Magnetocaloric effect in Gd5(Si,Ge)4 based alloys and composites

The research on magnetocaloric materials for applications concentrates, among other, on two parameters: the ordering temperature and the value of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE). The optimization consists in tuning the former without significant drop in the latter. These studies report on the magnetic susceptibility, magnetization curves, heat capacity and magnetocaloric effect measurements for compositionally and structurally modified Gd₅Si₄ compound. The modifications are based on the doping of the parent compound with an excess Gd atoms and substitution of Si with B as well as on the dimensional effect studied by mechanical milling. Moreover, composite samples of the type Gd:Gd₅Si₂Ge₂ were investigated revealing the influence of the intergranular interactions on the magnetocaloric properties. It appears that these interventions enable a controllable steering of the ordering temperature shifting it towards the room temperature with, in some cases, minor reduction of the parameters characterizing MCE.     

Microstructure to thermomagnetic and mechanical properties relationship in Gd75Ge15Si5Pr5 alloy

The relationship between topography, thermomagnetic and mechanical properties in the as-cast Gd₇₅Ge₁₅Si₅Pr₅ alloy was studied. Atomic force microscopy investigations accompanied by micrograph analysis confirm dual phase nature (observed as dark and bright phase) of the investigated material. The mechanical properties studies performed with respect to the Oliver–Pharr procedure show that the average instrumental hardness, Young's modulus and elastic deformation energy to total energy ratio equal 905 HV and 596 HV, 131 and 91 GPa, 40% and 45% for the dark and bright phase, respectively. The Curie point defined as inflection point on the magnetization versus temperature curve M(T) recorded in zero-field cooled mode equals 283 K. From the law of approach to magnetic saturation the temperature dependence of effective anisotropy constant K_eff was calculated in ferromagnetic region. It is also stated that the minimum observed on thermomagnetic M(T) characteristic at 100 K is associated with K_eff(T) dependence.     

Table-like magnetocaloric effect and large refrigerant capacity of composite magnetic refrigerants based on LaFe11.6Si1.4Hy alloys

Composite magnetic refrigerants were prepared by physical mixing LaFe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)H_y alloys with different Curie temperatures(Tc). The phase structures of these LaFe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)H_y alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and the magnetocaloric effect(MCE) and refrigerant capacity(RC) of these composite magnetic refrigerants were investigated by experiment and calculation in this paper. The magnetocaloric effect(MCE) and refrigerant capacity(RC) of these composite magnetic refrigerants were investigated by experiment and calculation in this paper. The results indicate the experimental magnetic entropy change(-△S_M)-Tcurve corresponds reasonably with the(-△S_M)-Tcurve calculated by the linear combination of(-△S_M)-T curves of the single material. An optimal mixing ratio can make the composite magnetic refrigerant possess a table-like(-△S_M)-Tcurve which is beneficial to magnetic Ericsson cycle. When three LaFe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)H_y alloys with different T_c are mixed, the full width at half maximum(△T_(FWHM)) of(-△S_M)-T curves is about 48.7 K and the RC is about 177.76 J/kg under a magnetic field change of 2 T. The composite magnetic refrigerants based on LaFe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)H_y alloys can be promising candidates for near room temperature magnetic refrigeration and the work will be helpful to develop novel composite magnetic refrigerants with table-like MCE and large RC.     

Magnetic properties and large magnetocaloric effects of GdPd intermetallic compound

With the intention to explore excellent magnetocaloric materials, the intermetallic compound GdPd was synthesized by arc melting and heat treatment. The microstructure, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the intermetallic compound of GdPd were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the physical property measurement system(PPMS). A large reversible magnetocaloric effect is observed in GdPd accompanied by a second order magnetic phase transition from paramagnetism to ferromagnetism at ～39 K. The paramagnetic Curie temperature(θp) and the effective magnetic moment(μ_(eff))are determined to be 34.7 K and 8.12 μ_B/Gd,respectively. The maximum entropy change(|△S_M~(Max)|) and the relative cooling power(RCP) under a field change of 5 T are estimated to be 20.14 J/(kg·K) and 433 J/kg, respectively. The giant reversible magnetocaloric effects(both the large△S_M and the high RCP) together with the absence of thermal and field hysteresis make the GdPd compound an attractive candidate for low-temperature magnetic refrigeration.     

