基于频域导频PTS-OFDM系统峰平比降低技术

对于无线通信系统而言,OFDM是一种非常有吸引力的传输技术,但是OFDM信号具有较高的峰平比特性.为了减小信号峰平比,本文利用部分传输序列PTS技术,提出了一种适用于基于频域导频OFDM系统的峰平比降低实现方案,给出了其实现算法及系统控制策略;并利用计算机仿真对该系统的峰平比和误码率性能进行了分析,仿真结果表明:PTS技术可以有效地改善OFDM信号的高峰平比特性.本方案采用FPGA实现其相应的硬件电路,经过实际的OFDM系统样机传输测试,证明了所提方法的实用性及其良好的性能.     

基带预失真线性化技术在DAB系统中的应用

通过典型的功放无记忆模型分析了功放的非线性对DAB信号所造成的失真及基带预失真技术的作用机理。介绍一种基于该机理的硬件实现，通过在数字基带对信号进行预失真处理，补偿后端的射频功放所产生的非线性幅度失真和相位失真，从而有效地改善了DAB射频功放的线性度。     

新的低复杂度降低OFDM信号峰均功率比的压缩扩张技术

本文提出了一种新的降低OFDM信号峰均功率比的压缩扩张技术.文中通过与传统压缩扩张技术的对比,详细介绍了新压缩扩张技术的方法和计算复杂度、并从统计角度分析了对峰均功率比及其用于OFDM系统时对系统误比特率的改善等方面的性能.数值仿真说明,与传统压缩扩张技术相比较,新压缩扩张技术不仅具有更低的计算复杂度,而且可以获得更为高效的性能增益.     

Low Complexity Partial Transmit Sequence with Complex Gain Memory Predistortion in OFDM Systems

In this paper the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction and digital predistortion effects in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are investigated. By applying a predistortion technique called complex gain memory predistortion (CGMP), power amplifier works at higher power efficiency. The proposed enhanced partial transmit sequence scheme is applied for PAPR reduction and integration with CGMP technique results in increasing in OFDM system efficiency and prolonged battery life. Simulation and results are examined with actual power amplifier and OFDM signal with quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation.     

OFDM系统中基于限幅和压缩感知的非线性失真补偿算法

正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM）信号具有较高的峰均功率比（Peak to Average Power Ratio,PAPR）,不仅影响功率放大器（High Power Amplifier,HPA）的工作效率,而且HPA使得OFDM信号产生严重的非线性失真,导致系统的误比特率（Bite Error Rate,BER）增大.本文基于限幅和压缩感知（Compressive Sensing,CS）提出了改进的补偿算法,发送端采用限幅降低信号的PAPR,接收端首先采用改进的逆模型方式减小HPA引入的非线性失真,再采用CS抵消由限幅引入的信号失真.仿真表明,所提方法不仅明显降低了OFDM信号的PAPR,而且有效提高了系统的BER性能.     

Combination of PAPR reduction and linearization for the OFDM communication system

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely used in many kinds of communication systems. However, OFDM signal has serious problem of high peak‐to‐average‐power ratio (PAPR) due to so many sub‐carriers. So, OFDM signal has very wide dynamic range. Therefore, the bit error rate (BER) performance may be degraded because of the nonlinear devices like the high power amplifier (HPA). Even if the linearization and large back‐off are used to compensate for the HPA nonlinearity, the power efficiency of the HPA is still very low since the PAPR is very high. Therefore, the PAPR reduction of the OFDM signal before the linearization would be more reasonable to improve the power efficiency and nonlinear compensation at the same time. In this paper, we propose a new combined method of SPW (sub‐block phase weighting) for PAPR reduction and linearization technique for the improvement of the power efficiency and for the nonlinear compensation of HPA. An updated SPW method is proposed to use a novel weighting factor multiplication of the complementary sequence characteristic and PAPR threshold technique. From the simulation results, it can be confirmed that BER performance is significantly improved and out‐of‐band spectrum radiations are much mitigated. Power efficiency of HPA can be enhanced since we can set small IBO (input back‐off) due to the PAPR reduction. The proposed system shows about 3 and 1 dB performance improvement than the LCP (linearized constant peak‐power)‐OFDM and LCP‐OFDM plus SPW at BER = 10⁻⁴. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于功放效率的OFDM信号幅度的最佳分布——峰均比抑制

星座图扩展（ACE）技术可以无损地降低OFDM信号的峰均比,本文的论述指出仅追求低峰均比对应的功放效率和效能并不是最好.笔者提出了OFDM信号的最佳互补累积分布函数（OCCDF）峰均比抑制方法,即考虑OFDM信号的幅度分布及出现概率,整体地评估其对放大器失真的影响,以OFDM信号放大器的效率为评估峰均比优劣的标准,在算法上以限定MER条件下得到尽可能低的功放输入功率回退（IBO）为迭代收敛目标,预见了应该存在最高功放效率意义匹配的所谓OFDM信号的最佳幅度分布.实验证实：相比原始OFDM系统,在放大基于OCCDF准则优化后的OFDM信号时,放大器获得了3.15dB的IBO性能改善,对比同等条件下单载波系统仅差0.05dB.     

