Behaviour of flush end plate joints to concrete-filled steel tubular columns

This paper presents the results of an experimental program for bolted moment connection joints of circular or square concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns, and H-shaped steel beams using high-strength blind bolts. In order to investigate the static performance and failure modes of the blind bolted connection, an experimental program was conducted involving four sub-assemblages of cruciform beam-to-column joints subjected to monotonic loading. Moment-rotation relationships of the tested connections were obtained and their performance was evaluated in terms of their stiffness, moment capacities and ductility. The test parameters varied were the column section type and the thickness of the end plate. The results showed that the proposed blind bolted connection, which behaves in a semi-rigid and partial strength manner according to the EC3 specification, displays reasonable strength and stiffness. The rotation capacity of this type of connection to square or circular CFST columns exceeds 70 mrad and this satisfies the ductility requirements for earthquake-resistance in most aseismic regions. The blind bolted connection is shown to be a reliable and effective solution for moment-resisting composite frame structures.     

Hysteretic behaviour of flush end plate joints to concrete-filled steel tubular columns

The results of an experimental research study involving the testing of four bolted moment-resisting connections under simulated seismic loading conditions are presented. Each test specimen modeled the interior joint of a moment-resisting frame consisting of H-shaped steel beams and circular or square concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns using high-strength blind bolts. In order to investigate the seismic behaviour of the blind bolted flush end plate joints to CFST columns, the hysteretic performance, failure modes, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation of the connection type are evaluated in detail. The test parameters varied included the column section type and the thickness of the end plate. The experimental results indicate that both the blind bolted connections with circular and square sections exhibited excellent hysteretic behaviour in terms of their moment–rotation response, strain distributions and energy dissipation. Under cyclic loading, all tested specimens displayed large rotation ductility capacities, and the failure modes were similar to those under monotonic loads. The effects of cyclic loading on the behaviour of the composite joint were obvious, especially on load bearing and stiffness of the connections. The joint type exhibited excellent seismic performance, so that it can be effectively utilized in moment-resisting composite frame structures.     

装配式钢管混凝土组合框架的抗震性能试验研究

圆形或方形钢管混凝土柱与钢梁通过单边高强螺栓和适宜端板连接组成框架,通过钢筋桁架混凝土组合楼板形成了新型装配式组合框架。为了解装配式钢管混凝土组合框架在地震作用下的抗震性能和受力机理,进行了2榀两层单跨钢管混凝土柱与钢-混凝土组合梁通过单边高强度螺栓和平齐或外伸端板连接形成的组合框架的水平低周反复荷载试验,研究了柱截面形式和端板连接类型对组合框架破坏形式和抗震性能的影响。详细地观察了此类组合框架在水平低周反复荷载作用下的受力全过程和楼板裂缝发展规律,得到了此类结构的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化规律、延性、耗能能力等抗震性能指标。试验结果表明,单边螺栓端板连接装配式钢管混凝土组合框架结构具有良好的滞回性能和耗能能力,延性系数μ为2.13~4.28,能量耗散系数E为0.652~0.90。在柱截面含钢率相同条件下,圆钢管混凝土组合框架的承载力小于方钢管混凝土组合框架,其延性、耗能性能优于方钢管混凝土组合框架。研究成果将为我国装配式钢管混凝土组合框架设计理论与应用提供科学依据。     

T形钢管混凝土柱-工字钢梁框架顶层边节点抗震性能试验研究

选择T形截面钢管混凝土异形柱-工字钢梁框架顶层边节点为研究对象,按1∶2的缩尺比例设计并制作3个“弱节点”模型和1个“强节点”模型,通过施加恒定轴压比的竖向荷载和低周往复水平荷载,对节点模型进行加载破坏试验,观察节点模型的受力过程和破坏形态,得到水平荷载-柱端位移滞回曲线和骨架曲线,分析节点荷载特征值、延性、耗能以及刚度退化等。试验结果和分析表明：弱节点试件破坏形态主要为节点核心区在剪压复合应力作用下的剪切破坏,随轴压比增大,试件受剪承载力提高,但其延性和耗能能力有所下降;强节点试件破坏形态为钢梁的局部屈曲破坏,节点区基本完好,滞回曲线饱满,延性系数为3.89;合理地设计钢管混凝土异形柱-钢梁框架边节点,可满足抗震延性要求,实现“强柱弱梁,节点更强”的抗震设计目标。     

