一种基于HTTP长连接的自适应流媒体传输系统

提出了一种基于HTTP的自适应流媒体传输系统,一方面,该系统利用了HTTP长连接技术,有效地减少了频繁建立与断开TCP连接带来的网络资源开销;另一方面,该系统采用了一种服务器端驱动的码率自适应控制策略,这种策略不仅有效地适应于网络环境的变化,还降低了对客户端的要求,具有很强的通用性。实验结果表明该系统方案是有效的。     

HTTP自适应流媒体直播系统中的用户体验质量优化

分析HTTP自适应流媒体直播系统中对终端用户体验质量(QoE)产生影响的各类因素及其相互之间的作用关系,对基于服务器端、网络传输以及客户端的QoE优化策略进行总结。认为HTTP自适应流媒体直播系统的QoE优化重点在于降低延时,提出结合网络层和应用层影响因素来降低时延并提升用户QoE的建议。     

移动网络中HTTP视频流终端数据分析及应用

伴随移动通信技术的发展,越来越多的用户选择通过移动网络随时随地观看网络视频,移动视频业务迅速增长.在现有的无线视频传输方式中,由于TCP的可靠性以及易穿透防火墙和网络地址转化等优点,基于TCP的HTTP流逐渐成为网络视频的主流传榆方式.另一方面,用户对业务体验需求的上升,也给移动数据的传输带来巨大挑战.该文通过采集和分析HTTP流的终端数据,获到了HTTP流在HSPA+中传输特性及关键参数的特征,分析结果表明其视频块传输速率变化与自回归模型近似,并在此基础上,提出一种视频等级自适应控制算法,能够有效地改善用户体验.     

Estimating Reduced-Reference Video Quality for Quality-Based Streaming Video

Reduced-reference (RR) video-quality estimators send a small signature to the receiver. This signature comprises the original video content as well as the video stream. RR quality estimation provides reliability and involves a small data payload. While significant in theory, RR estimators have only recently been used in practice for quality monitoring and adaptive system control in streaming-video frameworks. In this paper, we classify RR algorithms according to whether they are based on a) modeling the signal distortion, b) modeling the human visual system, or c) analyzing the video signal source. We review proposed RR techniques for monitoring and controlling quality in streaming video systems.     

基于HLS的流媒体播放系统的设计与实现

HTTP Live Streaming（简称HLS）是苹果公司提出的移动流媒体协议,广泛应用于传统和移动互联网多媒体应用.在对HTTP Live Streaming协议进行研究的基础上,结合HTML5一些新的特性,给出了一种在iOS设备上基于HTTP Live Streaming的流媒体播放系统的部署方案.结合实际部署的效果,探讨了该协议的特点和当前情况下存在的一些不足.     

无线视频流编码与传输技术初探

针对无线信道的特性和多种无线终端并存的现实，探讨了在时变无线网络中向多种客户终端传送视频流的关键技术，介绍了分级视频编码和逐级加密技术的综合运用，并给出了一种新的无线视频流传输方案。     

A Video Streaming System for Mobile Phones: Practice and Experience

This paper presents a case of video streaming system for mobile phone which has actually been implemented and deployed for commercial services in CDMA2000 1X cellular phone networks. As the computing environment and the network connection of cellular phones are significantly different from the wired desktop environment, the traditional desktop streaming method is not applicable. Therefore, a new architecture is required to suit the successfully streaming in the mobile phone environment. We have developed a very lightweight video player for use in mobile phone and the related authoring tool for the player. The streaming server has carefully been designed to provide high efficiency, reliability and scalability. Based on a specifically-designed suite of streaming protocol, the server employs an adaptive rate control mechanism which transmits the media packets appropriately into the network according to the change in network bandwidth.Hojung Cha is currently a professor in computer science at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. His research interests include multimedia computing system, multimedia communication networks, wireless and mobile communication systems and embedded system software. He received his B.S. and M.S. in computer engineering from Seoul National University, Korea, in 1985 and 1987, respectively. He received his Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Manchester, England, in 1991.Jongmin Lee is a Ph.D. candidiate in computer science at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. His research interests include wireless multimedia system, QoS architecture, multimedia communication networks. He received his B.S. and M.S. in computer science from Kwangwoon University in 1999 and 2001, respectively.Jongho Nang is a professor in the Department of Computer Science at Sogang University. He received his B.S. degree from Sogang University, Korea, in 1986 and M.S. and Ph.D. degree from KAIST, in 1988 and in 1992, respectively. His research interests are in the field of multimedia systems, digital video library, and Internet technologies. He is a member of KISS, ACM, and IEEE.Sung-Yong Park is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at Sogang University, Seoul, Korea. He received his B.S. degree in computer science from Sogang University, and both the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer science from Syracuse University. From 1987 to 1992, he worked for LG Electronics, Korea, as a research engineer. From 1998 to 1999, he was a research scientist at Telcordia Technologies (formerly Bellcore) where he developed network management software for optical switches. His research interests include high performance distributed computing and systems, operating systems, and multimedia.Jin-Hwan Jeong received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in computer science from Korea University, Seoul, Korea, in 1997, and 1999, respectively. He is currently in Ph.D. course at Korea University. His research interests include video processing for thin devices, multimedia streaming and operating systems.Chuck Yoo received the B.S. degree in electronics engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea and the M.S. and Ph.D. in computer science in University of Michigan. He worked as a researcher in Sun Microsystems Lab. from 1990 to 1995. He joined the Computer Science and Enginnering Department, Korea University, Seoul, Korea in 1995, where he is currently a professor. His research interests include high performance network, multimedia streaming, and operating systems.Jin-Young Choi received the B.S. degree from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, in 1982, the M.S. degree from Drexel University in 1986, and the Ph.D. degree from University of Pennsylvania, in 1993. He is currently a professor of Computer Science and Engineering Department, Korea University, Seoul, Korea. His current research interests are in real-time computing, formal methods, programming languages, process algebras, security, software engineering, and protocol engineering.     

