for micro/nano mechanical scratching and measuring

A nano probe system which can measure precise micro parts or optical parts in nanometer range resolution and scratch contact force in mN scale was demonstrated. The nano probe was originally designed for on-machine measuring applications and one kind of contact type measuring probes was designed for miniaturized or microfactory system. It ideally should be of small size and able to measure surface topography in nanometer scale. A commercial capacitive displacement sensor was proposed. It was a new concept in nano probe systems which can measure the displacement of shaft driven by the variation of surface topography. The nano probe mainly consisted of three parts: a capacitive displacement sensor, a porous type air slide and a contact probe part with various tip radiuses. The porous type air slide assured the shaft slided smoothly with controllable normal force in mN scale and had high positioning accuracy. The probe part which was directly in contact with target surface, can be applied to micro/nanoscale scratching as well as the measurement of sample topography by a simple tip change.     

Portable nano probe for micro/nano mechanical scratching and measuring

A nano probe system which can measure precise micro parts or optical parts in nanometer range resolution and scratch contact force in mN scale was demonstrated. The nano probe was originally designed for on-machine measuring applications and one kind of contact type measuring probes was designed for miniaturized or microfactory system. It ideally should be of small size and able to measure surface topography in nanometer scale. A commercial capacitive displacement sensor was proposed. It was a new concept i...     

An optical fibre sensor based cutting force measuring device

With a view to providing a way of obtaining cutting force signals which possess good adaptability to workshop conditions, a cutting force measuring device based on a specially treated standard tool shank and an optical fibre sensor is developed. The tool shank is treated in such a way that during a cutting process a displacement proportional to cutting force F_z will occur at its rear part. The displacement is then detected as a measure of the cutting force by the optical fibre sensor which is mounted on the tool post. With this device no undue extra space is required for the installation and the convenience of the tool changing operation is unaffected. Besides, as the measurement is done at the rear of the tool shank, disturbances from chip and coolant may be avoided. A calibration test and real cutting tests of the device are carried out. The results show that the device possesses satisfactory static and dynamic performances and the spectrum feature of its output signal is sensitive to tool condition.     

电涡流位移传感器在FY-3卫星G型辐射制冷器上的应用

电涡流位移传感器是利用电涡流原理来实现对位移的非接触式精密测量的一种微型器件。FY-3气象卫星有效栽荷中分辨率光谱成像仪（MERSI）采用大冷量G型辐射制冷器冷却碲镉汞（HgCdTe）红外探测器,即长波红外和短波红外线列探测器,分别安装在辐射制冷器二级和一级上。G型辐射制冷器的后光路由于温度的降低和残余应力的存在会发生一定的不规律变形,必须测量此形变,确定低温下后光路的位置,便于对后光路进行低温红外光学校正。电涡流位移传感器是在真空和低温条件下测量此形变的合理选择。     

类磁栅液压缸位移高精度测量技术研究

针对类磁栅液压缸集成位移传感器无法直接进行高精度位移测量的现状,研究了传感器信号处理的相关技术。通过对传感器响应信号的数学模型分析,设计了专用的直流分量滤除、脉冲干扰滤除与高次谐波分析等预处理方法。在此基础上,为进一步提高细分精度,引入了支持向量机对测量精度进行提升,并最终实现了信号的350细分。测量结果可满足传感器高精度测量的要求,达到了预期效果。     

同光源双光路位移传感器研究

本文提出了一种基于偏振光检测的新型直线位移传感器方法，同时着重讨论了一种基于光反馈原理及法拉第旋光效应的光源稳定化方法。文中的设计方法采用双光路结构，避开了灵敏度过低区域，使得传感器能够实现连续大量程的测量，并有光机电结合，结构简单、非接触等优点。     

Development of a micro-depth control system for an ultra-precision lathe using a piezo-electric actuator

Micro-positioning systems using piezo-electric actuators have very wide applications, for example as in ultra-precision machine tools, optical devices and measurement systems In order to keep a high-precision displacement resolution, they use a position sensor and feed back the error. From the practical point of view, high-resolution displacement sensor systems are very expensive and it is difficult to guarantee such sensitive sensors to work properly in the hard operational environment of industry.In this study, a micro-depth control system which does not require a position sensor but which uses piezoelectric voltage feedback has been developed. It is driven by hysteresis—considering a reference input voltage which is calculated by computer, and then uses actuator/sensor characteristics of piezo-electric materials. Results of experiments indicate a fast and stable response of the micro-positioning system and suggest it is an efficient technique for controlling the piezo-electric actuator.     

A novel contact/non-contact hybrid measurement system for surface topography characterization

A novel surface profile measurement instrument, developed for the characterization of engineering surfaces, is presented. The instrument is of a hybrid type and is capable of contact and non-contact measurement, making it suitable for a wider range of applications. It has an optical displacement sensor and a stylus displacement sensor. For contact measurement, the vertical measurement range and resolution of the instrument are 1 mm and 10 nm, respectively. For non-contact measurement, they are 500 μm and 3 nm, respectively. The instrument has been successfully used for several forensic applications, demonstrating its unique flexibility and high reliability as a novel surface topography instrument.     

大型铝电解槽槽壳位移研究

为了测定铝电解槽槽壳位移随时间的变化规律和为计算槽壳内壁的受力大小提供位移向量，用自行研制的位移传感器和机械式位移计对某厂大型铝电解槽进行现场测试，采集了大量实测数据。由所得的位移特征曲线可知，槽壳大面中部最大位移为１８．５ｍｍ，小面中部最大位移为１２０ｍｍ。     

风电叶片全尺寸结构试验三维挠度测量研究

对风电叶片进行全尺寸结构试验时需要测量其挠度变形,目前使用拉绳传感器测量,但拉绳传感器只能实现单一方向测量,测量误差大且维数单一。为了解决上述问题,推导一种用于叶片三维挠度精准测量的数学模型,进一步结合超宽带无线测距技术搭建了无线测量系统,使用该系统进行叶片静力加载挠度测量试验,并与激光跟踪仪测量结果进行对比。结果表明:该技术可以获得较为准确的挠度值,测量的X、Y、Z三个方向的叶片变形量的均方根误差分别为12.77、15.91、19.87 mm,符合测试要求。