弯-剪-扭耦合荷载作用下钢管混凝土短柱受力性能研究

为研究钢管混凝土短柱在剪切和扭转复合作用下的受力性能,开展了10个钢管混凝土短柱试件在纯扭、弯-剪和弯-剪-扭荷载作用下的拟静力往复加载及单调加载试验,得到了钢管混凝土短柱的荷载-变形曲线和钢管应变分布规律。试验结果表明：钢管混凝土短柱具有良好的承载能力和塑性性能;在纯扭作用下,圆形钢管混凝土短柱在往复扭转荷载作用下钢管发生低周疲劳破坏;方形钢管混凝土短柱在单调及往复扭转荷载作用下钢管面外发生斜向局部屈曲;纯扭往复荷载作用下的钢管混凝土柱的荷载-变形骨架曲线与单调加载下基本一致;在弯-剪及弯-剪-扭复合荷载作用下,在进入塑性工作阶段前截面的轴向变形基本满足“平截面假定”;在弯-剪-扭耦合荷载作用下,短柱的破坏模式取决于弯扭比,在弯扭比较大（为1.90）时,其类似于弯剪破坏,在弯扭比较小（为0.96）时,其类似于扭转破坏。在有限元模拟及大量参数分析的基础上,得到了钢管混凝土短柱的弯-剪-扭承载力相关方程,承载力计算结果与有限元分析结果吻合较好。     

Post-fire behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular column to axially and rotationally restrained steel beam joint

This paper presents a numerical investigation on the post-fire behaviour of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) column to restrained steel beam joint. An entire loading and fire phase, including ambient loading, heating with constant loads, cooling with constant loads and post-fire loading, was employed in the numerical analysis, and a finite element analysis (FEA) model was built to simulate the behaviour of CFST column to axially and rotationally restrained steel beam joints with external diaphragm connections under the entire loading and fire phase. For validation, the proposed modelling method was used to predict the test results of CFST columns and joints in fire and post-fire. The comparison demonstrates that the accuracy of the proposed FEA model is acceptable. Afterwards, the FEA model was used to analyse the mechanics characteristics of CFST column to restrained steel beam joints in the entire loading and fire phase. Based on the numerical analysis, the joint moment versus relative rotation angle relationship in the entire loading and fire phase was addressed, and the residual joint strength index and stiffness index were defined to evaluate the post-fire performance of joints. Finally, simplified calculating formulas were proposed to calculate the two indexes, which provide a simply and feasible method to evaluate the post-fire performance of external diaphragm joints in the CFST column - steel beam framed structure.     

钢筋增强ECC-钢管混凝土组合柱抗震性能试验及其数值模拟

为研究钢筋增强ECC-钢管混凝土组合柱的抗震性能，完成了7根钢筋增强ECC-钢管混凝土组合柱和4根钢管混凝土叠合柱的低周往复加载试验。试验结果表明：钢筋增强ECC-钢管混凝土组合柱在低周往复荷载下均具有较好的延性，滞回曲线饱满，未出现明显的“捏缩”效应，表明ECC材料与核心钢管混凝土具有较好的协同变形能力和组合作用。相比之下，钢管混凝土叠合柱试件在低周往复荷载下出现明显的外层混凝土剥离现象，滞回曲线捏拢现象较为明显。通过累积耗能对比分析可知，钢筋增强ECC-钢管混凝土组合柱的累积耗能约为钢管混凝土叠合柱的2倍，表明钢筋增强ECC-钢管混凝土组合柱具有更好的抗震性能，适用于抗震设防烈度较高地区。此外，基于有限元软件ABAQUS对钢筋增强ECC-钢管混凝土组合柱的滞回性能进行了模拟，将有限元分析结果与试验结果对比发现，二者吻合较好，表明采用该有限元模型可以较为准确地研究该类组合柱的抗震性能。最后，基于有限元模型探讨了不同参数对组合柱受力性能的影响。     

