GIS系统在配电网规划中的应用

目前，各地区供电公司的GIS系统中采用的地理数据格式不统一，数据共享困难，形成的信息孤岛不利于信息资源的有效利用。而GML的出现，使得地理数据的模型统一成为可能。另外，Web Service分布式结构作为高级应用的解决方案，成为电力系统信息整合的有益补充。本文提出的基于GML的电力GIS系统，主要是利用GML标准为电力GIS系统的资源共享提供实现基础；本文还对GIS系统在配电网规划中的应用进行深入研究，探索如何将不同地区的电力GIS系统形成真正的互联。     

基于GIS的商业网点管理系统研究

针对商业网点管理中的应用需求,探讨了利用GIS改善商业网点管理的可行性,并利用GIS技术改进了传统的商业网点管理应用模型,根据这些模型,开发出了基于GIS的商业网点管理系统,并对该系统进行了实际应用,表明该系统能够提高网点管理效率和科学性。     

GIS数字高程模型技术在规划设计中的运用

针对目前城市规划中地理信息系统(GIS)技术的运用范围,以及GIS技术在规划行业中难以推广的现状进行了分析。建议以简便易用的DEM数字高程模型为GIS系统的应用起点,并结合实际案例对DEM模型在规划分析过程中的使用方法进行了详细介绍。     

基于GIS的沉陷区建筑物损害评价可视化分析

针对煤矿开采沉陷与地表环境资源之间日趋紧张的矛盾现状,在理论研究与现场调研的基础上,通过总结分析开采沉陷区地表变形与建筑物损害的相互关系,建立了沉陷区建筑物损害评价计算模型。基于计算模型,在GIS平台下利用ArcObjects组件开发技术,集成实现了“开采沉陷环境资源损害评价”功能模块并嵌入ArcGIS桌面系统。该系统模块能够实现煤矿沉陷区建筑物损害评价计算的自动化和可视化,同时,用户能够自主设定评价指标与评价标准的临界值,灵活应用于不同评价目标区。系统模块研制成功后,在兖州煤业股份有限公司鲍店煤矿十采区进行了工程实际应用,现场实例校核显示,评价计算结果与现场技术人员的实地测算结果基本一致。     

基于GIS的降雨滑坡渗流–稳定实时评价方法研究

降雨是诱发滑坡灾害的主要因素之一。阐述了不同降雨强度下的雨水在边坡体中的渗透过程,其中考虑了不同降雨强度下的土壤入渗能力变化、降雨入渗量及降雨入渗前锋界面与地下水位的转化关系。将经典的Green-Ampt模型与三维极限平衡模型耦合,假定入渗区域饱和,并考虑任意降雨强度,建立了基于GIS栅格数据格式的降雨渗透-稳定实时评价模型,来定量评价斜坡体的实时稳定状态。通过模型算法和例题分析验证了本文所提方法可对单体滑坡进行实时稳定性分析。     

地理信息系统支持下的滑坡-水文耦合模型研究

降雨及地形特征等因素对于滑坡发生有明显的控制作用。为了有效地将地表地形与斜坡的地下水运动特征结合起来，进行滑坡的稳定性分析，将工程中广泛采用的极限平衡方法与基于DEM的水文分布模型进行有效的集成，提出滑坡-水文耦合模型，在GIS中实现对滑坡快速有效的分析、预测，并建立了滑坡稳定的综合判定标准。通过模型的验证达到较高的精度。     

GIS应用于环境评价探究

对利用GIS先进技术进行环境评价的优越性进行分析，重点研究了GIS应用于环境评价方法之一——数字环境模型，并对GIS应用于环境评价的未来进行了展望。     

煤层气越流固-气耦合模型及可视化模拟研究

应用煤岩体变形与煤层气（瓦斯）越流相互作用的新观点，研究了双层系统煤层气越流运移的机理。在地球物理场作用下，双层系统煤层气越流实质上是可压缩性气体在各向异性且非均质的孔隙与裂隙双重可变形介质中的渗透与扩散的混合非稳定流动过程。依据这一新认识，建立了双层系统煤层气越流与煤岩弹性变形的固-气耦合数学模型，并应用该耦合模型于邻近层煤层气涌出的可视化数值模拟实例中。经实测结果验证，该固．气耦合模型是符合实际的；同时，应用三维数值场计算机模拟技术，直观地再现了煤层气越流场与煤岩体变形场耦合效应的宏观变化特征，为地下煤层气越流场中邻近层煤层气涌出的预测和控制提供了可行的新方法。     