联合法降低OFDM系统的非线性失真

正交频分复用技术(OFDM,Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)是一种有效的并行多载波传输方案,然而,OFDM技术存在一个主要缺点,即发送信号存在较高的峰值平均功率比(PAPR,Peak-to-Average Power Ratio)。研究表明高带宽效率的限幅类技术着眼于直接降低OFDM信号的峰均比,而幅度和相位预失真方法则是从放大器的角度出发,对放大器进行预失真处理,增大功率放大器的线性范围。这里提出将限幅类技术和预失真处理进行联合实现,从而在系统PAPR减小、失真补偿和误码率之间取得较好的折中。     

最高功放效率PAPR抑制评估标准和迭代准则

高峰均功率比一直是掣肘OFDM系统性能的最大障碍。为了更精确地评估峰均比抑制对功放失真的影响,提出了最优CCDF(OCCDF)迭代收敛准则。新准则考虑放大器中每个子载波的失真,限定MER条件下得到尽可能低的放大器输入功率回退(IBO),获得最高功放效率所匹配的OFDM整体信号分布。基于此,在CMMB系统中给出了一种高效的时域削波结合星座图扩展(ACE)的峰均比抑制技术。采用OCCDF迭代峰均比抑制方案实验结果:MER=40 dB条件下,基于ACE峰均比抑制的OFDM系统相比抑制前获得了3.05 dB的功放IBO性能改善。对应到功率放大器的性能改善:功放效率提升了15.74%,总功耗和管耗分别降低了22.2%和40.19%。     

无线OFDM系统自适应预失真器实现

本文深入研究了无线OFDM系统的预失真技术，针对OFDM信号的高峰平比特性及高功率放大器带来的非线性失真影响，提出了基于查表法的基带自适应预失真器解决方案，给出其自适应递归算法及查询表内容的更新策略：并利用计算机仿真对本方案的性能进行了分析，仿真结果表明：本方案可以有效改善放大器的非线性特性。     

Simple Amplitude and Phase Predistortion for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems

One of the drawbacks in an OFDM system is the high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). Among a number of techniques to reduce the high PAPR, simple amplitude predistortion (SAP), a form of active constellation extension, has been proposed to effectively achieve the desired PAPR. In this letter, a novel scheme, simple amplitude and phase predistortion (SAPP), is proposed. In SAP the carriers' amplitude is utilized to combat the peak signal. Each amplitude is amplified according to its degree of contribution as a metric. In addition to amplitude, SAPP also utilizes the phase. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme provides better PAPR reduction than SAP.     

一种降低OFDM信号峰平功率比的新方案

提出一种基于子块幅度加权处理降低正交频分复用（OFDM）信号峰值平均功率比的新方法。在确保性能满足系统需求的条件下,通过预设优化处理门限进行循环移位优化,从而大大降低了算法的复杂度。研究与仿真结果表明,基于子块幅度加权的循环移位优化方法可以有效降低OFDM信号峰值平均功率比,且具有复杂度低、处理灵活、无需边信息等优点。     

OFDM系统中降峰均比研究及PTS改进算法

正交频分复用（OFDM）技术在解决无线移动通信系统中显示了许多特点,如抗多路径衰落和频际间的干扰等。然而,OFDM系统中一个最主要的瓶颈在于OFDM信号的峰均功率比（PAPR,Peak-to-Average Power Ratio）很大,因而容易导致OFDM信号的交调失真和系统性能的下降。如何有效地解决OFDM系统中的峰均功率比是亟待解决的问题。为此,提出一种新的PTS（部分传输序列）改进算法。     

A low complexity selected mapping scheme for peak to average power ratio reduction with digital predistortion in OFDM systems

One of the effective methods used for reducing peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is selected mapping (SLM). In this paper, a new SLM scheme called DSI‐SLM, which is a combination of dummy sequence insertion (DSI) and conventional selected mapping (C‐SLM) is proposed. Previous techniques have had some drawbacks. In DSI, increasing the number of dummy sequences to have better PAPR degrades transmission efficiency, and in C‐SLM, the complexity rises dramatically when the number of sub‐blocks increases. The proposed DSI‐SLM scheme significantly reduces the complexity because of the reduction in the number of sub‐blocks compared with the C‐SLM technique while its PAPR performance is even better. To enhance the efficiency of the OFDM system and suppress the out‐of‐band distortion from the power amplifier nonlinearity, a digital predistortion technique is applied to the DSI‐SLM scheme. Simulations are carried out with the actual power amplifier model and the OFDM signal based on the worldwide interoperability for microwave access standard and quadrature phase‐shift keying modulation. The simulation results show improvement in PAPR reduction and complexity, whereas the BER performance is slightly worse. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Joint Use of Both PAPR Reduction and Neural Network Predistortion Approaches to Compensate the HPA Non-Linearity Impact on FBMC/OQAM Signals