Seismic performance of CFST column to steel beam joint with RC slab: Joint model

Based on the previous experimental and numerical investigations presented in Han and Li (2010)and Li and Han (2011), this paper studies the joint model for the composite joint consisted of circular concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) column and steel beam with external diaphragm. The elastic shear stiffness and the shear deformation of the joint panel zone are investigated by parametric study using the finite element analysis (FEA) model. A hysteretic model incorporating the shear stiffness, shear strength, shear deformation and the hysteretic rules is proposed for the panel zone of the composite joint. This hysteretic model is then integrated in a fiber-based joint macro element. The joint macro element is validated by both FEA and experimental results. The overall and the local behavior of CFST joints and frame with macro elements are investigated. The proposed model is featured with a favorable accuracy and amenable modeling method, and could be applied to simulate the seismic behavior of large-scale and complex composite structural systems.     

钢管混凝土柱、钢筋混凝土板、钢梁连接节点的抗震性能:节点模型

基于已有试验和数值计算结果,研究了钢管混凝土柱(CFST)和钢梁的复合节点模型。采用参数研究法利用有限元分析方法(FEA)分析了节点连接处的弹性剪切刚度和剪切变形,给出了复合节点连接处包含弹性剪切刚度、剪切强度、剪切变形和滞后准则的迟滞模型。该迟滞模型用于整合基于纤维的节点宏单元,节点宏单元通过有限元方法和试验结果得到证实。研究了CFST节点和宏单元框架的整体和局部性能。该模型计算精确,建模方法适当,能够用于大尺寸和复杂组合结构的抗震性能分析。     

拉筋接触方式对高轴压比钢管混凝土柱抗震性能影响试验研究

高轴压比下的钢管混凝土柱抗震性能较差,端部拉筋能够有效提高钢管混凝土柱的抗震能力,但拉筋与钢管壁焊接施工困难,不利于工程应用。为了研究拉筋笼与钢管壁间接触方式对钢管混凝土柱整体抗震性能的影响,通过对2个圆形和4个方形截面高轴压比端部带拉筋的钢管混凝土柱进行水平低周往复荷载作用下的试验研究,分析不同接触方式对其破坏形态、滞回耗能能力、骨架曲线、弹性刚度、承载力、延性系数、刚度退化和残余变形率的影响规律。结果表明：拉筋笼与钢管内壁焊接能够加强拉筋和钢管对混凝土的约束作用,从而增加构件的整体刚度。同时,塑性铰处钢管鼓曲幅值与局部屈曲长度明显降低,因此获得了更高的弹性刚度、承载力和滞回耗能能力;外径尺寸和其他设计参数相同时,常用拉筋笼约束方式下方钢管混凝土柱比圆钢管混凝土柱具有更大的抗弯刚度、承载力和塑性耗能能力,且破坏时始终表现为塑性压铰,而带拉筋圆钢管混凝土柱在破坏后往往由塑性压铰转变为拉铰。     

Flexural performance of rectangular CFST members

This paper presents a finite element analysis (FEA) modeling to study the flexural performance of rectangular concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) members with compact, non-compact or slender element sections. Seventy test results are used to verify the FEA modeling. Generally good agreements were achieved in the ultimate bending capacity and the curvilinear trends of the moment versus mid-span deflection relations of the composite member between the experimental results and the FEA results. The FEA modeling is then used to investigate the residual failure patterns of the core concrete, the typical residual deformations of outer steel tube and the stress and strain distributions across the composite section in the whole loading procedure. Analysis results show that interaction of steel and concrete in the composite beam offers stress redistribution in steel and concrete which makes the rectangular CFST beam have high flexural capacity and ductility. Finally, the reliability analysis method is used to calibrate the existing design formulae on composite beam in EC4 (2004), AISC (2010) and DBJ/T13-51-2010 (2010). It was found that all the design formulae achieved adequate reliability index.     