基于三维力学模型的大范围自然边坡稳定性概率评价方法

 为了对大范围自然边坡的滑坡危险度进行评价,利用GIS技术作为平台,把传统的三维极限平衡力学模型耦合到概率统计分析框架中,提出一个基于边坡单元的定量评价的新方法。在把大面积的研究区域划分为边坡单元后,采用一个基于GIS的三维力学模型计算每个边坡单元三维安全系数的分布。假定此分布遵从对数正态分布,再采用一个可靠性指标计算该分布中小于某临界值的概率,并以此来定量评价该边坡单元的整体滑坡危险度。此方法同时也可以求得各边坡单元的最危险滑动面的位置和规模。开发一个专业GIS系统来完成所有的计算分析步骤,本系统能够快速、高效地完成大量的三维建模与安全系数计算,综合了三维力学模型与概率统计方法的优点,实现了对地形地质条件复杂多变的大范围自然边坡的稳定性定量评价。通过对日本一国道边坡应用对本方法的有效性进行了验证。     

基于 GIS 的地质勘察信息模型研究

科学技术的飞速发展,使 GIS 技术在地质勘察中得到了广泛应用,要想使地质勘察工作取得更加显著的效果,需要建立地质勘察信息模型。本文主要对基于 GIS 的地质勘察信息模型构建进行了研究,介绍了 GIS 信息模型,分析了地质勘察信息系统设计与应用,并讨论了地质三维信息模型,旨在加强基于 GIS 的地质勘察信息模型的构建,提高地质勘察工作质量。     

A framework for 3D traffic noise mapping using data from BIM and GIS integration

Traffic noise is a major health concern for people living in urban environments. Noise mapping can help evaluating the noise level for certain areas in a city. Traditionally, noise mapping is performed in 2D geographic information system (GIS). The use of 3D GIS is also emerging in noise mapping in recent years. However, the current noise-mapping platforms can only conduct noise evaluation for the outdoor environment and the indoor environment separately. In addition, related information about absorption coefficient and transmission loss (TL) in noise calculation is not properly retrieved and is often replaced with a single value. In this research, building information modelling (BIM) and 3D GIS are integrated in order to combine traffic noise evaluation in both outdoor environments and indoor environments in a single platform. In our developed BIM–GIS integration platform, the built environment is represented in a 3D GIS model that contains information at a high level of detail from BIM. With the integration with BIM, the 3D GIS model now has access to detailed indoor features such as interior walls and interior rooms. Noise evaluation could therefore be performed at a room level in the developed platform. Essential parameters such as absorption coefficient and TL can be extracted directly from BIM for noise calculation. The 3D GIS model is connected with detailed BIM so that any changes in the indoor and outdoor features can be reflected to each other. The Italian C.N.R model is modified and applied in the platform to conduct noise calculation. This paper presents the details for the development of the noise-mapping BIM–GIS platform based on ArcGIS. Two use cases were analysed to show the role of such platform in the decision-making process of both urban planning and interior design.     

基于GIS的城市空间增长用地选择探讨——以湖北省咸宁市为例

利用GIS技术量化地进行城市空间增长用地选择的原理和方法,构建基于GIS的城市空间增长用地选择评价指标体系和综合评价模型,并研究基于GIS技术的评价数据的获取及模型算法原理,既可为量化地进行城市空间增长用地选择提供范式,辅助城市空间规划管理与决策,又能基于已有的GIS信息平台,在空问信息数据不断充实和扩展的基础上,辅助城市规划编制与管理.     

利用中间层技术实现GIS与水力模型的无缝连接

针对在给水管网管理信息系统建设中水力模型和地理信息系统的结合问题,提出了基于GIS的利用数据挖掘和数据检查技术建立中间层,并以之作为水力模型数据来源的方法,从而避免了水力模型会继承GIS中的数据缺陷和数据错误等不足,同时实现了GIS与模型的无缝连接和同步更新。实际应用情况表明,通过中间层来建立和维护水力模型简单、可靠、高效;与传统方法相比,模型更新及时、维护费用低,且适用于多种GIS平台,通用性好。     

GIS在中国区域地壳稳定性评价中的应用

探讨了信息量法模型与GIS结合进行中国区域地壳稳定性评价的方法及基本程序，开发了相应的GIS空间扩展分析模块，从评价结果来看，此方法用于进行区域地壳稳定性评价是可行的。     

