涤/莫代尔混纺织物浆纱工艺探讨

为解决涤/莫代尔混纺纱浆纱时易造成织机开口不清,难以控制2种原料回潮率差异影响织机效率等问题,根据莫代尔和涤纶的特点,重点分析浆纱工序中存在问题及工艺配置,采取高浓低粘的原则优选浆料配方,选用PVA1799和变性PVA及浆纱助剂,实施"高浓、低粘、高压"的上浆工艺;穿经工序保证上轴无绞头、无漏头、无碰油、碰断;整经工序采用"小张力、中速度、小伸长、保弹性"的工艺原则。指出:涤/莫代尔混纺织物上浆关键在于贴伏毛羽和增加耐磨性,兼顾渗透和被覆;采用该工艺后,纱线通道光洁匀整,浆纱可织性提高,综合织机效率从85%提高到95%以上。     

在喷气织机上生产莫代尔纤维缎纹织物的实践

探讨莫代尔纤维缎纹在喷气织机上的生产工艺.介绍了莫代尔9.7 tex纱的质量指标,整机中采用500 m/min的较低速度,浆纱中优选浆料配方和浆纱工艺,织造中采用“小张力、大开口、低后梁”的工艺原则,最终可以使织机效率由60％提高至90％以上,入库一等品率达到99.5％.     

改性涤纶粘胶混纺织物的生产

探讨改性涤纶粘胶混纺织物的生产工艺。介绍了改性涤纶纤维质量指标和织物规格;采取条混工艺,将6根改性涤纶纤维预并条与1根粘胶纤维生条混并;清棉工序适当降低打手速度;梳棉工序适当采用较大的隔距,优选针布型号;在改造的A1291型细纱机上纺制细纱,采用851双层涂料胶辊,保证成纱质量;浆纱工序优选浆料配方和浆纱工艺;织造工序采用"小张力、小开口量"工艺原则,最终保证了产品的顺利生产,织机效率达92%。认为:各工序优选工艺参数,重点避免错号纱、错线纱,最终可以保证产品的顺利生产。     

椰炭改性涤纶纤维混纺纵条纹织物的生产实践

探讨椰炭改性涤纶纤维混纺织物的生产技术措施。介绍了所用的椰炭改性涤纶纤维、棉纤维、Coolplus纤维的性能指标,通过试验确定了混纺纱的混纺比。在织造生产各工序中,整经采用"中张力、中速度、匀卷绕"的工艺原则,浆纱优选了浆料配方和浆纱工艺参数,合理地配置织机工艺,同时控制好车间温湿度等,最终织机效率达85%以上。经测试,织物试样的各项性能均较好,达到了预期的设计和生产目标。认为:椰炭改性涤纶纤维可以用于开发穿着舒适、具有良好防紫外线性能的高档服装和床上用品。     

咖啡炭改性涤纶混纺织物的开发

探讨咖啡炭改性涤纶混纺织物的生产要点.介绍了咖啡炭改性涤纶纤维及其成纱的质量指标.针对织物设计特点,整经工序采取中张力,中伸长的工艺原则;浆纱工序采用S432型浆纱机以及双浸双压的工艺路线,并优化浆料配方;织造工序合理调整经位置线,织机速度采用575 r/min,最终使织机效率达到80％以上.经检测,织物具有较好的抑菌、保温等功能.     

涤纶纱与涤纶长丝交织物的生产

探讨在ZAX9100型喷气织机上生产涤纶纱与涤纶低弹网络丝交织物的技术要点。提高整经质量,整经速度控制在500 m/min;针对涤纶纱的特点,优化浆料配方和浆纱工艺参数;合理穿综穿筘;优选喷气织机工艺,包括后梁和停经架位置、综平时间、开口时间、上机张力和主辅喷嘴定时等,合理设定筒纱与导纱器间距离;选择合适的边撑,保证布边质量。最终成功生产了涤纶纱与涤纶长丝交织物,织机效率达93%以上。认为:针对经纬纱特性和设备工艺优选工艺参数,可以保证产品的顺利生产。     

竹节纱双层织物的生产

探讨竹节纱双层织物的生产要点。介绍了双层织物选用经纬纱质量指标;整经工序控制好片纱张力,整经速度为650 m/min;优选浆料配方和浆纱工艺,实际上浆率为13%,浆纱增强率为12.97%;织造工序合理调整经位置线,减少经纱断头,优选喷气织机工艺,上机张力为2 900 N;总结了生产中的相关操作和管理措施。最终平均织机效率达90%以上,效果较好。认为:针对性地采取措施,可以充分发挥喷气织机的效能。     

特细号高密家纺面料的试织

总结特细号高密家纺面料的生产要点。以JC 4.9/4.2 905.5/(327×9)300四上一下斜纹为例,介绍其生产要点。以纺制的高质量4.9tex集聚纱为经纱;整经工序采用CGGA114B型整经机,整经速度450m/min;优选浆纱工艺和浆料配方,上浆率15%,浆纱回潮率8%;在ZAX-9100型喷气织机上织造,织机速度422r/min;最终织机效率达70.3%左右,十万纬纬停41.1根,十万纬经停17.9根。认为:最大限度地发挥各工序的作用,可以保证产品的顺利生产。     

改性涤纶与棉混纺织物的生产

探讨一种新型改性涤纶纤维与棉混纺机织物的织部工艺要点。对比了改性涤纶纤维与普通涤纶纤维的质量指标;选用改性涤纶/棉65/35 13.1tex纱为织物经纬纱;整经工序采用"小张力、慢速度"的工艺原则;浆纱工序介绍了选用的浆料成分特性,分两个方案浆纱,分别介绍了浆纱工艺和浆纱质量指标;织造工序,通过分析影响织机效率的因素,调整了上机工艺参数,最终取得了较好的织造效果,下机一等品率89.2%,织疵率1.05%,织机效率95.8%。认为:通过分析浆料特性,采用无PVA浆料配方,可以保证较好的织造效果。     

棉粘胶双层织物的生产

总结棉粘胶双层织物的生产工艺。介绍了JC 19.4tex纱和R 19.7tex纱的质量指标;棉纱与粘胶纱按1∶1排列做表里经和表里纬;分析了产品的生产难点;优选整经工艺参数和两种经纱各自的浆料配方、浆纱工艺;选用ZAX9100型喷气织机,织机速度650r/min,上机后,织机效率达90%以上,下机一等品率达92%以上。认为:合理优选工艺参数及工艺措施,可以保证双层织物的顺利生产。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the