高吸水PAN纤维的研制

通过对ＰＡＮ原液添加吸水剂醋酸纤维素（ＰＣＡ）进行混合纺丝，制得高吸水ＰＡＮ纤维，其吸水性由常规ＰＡＮ纤维的６％增加到２０％，物理机械性能除纤维强度、耐磨性较常规ＰＡＮ纤维稍有下降外，其余均相同。     

一种比较理想的腈化第三单体

根据ＡＳ、ＭＡＳ与ＡＭＰＳ和ＡＮ共聚的竞聚率，分别计算了ＡＮ－ＡＳ、ＡＮ－ＭＡＳ、ＡＮ－ＡＭＰＳ共聚时的聚合物组成变化。结果表明，ＡＮ－ＡＭＰＳ具有接近恒比共聚的规律，这对改善纤维的染色及其它物理机械性能均具有积极意义。建议国内加快ＡＭＰＳ单体的更实施工作。     

用于宽温域阻尼涂料LIPN表观动力学的研究

利用重量分析法研究了ＬＩＰＮ ＰＳ／ＰＢＡ ＬＩＰＮ ＰＢＡ／ＰＳ、ＬＩＰＮ ＰＥＡ／ＰＳ等反应过程的表观动力学，考察了不同种子，交联剂用量，对各步反应速度的影响，测定了各步反应的活化能，初步探讨了ＬＩＰＮ合成过程的表面动力学规律。     

PAN基高模量炭纤维的制备及其性能的研究

本文采用高温热处理法制备ＰＡＮ基高模量炭纤维（ＰＡＮＨＭＣＦ）。着重研究了最高热处理温度和升温速率对ＰＡＮ基炭纤维（ＰＡＮＣＦ）宏观性能和微观结构的影响。实验结果表明：采用密闭式真空感应石墨化炉能够制备ＰＡＮＨＭＣＦ（抗拉模量＞４００ＧＰａ，抗拉强度≥２．５０ＧＰａ）；随着最高热处理温度的升高，ＰＡＮＣＦ的抗拉模量显著提高；欲制备ＰＡＮＨＭＣＦ（抗拉模量＞４００ＧＰａ），可以采用高温热处理法，最高热处理温度要在３０００℃左右；ＰＡＮＣＦ的抗拉强度随最高热处理温度的升高而降低；在一定范围内，加快升温速率可以改善ＰＡＮＨＭＣＦ的抗拉强度。本文还对ＰＡＮＣＦ的抗拉模量、抗拉强度和电阻率等性能变化的原因进行了讨论。     

PAN基炭纤维乱层石墨层间间隙原子的电子结构及其对力学性能的影响

以实验事实为根据，建立了ＰＡＮ基炭纤维（ＰＡＮ－ＣＦ）乱层石墨层间间隙原子结构模型，应用键距差方法分析间隙原子对ＰＡＮ－ＣＦ拉伸强度，压缩强度等力学性能产生影响的机制。     

PAN基ACF的吸脱附性能及其分子筛效应的研究

研究了ＰＡＮ基活性炭纤维（ＡＣＦ）的吸脱附性能。结果表明，ＰＡＮ基ＡＣＦ的吸附具有微孔吸附的特征，它对有机溶剂蒸汽有较高的吸附容量和极快的吸附／脱附速度。在吸附时，ＰＡＮ基ＡＣＦ呈现出明显的分子筛效应。     

抗静电PAN纤维的研制

通过对ＰＡＮ纤维进行铜盐及硫化物处理，制得的抗静电纤维，比电阻值由常规ＰＡＮ纤维的１０１３Ω·ｃｍ降至１０５Ω·ｃｍ，且具有常规ＰＡＮ纤维的物理机械性能。将该纤维以５％比例与常规ＰＡＮ纤维混纺，不但后加工顺利，而且比电阻值能稳定在１０５～１０８Ω·ｃｍ，符合抗静电要求。     

吐温,阿斯匹林对萘普生的增溶作用

探讨吐温（ＴＥＮ）对阿斯匹林（ＡＳＰ）的增溶规律和增溶机制,在ＡＳＰ存在下ＴＥＮ对萘普生（ＮＡＰ）的增溶,方法,紫外分光光度法,结果：测定了ＡＳＰ溶解度随吐温２增大呈线性增加,确定ＡＳＰ位于胶团表面和栅层,并随ＴＥＮ浓度增大而向胶团表面扩散,当ＡＳＰ存在下,ＴＥＮ对ＮＡＰ的增溶较未加ＡＳＰ有增加趋势。结论：ＡＳＰ对ＮＡＰ之间在溶液与固相中皆有相互作用。因而,胶团增溶与结构增溶并存。     