网络流媒体传输中的自适应技术

如何在现有网络条件下进行多媒体音视频数据的有效传输控制是目前网络技术发展的一个热点。现在较多地采用流媒体技术来解决网络多媒体传输和播放的实时性需求，而自适应流媒体技术则是在不稳定的网络条件下进行数据传输有效控制的一种新技术。     

基于流媒体的天气预报电视会商VOD系统设计

结合流媒体技术实施要点,设计了中国气象局天气预报电视会商VOD系统,并对系统的流媒体架构、系统配置架构、软件流程等进行了详细说明.深入分析了系统实施的技术要点,如并发客户端数、流发布类型、信号同步等,设计的系统实现了多路视频信号的采集、上传、直播、点播、下载功能等,特别是视频流和VGA流双路信号的同步、同屏、可控播放.通过实际运行验证,系统运行稳定,有效拓展了电视会商系统的服务范围,有助于天气预报业务的发展.     

HTTP邮件网关设计和实现

本文首先介绍了HTTP邮件系统的基本原理和关键技术，然后针对其不提供POP3网关的问题．提出并实现了一种HTTP邮件网关。该网关实现了SMTP／POP3协议到HTTP协议的相互转换，使普通邮件客户程序也能方便快捷地在本地硬盘上收发HTTP邮件。     

Link Error Analysis and Modeling for Video Streaming Cross‐Layer Design in Mobile Communication Networks

Particularly in wireless communications, link errors severely affect the quality of the services due to the high error probability and the specific error characteristics (burst errors) in the radio access part of the network. In this work, we show that thorough analysis and appropriate modeling of radio‐link error behavior are essential to evaluate and optimize higher layer protocols and services. They are also the basis for finding network‐aware cross‐layer processing algorithms which are capable of exploiting the specific properties of the link error statistics, such as predictability. This document presents the analysis of the radio link errors based on measurements in live Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) radio access networks as well as new link error models originating from that analysis. It is shown that the knowledge of the specific link error characteristics leads to significant improvements in the quality of streamed video by applying the proposed novel network‐ and content‐aware cross‐layer scheduling algorithms. Although based on live UMTS network experience, many of the conclusions in this work are of general validity and are not limited to UMTS only.     

多级视频监控流媒体服务系统设计方案

多级视频监控系统是一种具有实际需要和应用价值的视频监控系统,其特点是视频流数据传输时间长,客户请求并发规模大,实时性能高,决定其诸多性能的关键和核心是流媒体(Streaming Media,SM)转发服务。介绍了多级视频监控系统中一种高效的流媒体转发服务设计和实现技术,内容涵盖流媒体转发服务、多级视频监控系统、调阅客户和调阅视频源等概念,流媒体转发服务网络拓扑、数据传输和模块设计等关键技术,以及系统应用与仿真测试结果。     

基于Android的流媒体播放器的设计与实现

针对Android自带多媒体库解码效率相对较低、支持视频文件格式少的问题,基于目前主流的Android系统及开源跨平台的音视频流方案FFmpeg,提出一种流媒体播放器的设计方案,并给出了方案实现步骤。通过在Linux环境下对集录制、转换音/视频编码功能为一体的完整的开源解决方案FFmpeg进行裁剪和优化,编译并移植到Android平台上,实现了远程视频监控和多种格式本地视频文件的播放。实验结果表明,Android流媒体播放器播放效果良好,可嵌入到其它Android应用软件中,应用前景广泛。     

Adaptive video streaming testbed design for performance study and assessment of QoE

