应用摩擦摆支座的单层球面网壳地震响应分析

为研究摩擦摆支座对网壳结构抗震性能的影响,本文分析摩擦摆支座的隔振机理,应用LS-DYNA有限元软件对摩擦摆支座进行实体建模,并验证该种建模方法的正确性。将静力作用下的铰支座和摩擦摆支座单层球面网壳的力学性能进行对比,结果表明应用摩擦摆支座使网壳结构的初始变形增大;在此基础上,对应用摩擦摆支座的单层球面网壳施加不同强度的地震动,从杆件轴力、节点加速度和节点相对位移三个方面对结构的动力响应特性进行分析,并讨论摩擦摆支座在单层球面网壳结构中的有效性和适应性,得到随着地震动强度的增加,轴力振动幅值减小的杆件数目及加速度和相对位移减小的节点数目也是增加的结论。最后,通过对最外环杆件截面加强,对应用摩擦摆支座的单层球面网壳同样进行地震响应分析,讨论外环杆件加强对结构抗震性能的影响。     

基于摩擦摆支座的地铁车站减震控制参数敏感性分析

为研究摩擦摆支座参数对地铁车站结构地震响应的影响,以大开车站为研究对象,建立了三维精细化摩擦摆支座模型,开展了设置摩擦摆支座地铁车站结构的非线性动力时程分析。基于数值模拟结果,研究了摩擦摆支座滑面摩擦系数与滑面等效半径的不同组合对地铁车站结构地震响应的影响。研究发现,滑面摩擦系数与滑面等效半径的改变会明显改变地铁车站结构的地震响应,相比于滑面等效半径,滑面摩擦系数的改变对车站地震响应的影响更大。摩擦系数越小,车站中柱的地震响应越小。车站中柱的弯矩与变形随着摩擦摆支座等效半径的减小而增大,中柱剪力随等效半径的增大呈现出先减小后增大的趋势。     

模块化钢框架变摩擦摆隔震结构抗震性能研究

模块化建筑具有整体装配率高,施工绿色环保、高效等优点,然而其抗震性能相对较差,震后修复成本高。将隔震技术应用到模块化建筑中,可在不改动上部结构的前提下,改善其整体抗震能力。相比传统橡胶隔震技术,摩擦摆隔震技术具有承载力大、工业化程度高、湿作业少等优势。为此,研发了一种自适应变摩擦摆隔震支座,分析了该支座力学特性,确定其有限元模拟方法。对变摩擦摆隔震支座进行不同工况下剪切性能试验,试验和有限元模拟结果相对误差均在10%以内,验证了有限元模拟方法的正确性。基于GB/T 51408—2021《建筑隔震设计标准》提出模块化钢框架变摩擦摆隔震结构一体化直接设计方法,以实际工程为背景,设计模块化钢框架摩擦摆和变摩擦摆隔震结构,并对非隔震结构和隔震结构的抗震性能进行对比分析。研究表明：相比摩擦摆隔震支座,所提出变摩擦方式可实现支座等效刚度增加11%左右,等效阻尼比增加18%左右;相比摩擦摆支座隔震结构,变摩擦摆支座隔震结构的楼板加速度、层间位移角、层间剪力和上部结构损伤程度略有增加,但隔震层位移明显减小,且这种特性随地震动强度的增加而愈明显,体现了变摩擦摆支座的自适应性。     

Shaking table tests of bridge model with friction sliding bearings under bi-directional earthquake excitations

Abstract

The widespread use of seismic isolation to protect structures from damage has already been proven as an effective and economical method. In order to investigate the seismic performance and isolation effect of isolated bridge with the traditional friction pendulum bearing (FPB) and the novel triple friction pendulum bearing (TFPB), the force–displacement hysteretic relationships of FPB and TFPB were validated by the displacement-controlled tests, and the shaking table tests were carried out on a 1/10 scaled simple-supported bridge model with FPBs and TFPBs under bi-directional earthquake excitations. The effects of the friction coefficients and the radius of the TFPB on the seismic responses were analysed using the extensive experimental results. The experimental data and the numerical results show that the TFPB can be reliably used for the passive device to control the seismic response of the bridge, which could satisfy the demand of performance-based seismic design philosophy in high seismicity regions. In addition, the results illustrate that the bi-directional interaction of the TFPB has effects on the dynamic responses of the bridge. If the bi-directional interaction is ignored, the deck displacements are underestimated, which can be crucial from the design point of view.     