立构规整性不同的PAN大分子天生缠结的研究

对立构规整性不同的ＰＡＮ样品进行大分子天生缠结剪切解缠，发现阴离子模板法（ＭＡＰ）合成的高等规立构Ｍ－ＰＡＮ产物具有较低的天生缠结指数和较短的剪切解缠诱导期。在建立一种考虑ｍ构型的大分子天生缠结结构模型的基础上，讨论了ｍｍ含量对天生缠结热力学稳定性的影响，同时还根据丙烯腈（ＡＮ）的ＭＡＰ聚合的特性，对ＭＡＰ聚合的天生缠结形成机理进行了探讨。     

NBR／EPDM共混橡胶

ＮＢＲ／ＥＰＤＭ共混橡胶《弹性体》１９９３，№１报导，北京化工学院利用商品化高聚物ＥＶＡ－１４作增容剂，制得了优异机械性能的ＮＢＲ／ＥＰＤＭ共混胶。胶料配方为：ＮＢＲ６０，ＥＰＤＭ３０，ＥＶＡ－１４１０，ＨＡＦ３０，ＤＢＰ１０，防ＲＤ１．０，ＺｎＯ５...     

Electrochemical synthesis and in situ spectroelectrochemistry of conducting polymer nanocomposites. I. polyaniline/TiO2, polyaniline/ZnO,and polyaniline/TiO2+ZnO

The polyaniline (PAn), polyaniline/titanium dioxide (PAn/TiO₂), polyaniline/zinc oxide (PAn/ZnO), and a novel conducting polymer nanocomposites, polyaniline/titanium dioxide + zinc oxide (PAn/TiO₂+ZnO), were synthesized by in situ electropolymerization and potential cycling on gold electrode. The PAn and nanocomposite films were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) spectroscopy, in situ resistivity measurements, in situ UV–Visible, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The differences between cathodic and anodic peaks of three redox couples were obtained for PAn and polymeric nanocomposite films. During cathodic and anodic scans, the shift of potential was observed for polymer nanocomposite films. The characteristic FTIR peaks of PAn were found to shift to lower wavelengthsin polymer nanocomposite films. These observed effects have been attributed to interaction of TiO₂, ZnO, and TiO₂+ZnO particles with PAn molecular chains. Significant differences from in situ resistivity of PAn and nanocomposite films were obtained. The resistance of PAn/TiO₂, PAn/ZnO, and PAn/TiO₂+ZnO films were found to be smaller than the PAn film. The in situ UV–Visible spectra for Pan and polymer nanocomposite films were studied. The results show the intermediate spectroscopic properties between PAn and polymer nanocomposite films. The morphological analyses of PAn and nanocomposite films have been investigated. The nanocomposites SEM and TEM micrographs suggest that the inorganic semiconductor particles were incorporated in organic conducting polymer, which consequently modifies the morphology of the films significantly. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:351–363, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Electrochemical synthesis and characterisation of polyaniline/poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) composites

The potentiodynamic synthesis and subsequent characterisation of a polyaniline (PAn) grown in the presence of a water-soluble conducting polymer, poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) (PMAS) is described. The novel polymer is obtained as a water-insoluble film consisting of a PAn backbone with PMAS integrated as the molecular dopant. The electrodeposition of the polyaniline material is enhanced by the presence of the electrically conducting PMAS polyelectrolyte dopant, which functions as a molecular template providing supramolecular pre-ordering as well as simultaneously facilitating charge transport during electrodeposition.     

X-ray diffraction study of doped polyaniline

Polyaniline (PAn), an important conducting polymer, was synthesized chemically. Percentage crystallinity of PAn on doping with various dopants (viz., hydrochloric acid, formic acid, iodine, methylene blue) has been investigated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis. It is observed that percentage crystallinity (Xc %) for PAn increases after doping, and it is different for different dopants. The electrical conductivity measurements of these samples show that there is an increase in electrical conductivity with an increase in crystallinity. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Conducting polymer gel: formation of a novel semi-IPN from polyaniline and crosslinked poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulphonicacid)

In the present article, a simple two-step technique for synthesis of electrically conducting hydrogel is described. The synthesized hydrogel is originally a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) in which conducting polyaniline (linear) is entrapped within a crosslinked polyelectrolyte gel viz. poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulphonic acid) (PAMPS). A conventional photo-polymerization technique was followed for synthesis of the PAMPS gel while aniline is in situ polymerized within the gel, giving rise to the desired semi-IPN. For comparison, a neutral gel based semi-IPN PAn-PAAm (polyaniline-polyacrylamide) was also prepared following the similar route. PAn imparts appreciable electrical conductivity to both PAMPS and PAAm based gels without hampering their existing properties that indicates the success of the work. Synthesis of the gel was studied in detail and different experimental conditions were optimized. Different physical properties of the gel viz. its degree of swelling, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, etc were also studied. The resultant semi-IPN or the composite hydrogel was found to possess appreciable electrical conductivity, good swellability and mechanical strength. The electro-driven volume contraction of the composite gel was found to occur at sufficiently lower voltage compared to the pure PAMPS gel, which indicates its promising application aspect in fabrication of chemomechanical devices.     