Regional water quality management for the Karun–Dez River basin, Iran

To achieve water quality goals in a river basin, a water quality management model (WQMM) has been developed through the geographic information system (GIS) approach and a mathematical water quality model. The developed model has been applied to the Karun and Dez Rivers, where water quality has decreased due to heavy pollutant loads from Khuzestan province cities and surrounding areas. Pollution sources, land use, geographic features and measured water quality data of the river basin were incorporated into the Arc‐View GIS database. With the database, the management model calculated management type and management cost for each management project in the river basin. Until now, river management policy for polluted rivers in Iran first penalizes pollution sources and then constructs treatment plants for the pollution sources whose wastewater is released untreated and for which the wastewater quality goal of the Iranian Department of Environment is not met. Different management projects with a time programme were proposed and they were compared with the results of the river quality without any management approach. It became clear that the results based on the management approach were much better than those for the unmanaged condition from the viewpoint of the achievement of water quality goals and cost optimization.     

SENEQUE: a multi-scaling GIS interface to the Riverstrahler model of the biogeochemical functioning of river systems

The Riverstrahler model describes the biogeochemical functioning of an entire river system, from 100 to 100,000 km(2) or more, taking into account the constraints set by the morphology of the drainage network, the meteorological/hydrological conditions, and the inputs of material from point and non-point sources in the watershed. This tool has been applied for research purpose to several river systems differing in terms of hydrological regime and anthropogenic influences. In order to improve its capabilities and its generic dimension, as well as to develop a user-friendly interface allowing its transfer to non-specialist users including managers, the model has been coupled to a GIS interface. This gives the user the possibility to visualize the available geospatial database, to select the best geographical representation of the drainage network, to automatically prepare the corresponding input files required for the model, to pilot the model calculation and to visualize the results. The coupling with a GIS interface has considerably improved the capabilities of the Riverstrahler model. The code of the model is now entirely generic and can be run on any river system for which a suitable database is available. Its spatial resolution can be adapted to the requirement of the relevant problem, from the highest level, where each elementary watershed is individualized, to the lower level, where the whole basin is idealized as one basin with tributaries of each order having the same characteristics. As an illustration of the new potentialities offered by the coupling of Riverstrahler with a GIS through the SENEQUE interface, the results of a same modeling scenario are compared at different spatial resolutions. For the first time, with on-line coupling to a geodatabase, the effect of increasing the spatial resolution of the drainage network representation on the performance of the Riverstrahler model has been examined. At the outlet of the basin, the water quality results were found invariant to a large degree, whatever the details of its representation in the calculations. This result justifies the use of a low resolution representation of the upstream watershed when results are required only at the outlet of the basin.     

750kV GIS用变压器端部的快速暂态过电压的研究

GIS内开关操作产生的快速暂态过电压(VFTO)对系统的变压器构成了很大的威胁,对于超高压GIS更是如此。参考多个GIS变电站,建立了750kVGIS系统,并确定了断路器、隔离开关、接地开关及电抗器的计算模型可简化为等值对地电容或入口电容,其参数分别为276pF、240pF、240pF和5000pF。利用EMTP计算了不同操作过程在变压器端部出现的VFTO。分析了系统运行方式、开关操作顺序、变压器入口电容以及变压器与GIS的连接方式对变压器端部VFTO的影响。研究了断路器、隔离开关的并联电阻以及MOA对变压器的保护效果。     

基于GIS的岩爆倾向性模糊自组织神经网络分析模型

岩爆倾向性是评价地层深部工程安全性的一个十分重要的指标之一。研究方向把常规的研究岩爆倾向性的方法与GIS技术结合起来，利用GIS的空间数据分析技术和模糊自组织神经网络，对评价岩爆倾向性的多源信息进行加工处理，建立了一个基于GIS技术的岩爆倾向性模糊自组织神经网络模型。     

我国城市空间数据和GIS应用的现状与前景

基于最近在全国城市进行的一次调查 ,首先评介了我国城市空间数据和 GIS应用的现状 ,然后分析了 2 1世纪城市发展对 GIS的需求和 GIS技术面临的挑战 ,进而介绍了为主动迎接挑战已经或正在采取的一些行动 ,最后对未来前景做了初步展望     

基于GIS和特征价格的住宅房产价格评估

特征价格模型是房地产领域有效的评估和分析工具,将其与GIS技术结合起来,利用GIS为其特征变量的量化提供辅助支持,可以充分利用二者的优势,使评估准确可靠。本文阐述了GIS和特征价格模型的结合点及评估模型的构建过程,以SuperMap Deskpro 2008作为GIS平台,以SPSS 17.0作为拟合分析软件,以赣州市基础数据和房产数据作为检验数据对评估模型进行了验证,表明该模型具有很强实用性,具有重要的应用推广价值。