Effect of excess lanthanum on corrosion and magnetocaloric property of LaFe11.5Si1.5 compounds

The corrosion and magnetocaloric property of LaFe_11.5Si_1.5 compound with excess La from 0 wt% to 15 wt% were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemical workstation and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). With the increase of excess La from 0 wt%, 5 wt% to 10 wt% and 15 wt%, most of the La-rich phase changes from granular La₂O₃ phase to grain boundary LaFeSi phase. The La₂O₃ is more stable than the main 1:13 phase, while LaFeSi phase is easy to be corroded than the 1:13 phase. The maximum entropy change ?ΔS_max is 18.60, 21.48, 19.66 and 16.28 J/(kg·K) for 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 15 wt% excess of La, respectively. As adding 5 wt% excess La in LaFe_11.5Si_1.5 compound leads to nearly single 1:13 phase, the largest magnetic entropy change and better corrosion resistance are obtained.     

Gd含量对Gd5Si2Ge2晶体结构和磁性能的影响

用非自耗电弧炉熔炼了Gd5 xSi2Ge2系列样品。用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和Rietveld方法研究了Gd5 xSi2Ge2系列样品的晶体结构。用自制的仪器测量了样品的居里温度,用振动样品磁强计研究了样品的磁卡效应。对样品的晶体结构分析结果表明:Gd的含量x的变化对Gd5Si2Ge2化合物的晶体结构有较大的影响,当x>0时,样品中含有Gd5(Si,Ge)4和Gd5(Si,Ge)3两个相,并且随着x的增加Gd5(Si,Ge)4相会减少,Gd5(Si,Ge)3相会增加;当x<0时,样品会形成Gd5(Si,Ge)4和Gd(Si,Ge)两相,并且随着x的减少Gd5(Si,Ge)4相会减少,Gd(Si,Ge)相会增多。对样品的磁性能分析结果表明:Gd的含量x>0和x<0时都会降低样品的磁卡效应,样品的居里温度会随着x的增加而增加。     

Microstructure,magnetism and nanomechanical properties of Ni50Mn25Ga20Gd5 magnetic shape memory alloy before and after heat treatment

Polycrystalline Ni₅₀Mn₂₅Ga₂₀Gd₅ (at%) magnetic shape memory alloy was investigated in the as-prepared state and after annealing at 1430 K for 3 h. Microstructural analysis reveals dual-phase nature of the material with substantial distinction between Gd-rich and Gd-poor phases. Magnetic measurements performed in wide range of temperatures confirm reversible martensitic transformation in the annealed sample undergoing close to the room temperature. When it comes to the magnetic transition, the Curie temperature of the investigated alloy remains approximately unchanged at 370 K. Topography investigations conducted on the atomic force microscope in contact mode allow to measure 8 mm difference between minimum and maximum point of the martensite profile. The results from a series of nanoindentation tests show that hardness of the Gd-rich phase is 23%–35% higher than hardness of the Gd-poor phase, depending on the annealing state.     

Influences of different Zr/Sc ratios on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-2Si alloy

The influences of different Zr/Sc ratios on the microstructural evolution and mechanical performances of Al-2 Si alloy were investigated in this paper.The as-cast samples were characterized and analyzed by the scanning electron microscope(SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) to indicate the refining effect of the different Zr/Sc ratios on the α-Al and Si phases in Al-2 Si alloy.The results indicate that the α-Al phases are refined from coarse dendritic structure to relatively fine equiaxed grains when the Zr/Sc ratio is equal to 1:1.Meanwhile,the eutectic Si phase in Al-2 Si-0.2 Zr-0.2 Sc alloy is modified from the coarse plate and needle to fine fiber and partial granular structure,and the average roundness of eutectic Si is decreased by 75% from 16 to 4.With the refinement of α-Al phases and the modification of eutectic Si structure,the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) is improved by 53% and the elongation(EL) is increased by 64% when the Zr/Sc ratio is equal to 1:1.In addition,the UTS decreases and EL is enhanced with the increase of tensile temperature.Moreover,the fracture model of Al-2 Si-0.2 Zr-0.2 Sc alloy in250℃ changes into the ductile fracture.     