钢管混凝土柱-钢梁单边高强螺栓端板连接框架的拟静力试验研究

为获悉半刚性钢管混凝土框架结构在地震作用下的抗震性能和破坏机理,进行2榀两层单跨钢管混凝土柱与钢梁单边高强螺栓端板连接框架试件的拟静力试验,包括1个圆形和1个方形钢管混凝土框架。研究柱截面类型和端板类型对框架破坏形式和抗震性能的影响。详细地观察了框架在低周反复荷载作用下的受力全过程和破坏特征,分析此类结构的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、强度和刚度退化规律、耗能能力等抗震性能指标,并结合现有规范评价结构的延性。试验结果表明,此类半刚性连接钢管混凝土框架结构具有良好的滞回性能和耗能能力,其延性系数μ=2.41-3.75,能量耗散系数E=0.823-0.955|在柱截面含钢率相同条件下,方钢管混凝土框架试件的极限承载力和耗能能量均高于圆钢管混凝土框架试件|梁柱节点采用单边高强螺栓端板连接具有典型的半刚性特征,连接可靠和耗能效果好。研究成果将为我国装配式组合结构设计理论与应用提供科学依据。     

Seismic Behavior Investigation on Blind Bolted CFST Frames with Precast SCWPs

To explore seismic behavior of blind bolted concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) frames infilled with precast sandwich composite wall panels (SCWPs), a series tests of blind bolted square CFST frames with precast SCWPs under lateral low-cyclic loading were conducted. The influence of the type of wall concrete, wall-to-frame connection and steel brace setting, etc. on the hysteretic curves and failure modes of the type of composite structure was investigated. The seismic behavior of the blind bolted CFST frames with precast SCWPs was evaluated in terms of lateral load–displacement relation curves, strength and stiffness degradation, crack patterns of SCWPs, energy dissipation capacity and ductility. Then, a finite element (FE) analysis modeling using ABAQUS software was developed in considering the nonlinear material properties and complex components interaction. Comparison indicated that the FE analytical results coincided well with the test results. Both the experimental and numerical results indicated that setting the external precast SCWPs could heighten the load carrying capacities and rigidities of the blind bolted CFST frames by using reasonable connectors between frame and SCWPs. These experimental studies and FE analysis would enable improvement in the practical design of the SCWPs in fabricated CFST structure buildings.     

部分预制装配型钢混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为充分发挥型钢混凝土结构受力性能及预制装配结构施工性能方面的优势，提出了部分预制装配型钢混凝土实心柱(PPSRC柱)和空心柱(HPSRC柱)，结合2个系列10个柱试件的拟静力试验，对两种柱的抗震性能进行了研究。通过对试件的破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、耗能能力及变形能力、承载力及刚度退化的研究，并结合各试件的实测应变结果，对柱截面形式、轴压力、配箍率和现浇混凝土强度对PPSRC柱和HPSRC柱抗震性能的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明：PPSRC柱试件的最终破坏形态分为弯曲破坏与弯剪破坏，HPSRC柱试件均发生弯剪破坏，所提出的高强高性能预制混凝土外壳能够很好地与型钢及现浇混凝土协同工作，主要受力方向型钢与外部混凝土之间未发现明显的黏结裂缝；由于内部混凝土的存在，PPSRC柱相比于HPSRC柱拥有更好的耗能及变形能力；轴压力较低、配箍率较大的试件表现出更好的耗能能力及变形能力。通过对两种柱试件的受弯承载力分析可知，中低轴压比的PPSRC柱与HPSRC柱拥有相近的受弯承载力，在同一结构中HPSRC柱可与PPSRC柱沿竖向混合使用，以有效避免柱变截面处的刚度及承载力突变带来的影响。     