磁场环境下氧化剂和掺杂剂浓度对聚苯胺性能的影响

在不同磁场强度下,用过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂,磺基水杨酸(SSA)为掺杂剂合成导电聚苯胺(PAn),通过对PAn掺杂率的计算和电导率的测定,研究了氧化剂和掺杂剂浓度对PAn性能的影响。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、粒径分析等研究了制备的PAn性能与结构。实验结果表明磁场对苯胺聚合的影响是正向的,氧化与掺杂条件的变化是影响电导率的重要因素。     

Gas permeation property of polyaniline films

We examined the influence of polyaniline (PAn)'s unit sequence and doping with low molecular weight dopants or polymer dopants on permeation property. It was found that CO₂ permeability was increased by the formation of a quinonediimine unit in PAn with the oxidation. CO₂ sorption amount of PAn was decreased by oxidation. The increase of CO₂ permeability with oxidation, therefore, resulted from the increase of diffusivity, which was attributable to morphological variation by the increase of a quinonediimine unit. The permselectivity of PAn films was found to be remarkably improved by doping. In particular, the selectivity value of the PAn film doped with polyvinyl sulphonic acid as a polymer dopant went up to over 2,000. This remarkable increase of selectivity was found to result in the increase of selectivity, depending on diffusivity. It was also found that the permselectivity of the PAn film doped by polymer dopants was surpassed, as compared with that doped by low molecular dopants. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Optimization of the electropolymerization of 1-amino-9,10-anthraquinone conducting films from aqueous media

The optimum conditions for the electrochemical preparation of poly(1-amino-9,10-anthraquinone), PAAQ, films in environmentally safe aqueous solutions were investigated. The conducting polymer films were prepared by electrochemical oxidation of 1-amino-9,10-anthraquinone, AAQ, in sulfuric acid solutions in the potential range from 0.0 to +1.3 V. The influence of scan repetition, scan rate, and monomer concentration on the formation process and the properties of the polymer film were studied. The electrochemical response of the formed polymer film was investigated in both aqueous and non-aqueous media. The polymer films were found to be stable in aqueous acidic media. In non-aqueous solutions, like acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide and dioxin, the polymer films showed remarkable degradation. The best electrochemical response of the PAAQ films was found to be in the potential range between +0.3 and +0.9 V. The presence of quinone units in the polymer film chain suggests promising applications of these conducting polymers in lightweight (rechargeable) batteries, electrochromic display devices, and biosensor and corrosion protection.     

Conducting polymers for corrosion protection: What makes the difference between failure and success?

The potential of conducting polymer coatings for corrosion protection is a topic of current controversy. In general, the efficacy of conducting polymers very much depends on how they are applied and on the conditions of the corrosion experiment, i.e. depending on the exact conditions a conducting polymer may have excellent protection capability or may lead to a disastrously enhanced corrosive attack. A number of possible protection mechanisms are proposed. The most interesting corrosion protection mechanism that is currently discussed for conducting polymer-based coatings is the intelligent release of inhibitor anions. However, in many cases this does not work in the presence of larger defects. Based on scanning Kelvin probe studies of artificial defect initiated reduction and delamination of polypyrrole films in nitrogen (reduction) or air (reduction and delamination) atmospheres it will be shown in this paper that this is due to a switching from mixed anion release and cation incorporation during reduction of the conducting polymer to an exclusive cation incorporation for reduction over extended length scales. Although only results for polypyrrole are discussed here, for fundamental reasons this is postulated to be of general validity for all conducting redox polymers such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polythiophene. Hence, all coatings based on pure conducting polymer layers or pigments with macroscopic percolation networks will fail in the presence of larger defects, even though they may show excellent corrosion protection for smaller ones.     

Conducting Polymer Nanostructures: Template Synthesis and Applications in Energy Storage

Conducting polymer nanostructures have received increasing attention in both fundamental research and various application fields in recent decades. Compared with bulk conducting polymers, conducting polymer nanostructures are expected to display improved performance in energy storage because of the unique properties arising from their nanoscaled size: high electrical conductivity, large surface area, short path lengths for the transport of ions, and high electrochemical activity. Template methods are emerging for a sort of facile, efficient, and highly controllable synthesis of conducting polymer nanostructures. This paper reviews template synthesis routes for conducting polymer nanostructures, including soft and hard template methods, as well as its mechanisms. The application of conducting polymer mesostructures in energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries, are discussed.     

Electroplasticity memory devices using conducting polymers and solid polymer electrolytes

Erasable memory devices are fabricated by the combination of a conducting polymer and solid polymer electrolyte. The former is used as a memory channel and the latter as an electrolyte medium. The channel conductivity can be controlled over 3-4 orders of magnitude by electrochemical doping through a writing electrode. The response time, depending on the writing voltage, is several seconds. The characteristics of the memory device are discussed.