C对Gd的磁热性能和显微硬度的影响

研究了Gd1-xCx(x≤0.05)合金的磁性、磁热性能、显微硬度。结果表明,当x≤0.05,与纯Gd比较,Gd1-xCx合金的显微硬度明显得到提高,同时居里温度,磁热性能的变化不大。含微量C的Gd1-xCx合金作制冷工质优于纯金属Gd。     

Preparation and properties of bifunctional Gd2O3/GQD composite nanoparticles

Nanocomposites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) modified gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) particles were successfully synthesized. In addition, the effects of the amount of GQDs and the particle size of Gd₂O₃ on the properties of nanocomposites were investigated. The structures and properties of nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectrometry, and magnetic resonance imaging. The results show that the synthesized particles Gd₂O₃/GQD are spherical with a diameter of approximately 40 nm and have excellent fluorescence and magnetic property, and its relaxation rate (r₁ = 25.18 (mmol/L)^?1/s) is higher than that of the typical commercial contrast agents Gd-DTPA (r₁ = 4.5 (mmol/L)^?1/s). The fluorescence property of Gd₂O₃/GQD is optimized by varying the V_GQDs:V_Gd2O3 ratio, and 1:1 ratio of V_GQDs:V_Gd2O3 results in the best fluorescence property. The large particles of Gd₂O₃ improve the relaxation property of nanocomposites. Therefore, the nanocomposites Gd₂O₃/GQD with magnetic and fluorescence characteristics can be used in biological imaging, drug targeting, and in-vivo diagnostic analysis.     

Sintering and magnetocaloric properties of gas atomised LaFe11.0Si1.2Co0.8

ABSTRACT

The sintering behaviour of LaFe_11.0Si_1.2Co_0.8 powder produced by gas atomisation was examined to provide a basis for the application of powder metallurgical shaping technologies to magnetocaloric La(Fe,Si)₁₃-alloys. The aim was to establish sintering parameters for attaining both high densification and good magnetocaloric properties for the investigated particle sizes <10 µm and <25?µm. Dilatometry measurements and sintering trials were carried out and density, microstructure and entropy change ΔS of the sintered samples were analysed. For the fine particles <10?µm, the lowest investigated sintering temperature 1150°C results in a relative density of 97%, a low α-Fe content and a high ΔS?=??5?J?kg^?1?K^?1 (ΔH=2?T). For powder <25?µm, a two-stage process is required to achieve similar properties.     

T6处理对Mg-10Gd-3Y-O.6Zr合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

The effects of solution and ageing treatment (T6) on microstructure and tensile properties of as - extruded Mg- 10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr (mass fraction. % ) alloy were investigated. The results show that after T6 treatment, the diameter of grain increases to 20 μm. As the second phases dissolve into the matrix, the smaller and denser β phases precipitate inside the grains. After T6 -treatment, both yield strength (TYS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) are increased. Comparing with that in only ageing condition (T5), the UTS and TYS increased from 365 MPa, 285 MPa to 400 MPa, 310 MPa, respectively, but the elongation decreased from 7.0% to 3.5%. It has been found that the effects of precipitates on the strength are stronger than that of the growth of grain size.     

添加Co,La元素对90W-Ni-Fe合金性能和组织的影响

采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）等，研究在氢气保护、真空烧结条件下添加不同含量的Co、La合金元素对90W-Ni—Fe合金显微组织及性能的影响。结果表明：加入适量的Co、La元素，可以改善粘结相与钨颗粒间的润湿性，La以固溶强化的方式强化钨颗粒及粘结相，从而提高了合金性能。当Co、La元素含量为1．1％（质量分数）时，合金中出现了La的富集与氧的偏析，导致合金性能降低；当添加0．7％的Co、La时，试样强度及伸长率出现极大值，分别为930MPa和24．0％；添加0．5％的Co、La时，试样相对密度出现99．30％的极大值。     

钒合金化对Gd5Si2Ge2巨磁热效应合金结构和性能的影响

Gd5Si2Ge2合金的发现为常温范围磁制冷实用化发展提供了可能,然而其居里温度有待进一步提高。本文就添加钒进行合金化对它的改性作用开展了初步研究。结果表明:Gd5(Si2-xGe2-xV2x)合金(x≤0.03)能保持母相Gd5Si2Ge2的晶体结构,但显微组织却随钒的加入而发生显著改变;钒合金化使合金居里温度由～3℃提高到～18℃,同时磁化强度水平升高,居里点附近磁化强度变化陡度增大。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10Y-2.5Sm alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of aged Mg-10Y-2.5Sm alloy were investigated.The results showed that the microstructure of the alloy consisted of α-Mg matrix and Mg24Y5 phase,and fine Mg24Y5 particles distributed in α-Mg matrix uniformly and dispersedly.Sm enhanced α-Mg matrix and Mg24Y5 phase by solid solution effect.At 200-300 oC,the ultimate tensile strengths were more than 200 MPa and the elongations were about 3%.Compared with those at room temperature,the mechanical properties had no obvious changes.     