Hypertext Transfer Protocol adaptive streaming switches between different video qualities, adapting to the network conditions, and avoids stalling streamed frames over high‐oscillation client's throughput improving the users' quality of experience (QoE). Quality of experience has become the most important parameter to lead the service providers to know about the end‐user feedback. Implementing Hypertext Transfer Protocol adaptive streaming applications to find out QoE in real‐life scenarios of vast networks becomes more challenging and complex task regarding to cost, agile, time, and decisions. In this paper, a virtualized network testbed to virtualize various machines to support implementing experiments of adaptive video streaming has been developed. Within the test study, the metrics which demonstrate performance of QoE are investigated, respectively, including initial delay (ie, startup delay at the beginning of playback a video), frequency switches (ie, number of times the quality is changed), accumulative video time (ie, number and length of stalls), CPU usage, and battery energy consumption. Furthermore, the relation between effective parameters of QoS on the aforementioned metrics for different segment length is investigated. Experimental results show that the proposed virtualized system is agile, easy to install and use, and costs less than real testbeds. Moreover, the subjective and objective performance studies of QoE evaluation in the system have proven that the segment lengths of 6 to 8 seconds were faired and more efficient than others according to the investigated parameters.     

基于IP网络音、视频流式传输的实现

提出了基于IP网络的音、视频流式传输的实现方案,对其相关技术作了分析;阐述了该方案的实现过程,并对音、视频流式传输的网络应用作了介绍.     

QoE optimization for HTTP adaptive streaming: Performance evaluation of MEC-assisted and client-based methods

Seamless streaming of high quality video under unstable network condition is a big challenge. HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) provides a solution that adapts the video quality according to the network conditions. Traditionally, HAS algorithm runs at the client side while the clients are unaware of bottlenecks in the radio channel and competing clients. The traditional adaptation strategies do not explicitly coordinate between the clients, servers, and cellular networks. The lack of coordination has been shown to lead to suboptimal user experience. As a response, multi-access edge computing (MEC)-assisted adaptation techniques emerged to take advantage of computing and content storage capabilities in mobile networks. In this study, we investigate the performance of both MEC-assisted and client-side adaptation methods in a multi-client cellular environment. Evaluation and comparison are performed in terms of not only the video rate and dynamics of the playback buffer but also the fairness and bandwidth utilization. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the algorithms under varying client, server, dataset, and network settings. Results demonstrate that the MEC-assisted algorithms improve fairness and bandwidth utilization compared to the client-based algorithms for most settings. They also reveal that the buffer-based algorithms achieve significant quality of experience; however, these algorithms perform poorly compared with throughput-based algorithms in protecting the playback buffer under rapidly varying bandwidth fluctuations. In addition, we observe that the preparation of the representation sets affects the performance of the algorithms, as does the playback buffer size and segment duration. Finally, we provide suggestions based on the behaviors of the algorithms in a multi-client environment.     

Quality of experience evaluation of HTTP video streaming based on user interactive behaviors

User interactive behaviors play a dual role during the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) video service: reflection and influence. However, they are seldom taken into account in practices. To this end, this paper puts forward the user interactive behaviors, as subjective factors of quality of experience (QoE) from viewer level, to structure a comprehensive multilayer evaluation model based on classic network quality of service (QoS) and application QoS. First, dual roles of user behaviors are studied and the characteristics are extracted where the user experience is correlated with user interactive behaviors. Furthermore, we categorize QoE factors into three dimensions and build the metric system. Then we perform the subjective tests and investigate the relationships among network path quality, user behaviors, and QoE. Ultimately, we employ the back propagation neural network (BPNN) to validate our analysis and model. Through the simulation experiment of mathematical and BPNN, the dual effects of user interaction behaviors on the reflection and influence of QoE in the video stream are analyzed, and the QoE metric system and evaluation model are established.     

Research on Q-learning based rate control approach for HTTP adaptive streaming

HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) has become the standard for adaptive video streaming service.In changing network environments,current hardcoded-based rate adaptation algorithm was less flexible,and it is insufficient to consider the quality of experience (QoE).To optimize the QoE of users,a rate control approach based on Q-learning strategy was proposed.the client environments of HTTP adaptive video streaming was modeled and the state transition rule was defined.Three parameters related to QoE were quantified and a novel reward function was constructed.The experiments were employed by the Q-learning rate control approach in two typical HAS algorithms.The experiments show the rate control approach can enhance the stability of rate switching in HAS clients.     

视频流关键技术的研究进展

视频流是在因特网上进行视频信息传送的主流方式.为了在因特网上传输高质量的视频流,需要采取相应的传输机制.本文从视频流传输框架出发,系统讨论了当前视频流关键技术的研究进展,分析了各种技术的特点,并指出进一步发展的前景.     

改善Internet视频流QoS的途径和方法

在当前Internet的尽力而为的服务模式下，网络拥塞和分组丢失不可避免，视频流必须使用有效的拥塞控制和差错控制来改善性能。本文分析了：Internet视频流QoS影响因素，提出了两种QoS解决方案：基于终端和基于网络。本文着重讨论了基于终端的QoS解决方案，在目前Internet的环境下，基于终端的QoS解决方案更具可行性。