摩擦摆式抗震支座在现浇连续梁中的应用

以一座四跨连续梁桥为研究对象,结合土木工程通用有限元分析软件Midas分析地震力作用下桥梁使用普通盆式支座和摩擦摆支座对桥梁下部结构受力性能的影响,分析结果表明在地震力作用下,装有FPB隔震支座桥梁比非隔震支座桥梁具有良好的隔震效果。     

单层球面网壳的弹塑性稳定性

为了解和掌握单层球面网壳在静力荷载作用下的弹塑性稳定性能,采用有限元软件ANSYS及自编的前后处理程序对典型单层球面网壳结构稳定性能进行对比分析,初步了解了球面网壳弹性与弹塑性稳定性能的主要差异。在此基础上进行了1000余例K8型单层球面网壳弹性、弹塑性全过程分析,同时考虑竖向均布荷载的不对称分布、初始几何缺陷等因素对球面网壳稳定性能的影响,掌握了以上因素变化对球面网壳弹塑性稳定性能的影响规律,并将其定量化。最后,通过对弹性、弹塑性稳定极限承载力的统计分析,提出适用于K8、K6型球面网壳的塑性折减系数,用以表示材料非线性对极限承载力的影响。这些成果的获得为进一步开展网壳结构的弹塑性稳定性能研究以及工程实践提供了理论依据和技术参考。     

Elasto-plastic stability of single-layer reticulated domes with initial curvature of members

Initial curvature of members is an inevitable geometrical imperfection for reticulated domes. To investigate the stability of single-layer domes with initial curvature of members, the multi-beam method was presented to simulate the initial curvature of members, and two modeling methods were adopted to introduce the initial curvature of members for reticulated domes by means of ANSYS. First, the random imperfection mode method was introduced according to the randomness of initial curvature of members. The example of a Kiewitt-8 dome was used to explain the method and investigate the influence of angle and amplitude random variables on the stability of reticulated domes. Second, the modified consistent imperfection mode method was obtained, which was an efficient method to evaluate the lowest buckling load of the structure with initial curvature of members. Based on this method, the Kiewitt-6 and Kiewitt-8 single-layer reticulated domes were taken as examples to analyze the stability of structures with initial curvature of members, and the influences of initial curvature of members on the ideal structure and the structure with nodes deviation were obtained quantitatively. The results show that, for the ideal structure and the structure with nodes deviation, initial curvature of members can decrease the buckling load of the structure obviously. Initial curvature of members can change the buckling mode and plasticity development of the structure. The influence of initial curvature of members on the elasto-plastic stability of single-layer reticulated domes cannot be neglected.     

摩擦摆隔震支座在地震反应中的影响分析

本文以一座7层框架结构作为研究对象,运用有限元分析软件SAP2000,对摩擦摆基础隔震结构进行地震反应分析,输入地震波EI-Centro波,通过调整摩擦摆支座的摩擦系数,分析在不同的摩擦系数下结构的周期、基底位移、楼层加速度的影响变化,表明随着支座摩擦系数的增大,结构自振周期逐渐变小,楼层的滑动位移反应也呈减小的趋势,但楼层加速度反应会逐渐变大,为滑移隔震技术应用到实际工程提供了参考依据。     

Study of the mechanics of progressive collapse of FPB isolated beam-pier substructures