Influence of cooling rate on magneto-structural transition and magnetocaloric effect of Ni30Cu8Co12Mn37Ga13 alloy

The influence of heat treatment with different cooling rates on phase transition behaviors and magnetocaloric effect is systematically studied.Difference in atomic order is induced by changing cooling rates,where ordered phase is obtained in the furnace cooled(FC)sample while disordered phase is reserved in the water quenched(WQ)sample.The coupled magneto-structural transition is detected in both samples but the characteristic temperature significantly shifts to lower temperatures with increasing atomic order.Giant magnetic entropy change(ΔS_(mag))derived from magnetic field induced martensitic transformation is confirmed for both samples,and can be remarkably enhanced by the atomic ordering.The largestΔS_(mag) of 20.9J/(kg·K)is obtained at 307.5Kunder 5Tin the FC sample.     

Gd（0.97-x）Dy_xV_（0.03）-Cu磁制冷材料复合工艺研究

利用导热模型对磁制冷材料与Cu的复合能否提高传热效率进行了可行性分析。采用真空扩散焊接实现了Gd0.97-xDyxV0.03（x=0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3）合金与Cu两种性能差异很大的材料之间的复合连接,其最佳复合工艺参数为：焊接温度610℃,压强为16MPa,保温时间为110min。复合后的磁制冷材料的最大结合强度为24.6Mpa,并且磁制冷材料与Cu界面结合紧密,无缝隙等缺陷,该工艺为复合磁制冷材料制备方法提供了新的工艺方向。     

Enhanced magnetic properties of Ce17Fe76.5Co1Zr0.5B6 alloys by magnetic field heat treatment

In the present work, Ce₁₇Fe_76.5Co₁Zr_0.5B₆ ribbons were prepared by a direct melt spinning method. The effects of chamber pressure and magnetic field annealing temperature on the magnetic properties and microstructures of the alloys were investigated. The grain size and content of Ce₂Fe₁₄B phase can be changed by adjusting the chamber pressure, and the optimal magnetic performance is obtained at 0.04 MPa. The magnetic properties can be influenced under magnetic field heat treatment. When the annealing temperature is lower than the Curie temperature, the refinement and a uniform distribution of the grains is obtained. The irreversible magnetic susceptibility curve reveals that magnetic field heat treatment enhances the exchange coupling interaction between grains of the Ce₂Fe₁₄B phase. When the magnetic field annealing temperature is 438 K, the alloy displays the optimal magnetic properties. Compared with the as-spun sample, the values of intrinsic coercivity (H_ci), remanence (B_r) and maximum energy product ((BH)_max) increase by 3.4%, 9.8% and 18.7%, respectively. This work provides an effective approach by which to enhance the magnetic properties of Ce–Fe–B alloys.     

Microstructures and Properties of Melt-Spun and As-Cast Mg-20Gd Binary Alloy

Mg-20Gd（ %, mass fraction）samples were prepared using melt-spinning and copper mold casting techniques. Microstructures and properties of the Mg-20Gd were investigated. Results show that the melt-spun ribbon is mainly composed of supersaturated a-Mg solid solution phase and the as-cast ingot mainly contains a-Mg solid solution and MgsGd phase. The differential scanning calorimeter （DSC） curve of the ribbon exhibits a small exothermic peak in the temperature range from 630 to 680 K, which indicates that the ribbon contains a metastable phase （amorphous）. Tensile strength at room temperature of the melt-spun ribbon and as-cast specimen are 308 and 254 MPa, respectively. The elongations of the two samples are less than 2 %. The fracture surfaces demonstrate that the fracture mode of the as-cast Mg-20Gd is a typical cleavage fracture and that of the melt-spun sample is a combination of brittle fracture and ductile fracture.