Filter Bank Multi-carrier Modulations with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulations (FBMC/OQAM) is an appropriate alternative to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for the fifth generation radio access technology. Being a multi-carrier modulation scheme (MCM), FBMC/OQAM suffers from high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and thus exhibits significant distortion in the presence of a non-linear high power amplifier (HPA). To date, no research has considered the idea of combining both linearization and PAPR reduction approaches for the FBMC/OQAM system to cope with this problem. In this paper we jointly used the Tone Reservation (TR) PAPR reduction scheme and the Neural Networks Predistortion (NNPD) as a linearization scheme for both the FBMC/OQAM and the OFDM systems. We suggest a serial combination of the TR and the NNPD schemes. Numerical results showed that the proposed combination of the TR and the NNPD schemes provided better performances than when used separately for both OFDM and FBMC/OQAM systems.     

OFDM系统中基于压缩感知的非线性失真恢复研究

正交频分复用系统(OFDM)的高峰均比(PAPR)问题降低了系统传输效率,增加了解调难度,使高功率放大器(HPA)满负载工作。该文针对削波与HPA引入的非线性失真问题,提出在接收端采取基于泰勒级数的预处理方式对非线性干扰进行处理,最小化信号畸变影响。在发送端通过削波降低信号的PAPR,并利用削波噪声在时域上的稀疏性特性,将传输过程作为整体考虑,最后利用正交匹配追踪算法(OMP)恢复总的非线性失真信号。仿真结果表明,该文所提方法能够有效抑制系统的干扰信号,减少了有用信号受到的非线性影响,验证了该方案的正确性。     

Optimization of Peak to Average Power Reduction in OFDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) a multicarrier system [1, 2] provides base for all advanced wireless communication system. The performance of OFDM is degraded by peak-to-averagepower ratio (PAPR). High PAPR requires high power amplifiers (HPAs). The nonlinearity of the HPA exhibits amplitude and section distortions, that cause loss of orthogonality among the subcarriers, and hence, intercarrier interference (ICI) is introduced inside the transmitted signal. Not only that, high PAPR put together lands up in in-band distortion and out-of-band radiation. Rather than using HPA’s, the only way to improve performance of OFDM system is to reduce PAPR. The PAPR reduction of OFDM system gives fair reduction in PAPR under partial transmits sequence (PTS) and DCT-SLM techniques. Here in this paper we proposed a combination of PTS and DCT-SLM and an algorithm to cut back the PAPR. This hybrid combined technique reduces PAPR effectively and minimizes the complexity of PTS technique.     

Improved power efficiency for DVB-SH transmitters

Power efficiency is an important criterion for modern communications systems. It is well known that due to its high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme presents serious power efficiency problems related to the High Power Amplifier (HPA) of the transmitter that are critical in satellite systems like Digital Video Broadcasting Satellite to Handheld (DVB-SH). In order to improve the power efficiency we propose to apply to DVB-SH the Active Constellation Extension (ACE) algorithm as a PAPR reduction method. Additionally we also present a new ACE optimization criterion: the reduction of the cubic metric (CM). The minimization of both metrics provides an important improvement of the out of band distortion and the Output Back Off (OBO) of the amplifiers, and consequently an increase of the HPA power efficiency.     

A novel PAPR reduction with trellis shaping for NC-OFDM in cognitive radio

In this paper,trellis shaping is applied to reducing the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of NC-OFDM signals due to the fact that the total number of active subcarriers and their locations might change continuously in a dynamic spectrum access network.A new branch metric of trellis shaping is proposed which reduces the PAPR of OFDM signals through minimizing the variance of the power by VA decoder.The overall performance considerably depends on the type of signal mapping,and therefore a new type of 64QAM mapping method is designed.Simulation results show that this scheme significantly reduces the PAPR.Finally,a significant phenomenon is demonstrated that the PAPR of NC-OFDM signals in which the deactivated carriers is distributed in the Bernoulli distribution has better performance than that of OFDM signals.     

OFDM系统中基于压缩感知恢复由限幅和HPA产生的非线性失真研究

正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM）系统的主要缺点之一就是有较高的峰均功率比（Peak to Average Power Ratio,PAPR）,降低了功率放大器（High Power Amplifier,HPA）的工作效率,同时HPA引入的非线性失真,恶化了系统的误比特率（Bite Error Rate,BER）性能.本文所提算法将限幅和HPA引入的非线性失真视为一个整体来考虑,利用与限幅噪声在时域上的近似稀疏性,对整个非线性过程进行建模.发送端通过限幅降低了OFDM信号的PAPR,在接收端,选取受噪声干扰小的可靠性观测向量,最小化信道噪声的影响,基于非线性模型计算得到的参数,利用压缩感知（Compressive Sensing,CS）算法能有效地恢复总的非线性失真信号,提升了系统的BER性能.