The horizontal stiffness of the isolated layer is reduced substantially by a friction pendulum bearing (FPB) toprotectthe structure from potential damages caused by earthquakes. However, horizontal stiffness is essential to progressive collapse resistance of structures. This paper presents a simplified model to assess the progressive collapse response of beam-pier substructure isolated by FPB. Progressive collapse resistance by flexural action of the beam and additional resistance owing to the horizontal restraining force was achieved. The influences of the equivalent radius and friction coefficient of the FPB, the applied axial force on the FPB, and span-depth ratio of the beam on the additional resistance were investigated. Simulations were conducted to verify the proposed model. The results show that progressive collapse resistance provided by horizontal restraining can be reduced as large as 46% and 88% during compressive arching action (CAA) and catenary action (CA), respectively. The equivalent radius of the FPB shows limited effect on the progressive collapse response of FPB isolated structures, but friction coefficient and applied axial force, as well as depth ratio of the beam, show significant influences on the additional progressive collapse resistance capacity. Finite element method (FEM) results are in good agreement with the result obtained by the proposed method.     

Failure mechanism of single-layer steel reticular domes with reinforced concrete substructure subjected to severe earthquakes

This paper performs the research on failure mechanism of single-layer steel reticulated domes with the reinforced concrete substructure subjected to sever earthquakes. Based on ABAQUS, this paper built user-defined material subroutines of the steel and the reinforced concrete, which took material non-linearity and the material damage accumulation into consideration. The failure mechanism of reticulated domes with reinforced concrete substructures under severe earthquakes is studied by the nonlinear dynamic response analysis. Three different failure modes of single-layer reticular domes with different sizes of reinforced concrete substructure are illustrated. Failure criterion is put forward to discriminate the failure modes and to estimate the critical load strength for single-layer reticular domes based on the structural damage theory. It has been found that reinforced concrete substructure has significant impact on the failure behaviors and the critical load of reticulated domes under seismic loads. It is essential to consider the influence of the reinforced concrete substructure upon the failure behaviors in the structural analysis and design process of reticular domes.     

单层柱面铝合金网壳结构强震失效机理及地震易损性

通过有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了单层柱面铝合金网壳结构的有限元分析模型,利用增量动力分析方法（IDA）对网壳结构进行强震作用下动力响应全过程分析,获得了单层柱面铝合金网壳结构强震失效模式。基于模糊数学理论提出单层柱面铝合金网壳结构强震失效判别方法,结合结构损伤理论拟合网壳结构强震损伤因子,通过大规模参数分析定义适用于铝合金网壳结构的损伤程度分级,对铝合金网壳结构不同损伤状态进行划分。通过随机抽样选取一定数量的结构-地震样本,对铝合金网壳结构开展地震易损性分析,通过回归分析建立地震易损性函数,获得单层柱面铝合金网壳结构的概率地震易损性曲线。结果表明：通过结构地震易损性分析可以看出铝合金网壳结构具有良好的抗震性能,在强震作用下保持基本完好或仅有轻微破坏的概率较大。     

基于三向敏感频率的单层球面网壳结构地震动强度参数分析

选择合适的地震动强度参数可减小其与结构响应相关分析结果的离散性。以Kiewitt-8型单层球面网壳结构为研究对象,对算例结构进行谐响应分析,确定结构三个方向的敏感频率;提出基于三向敏感频率的地震动强度参数加速度谱Sa,3d。采用有限元软件ABAQUS对算例结构进行三向地震动作用下的增量动力分析,并对分析结果进行统计分析,从相关性和有效性两个方面对Sa,3d进行评价。结果表明：Sa,3d与单层球面网壳结构的地震响应具有更好的相关性,且具有较好的有效性,建议对单层球面网壳结构,采用Sa,3d 作为地震动强度参数进行增量动力分析。     

Finite element formulations and theoretical study for variable curvature friction pendulum system