变截面钢管混凝土格构柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究变截面钢管混凝土格构柱的抗震性能,以缀管布置形式和柱肢倾斜度为试验参数,对7根变截面钢管混凝土格构柱进行了水平低周反复荷载试验,分析了该类柱的破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性、耗能、承载力退化、刚度退化和变形恢复等。研究结果表明：变截面钢管混凝土格构柱试件的破坏形态基本相同,均为整体压弯破坏;滞回曲线较饱满无明显捏缩,具有良好的抗震性能;随着柱肢倾斜度的增大,格构柱的水平承载力和耗能能力有一定程度提高,刚度退化率略有增加。缀管布置形式对格构柱位移延性的影响较大;与平缀管式钢管混凝土格构柱相比,斜缀管式钢管混凝土格构柱的初始刚度和水平峰值荷载明显增大,耗能能力略有降低,承载力退化更为明显。     

异形截面多腔钢管混凝土巨型分叉柱轴压性能试验研究

为研究北京“中国尊”多腔钢管混凝土巨型分叉柱不同构造措施对其受压性能的影响，进行了2个1/10缩尺的分叉柱节点区域模型试件轴心受压力学性能试验。设计了原型柱缩尺试件BAC以及在试件BAC基础上未配置纵向加劲肋及构造钢筋的试件WAC。分析了试件破坏特征，承载力、刚度及退化过程、延性、耗能能力等。研究表明：试件BAC满足受力要求，承载力较高、刚度退化速率缓慢、延性较好、耗能能力较强；与试件BAC相比，试件WAC构造措施简化，但其承载力变化不大，刚度退化较快、延性较差、耗能能力较弱；异形截面钢管混凝土柱后期变形发展与构件截面不规则程度有关。在忽略横隔板作用情况下，采用不同承载力计算方法并按是否考虑竖向构造措施的影响进行了承载力计算，结果表明采用不同方法计算承载力时，横隔板对承载力的贡献均较大，且因计算方法不同存在差异。     

Experimental investigation of extended end plate joints to concrete-filled steel tubular columns

An experimental programme to obtain the behaviour of blind bolted extended end plate joints to circular or square concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns under monotonic loading has been conducted. In order to enhance the strength and stiffness of the connections, the anchorage extensions are provided to the blind bolts to link the connection back into the concrete with the tubular. This paper investigated the effect of the end plate thickness and the column section type on the static behaviour and failure modes of the tested connections. The structural performance of the blind bolted extended end plate connections was evaluated in terms of the moment–rotation relationship, connection rigidity, the deformation pattern and the strain response. The test results showed that the blind bolted extended end plate connection to CFST columns exhibits high strength and stiffness, while its connection rotation capacity satisfies the ductility requirement for earthquake resistance in aseismic region. The experimental studies also demonstrated that the strength and stiffness of the connections can be improved by providing anchorage extensions to the blind bolts, and utilising moderately thick end plates leads to joints approaching full strength for the extended end plate connections.     

大型厂房钢筋混凝土框排架结构中异型节点的抗震性能和设计方法研究

针对大型厂房框排架结构中通常存在变梁变柱异型节点的实际情况,进行4个1/5比例异型中节点伪静力试验研究及含有该类节点整体结构的试验,分析大小梁相对刚度、大小核心面积及小核心与柱配箍率等因素对该类节点破坏模式的影响。研究结果表明:该类节点初裂荷载、极限荷载较常规节点显著降低,通裂阶段与极限阶段非常接近,易发生小核心剪切破坏和柱端剪切破坏等两种破坏模式。采用约束机理对小核心剪切破坏进行分析并提出承载力计算方法;对于柱端剪切破坏应采用限制大梁底部纵向钢筋的方法予以避免。提出采用大小梁端弯矩比为参数区分不同类型的破坏模式,为该类异型节点合理设计提供了依据。