The friction pendulum system (FPS), a type of base isolation technology, has been recognized as a very efficient tool for controlling the seismic response of a structure during an earthquake. However, previous studies have focused mainly on the seismic behavior of base-isolated structures far from active earthquake faults. In recent years, there have been significant studies on the efficiency of the base isolator when subjected to near-fault ground motions. It is suggested from these studies that the long-duration pulse of near-fault ground motions results in significant response of a base-isolated structure. In view of this, an advanced base isolator called the variable curvature friction pendulum system (VCFPS) is proposed in this study. The radius of the curvature of VCFPS is lengthened with an increase of the isolator displacement. Therefore, the fundamental period of the base-isolated structure can be shifted further away from the predominant period of near-fault ground motions. Finite element formulations for VCFPS have also been proposed in this study. The numerical results show that the base shear force and story drift of the superstructure during near-fault ground motion can be controlled within a desirable range with the installation of VCFPS. Therefore, the VCFPS can be adopted for upgrading the seismic resistance of the structures adjacent to an active fault.     

Sensitivity of Seismic Response and Fragility to Parameter Uncertainty of Single-Layer Reticulated Domes

Quantitatively modeling and propagating all sources of uncertainty stand at the core of seismic fragility assessment of structures. This paper investigates the effects of various sources of uncertainty on seismic responses and seismic fragility estimates of single-layer reticulated domes. Sensitivity analyses are performed to examine the sensitivity of typical seismic responses to uncertainties in structural modeling parameters, and the results suggest that the variability in structural damping, yielding strength, steel ultimate strain, dead load and snow load has significant effects on the seismic responses, and these five parameters should be taken as random variables in the seismic fragility assessment. Based on this, fragility estimates and fragility curves incorporating different levels of uncertainty are obtained on the basis of the results of incremental dynamic analyses on the corresponding set of 40 sample models generated by Latin Hypercube Sampling method. The comparisons of these fragility curves illustrate that, the inclusion of only ground motion uncertainty is inappropriate and inadequate, and the appropriate way is incorporating the variability in the five identified structural modeling parameters as well into the seismic fragility assessment of single-layer reticulated domes.     

Effect of substructures upon failure behavior of steel reticulated domes subjected to the severe earthquake

This paper presents the study on the influence of substructures on the failure behavior of steel reticulated domes subjected to the severe earthquake. The full-range dynamic response analysis method is applied to investigate the failure characteristics of single-layer steel reticulated domes with substructures subjected to the severe earthquake. The natural vibration properties are studied. Two typical failure modes of steel reticulated domes with substructures are illustrated according to the stiffness of substructures. Failure criterion is proposed to estimate the ultimate load strength for single-layer steel reticulated domes. It is observed that the substructure has great influence on the failure characteristics and the ultimate load strength of steel reticulated domes subjected to the severe earthquake. It is necessary to take substructure into consideration in analysis and design stage.     

屋面系统对单层球面网壳稳定性及地震响应的影响研究

单层球面网壳的静力稳定性及抗震性能已经取得较为系统的研究成果,但在传统的研究方法中,学者们只考虑结构部分,忽略了屋面板、吊顶、隔墙等非结构构件的影响;其中,屋面系统作为一类非结构构件,其平面刚度较大、在动力荷载下的阻尼也较大的特点会在一定程度上影响结构的受力特性。因此,选取考虑屋面系统的单层球面网壳作为研究对象,开展屋面系统对于单层球面网壳弹塑性稳定性及抗震性能的影响研究。采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS分别建立带屋面系统单层球面网壳和传统单层球壳的数值模型;通过弧长法分别对两种模型进行均布荷载作用下的非线性数值模拟,对比分析屋面系统对单层球面网壳弹塑性稳定承载力的影响;对考虑屋面系统的网壳结构进行不同地震荷载作用下的时程动力分析,采用基于响应的分析方法,考察屋面系统对于网壳结构抗震性能的影响,得到屋面系统会显著提高网壳整体刚度、增强结构抗震能力的结论;本研究可为以后网壳结构的理论研究及工程实践提供一定的参考。     

Effectiveness of sliding isolators with variable curvature in near‐fault ground motions

Recent studies have revealed that a sliding isolator with variable curvature (SIVC) can mitigate the resonance phenomenon likely to occur in seismic response of a conventional friction pendulum system (FPS) isolator due to its constant isolation frequency. The present study simulates four SIVC isolators and an FPS to find the optimum range of initial isolation period and coefficient of friction and employ them in comparing the effectiveness of SIVC in different peak ground acceleration (PGA) scales of near‐fault earthquakes. Velocity‐dependent coefficient of friction and modified viscoplasticity model have been used to simulate nonlinear friction force of the isolators. Results indicate identical performance of all SIVC isolators in PGA scales up to 0.4 g. When subjected to PGA scales from 0.4 g to 1.0 g, polynomial friction pendulum isolator (PFPI) and variable curvature friction pendulum system (VCFPS) reduce base displacement greatly, while conical friction pendulum isolator (CFPI) and variable frequency pendulum isolator (VFPI) show amplified responses. However, in mitigating structural acceleration, performance of CFPI and VFPI, unlike PFPI and VCFPS, which perform poorly, is excellent. Thus, in a strong near‐fault earthquake, PFPI and VCFPS or CFPI and VFPI can be chosen based on whether reduction of base displacement or super‐structural acceleration is the main concern of designer, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单层球面网壳火灾爆炸动力响应

以K8型单层球面网壳为研究对象,考虑几何非线性和温度对材料性能的影响,完整模拟了单层球面网壳在发生火灾的不同阶段受到爆炸冲击作用时的动力性状。据B-R准则,通过爆炸峰值超压与结构动力特征响应之间的关系,可判定K8型单层球面网壳在不同火灾阶段,爆炸冲击作用下的动力稳定性临界峰值超压。分析了单层球面网壳的矢跨比、屋面荷载、约束布置等参数对其在不同火灾阶段的爆炸冲击动力稳定性的影响。研究表明:火灾对网壳结构在爆炸冲击作用下的动力稳定性有较大影响,当网壳杆件最高温度达500℃以上时,结构的抗爆能力明显降低。矢跨比、屋面质量、约束布置对网壳在火灾不同阶段的抗爆能力均有不同程度的影响。     

Effect of BRBs on the seismic resistance of single-layer reticulated domes

This paper considers the seismic resistance of buckling restrained braces (BRB) in single-layer reticulated domes and their substructures. The method of tracing the full-range dynamic response is used to analyze the seismic response of dome structures with different embedded braces. Based on results relating to critical responses, such as displacement, development of plastic deformation and ultimate load, the effect of BRBs on key design parameters, including core area, yield stress, installing forms etc., is examined. The effect of a dome’s rise-span ratio on the structure is also investigated. It is concluded that BRBs between supporting columns can effectively improve a structure’s seismic performance.     

大矢跨比单层球面网壳动力试验模型弹塑性稳定分析

为了解水平地震作用下具有不同失效机制的单层球面网壳结构在静力荷载作用下的弹塑性稳定性能,利用有限元软件ANSYS,对两个矢跨比为1/2的单层球面网壳结构试验模型进行双重非线性全过程分析,获得结构的弹塑性极限承载力,比较二者的失稳模态,初步了解二者之间的差异。考察结构杆件屈曲、初始缺陷等因素对结构稳定性能的影响,并分析各因素对结构极限承载力的影响规律。结果表明,地震作用下,具有强度破坏特征的网壳结构在静力下的失稳模式表现为结构的整体失稳,而发生动力失稳破坏的结构则表现为局部失稳破坏。杆件失稳和初始缺陷使结构的临界荷载大幅度降低,且地震作用下属于强度破坏的单层球面网壳结构在静力下对初始缺陷的敏感性大于动力失稳破坏结构。