Prediction of fracture behavior of beam-to-column welded joints using micromechanics damage model

Moment-resisting steel frames often fail by fracture failure of beam-to-column welded joints during a strong earthquake. This paper provides a numerical methodology based on micromechanics damage model instead of traditional fracture analytical methods to investigate the crack initiation and propagation of welded beam-to-column joints subjected to monotonic loading and ultra low cycle loading conditions. Firstly, parameters used in the micromechanics damage model for steel base metal, heat affected zone and weld metal were calibrated, respectively, against uniaxial tension test results and cycle test results of notched specimens. The evolution of void growth in the notched specimens under different loading conditions was compared. Secondly, fracture process of the welded joints subjected to tensile loading was simulated based on the micromechanics damage model. The predicted load displacement response agrees well with the other researcher's test results. Finally, the micromechanics damage model was applied numerically to investigate the ultra low cycle fatigue fracture behavior of the welded joints under constant amplitude as well as variable amplitude inelastic cyclic loading. According to the distribution and evolution of void in the welded joints obtained from finite element analysis, crack initiation and propagation were presented and the number of cycles to fracture was predicted. It is shown that the fatigue life predicted from finite element analysis based on micromechanics damage model agrees well with the other's test results.     

基于OpenSEES数值模拟的工字形截面支撑低周疲劳性能研究

为研究工字形截面支撑低周疲劳性能,进行了18根Q235和21根ST12材质焊接工字形钢支撑在等幅轴向循环位移作用下的OpenSEES有限元分析,在验证模拟结果和试验结果吻合较好的同时,提出利用支撑几何参数(长细比、宽厚比、高厚比、屈服点)修正的表征应变作为预测支撑低周疲劳寿命的控制参量,给出了对应修正公式和寿命预测公式。表征应变与支撑低周疲劳寿命满足对数线性关系,据此预测的支撑低周疲劳寿命离散性较小且基本位于试验值1.5倍分散带内。对于变幅加载条件下的支撑寿命预测,利用Miner线性损伤理论对39组支撑试验数据进行以裂纹萌生寿命为终止点的损伤值统计,给出了容许损伤建议值作为预测寿命对应损伤值。而后,引入5组单斜工字钢支撑框架低周疲劳试验结果进行验证,其预测寿命均接近试验裂纹萌生寿命,可以较为保守地评估该类支撑的低周疲劳寿命,且支撑截面损伤分布与试验破坏模式保持一致。以上均证明该数值模拟方法和低周疲劳寿命预测方法的准确性和高效性,可为框架支撑结构低周疲劳性能的研究提供借鉴。     

不同纤维增强复合材料加固钢梁疲劳性能试验研究

对外贴高弹模碳纤维增强复合材料(高弹模CFRP)板、高强度CFRP板、钢丝-玄武岩纤维复合板(SBFCP)和焊接钢板等加固人工受损钢梁疲劳性能进行试验研究,分析不同材料加固对钢梁疲劳性能的影响,讨论钢梁疲劳加固效果的影响因素。试验结果表明:等拉伸刚度加固条件下,纤维增强复合材料加固钢梁的疲劳寿命总体上是未加固钢梁的3.33～5.26倍,而焊接钢板加固钢梁的疲劳寿命是未加固钢梁的1.74倍;与传统焊接钢板加固相比,纤维增强复合材料可以推迟钢梁裂纹的萌生,降低裂纹的扩展速率和钢梁的残余挠度,增加构件的疲劳寿命,改善构件的破坏模式,其中高弹模CFRP板加固效果最理想,而SBFCP加固性价比最高;加固材料和界面对疲劳性能有明显的影响。     

Fatigue Behavior Investigation and Stress Analysis for Rib-to-Deck Welded Joints in Orthotropic Steel Decks

The fatigue problems in orthotropic steel decks have raised widely concerns in recent years. This study focused on the root crack mechanism at rib-to-deck welded joints, based on the previous test results of sectional specimens and the matching FE analysis, the fatigue behaviors of structure detail were investigated by considering the effect of root gap shapes, weld penetrations, and plate thicknesses on crack initiation. Besides, various root crack depths were simulated in models to clarify the stress variations occurring during the propagation stage under cyclic loading. The results showed that the root gap shape and penetration rate have an impact on the root cracking direction and fatigue life at the initiation stage, but seem not directly related to the crack propagation mechanism; the higher penetration rate is advantageous for the prevention of root crack initiation. However, although the stiffness increased with the increase in plate thickness, the fatigue life of crack initiation might be reduced owing to the low fatigue strength of the thick deck plate, whereas the U-rib thickness has limited effect on the stress response of the root tip. Moreover, the significant difference between the 8 mm-crack model and other crack models is the high stress concentration around the crack tip. The stress conditions of root tip would be changed under loading cycles when a root crack propagated into half of deck plate thickness. Finally, the effect of structural dimensions on fatigue strength were also compared according to test results and FEA.     

焊接空间网架结构全寿命期风致疲劳分析

针对焊接空间网架结构在服役期内,随使用年限增加而导致结构刚度逐渐降低,加剧结构风致疲劳损伤,提出对结构进行全寿命期风致疲劳分析,以研究结构整个服役期风致抗疲劳性能,保证结构使用安全。通过分析焊接节点与杆件之间连接刚度随裂缝损伤变化的关系,建立网架结构连接刚度可变模型;通过高周疲劳试验,获得节点与杆件之间焊材的应力-寿命(S-N)曲线及疲劳参数;对结构进行风致响应分析,得到结构杆件连接处的应力时程,利用雨流计数法对应力时程进行循环计数,采用Basquin模型的疲劳寿命估算公式和Miner线性累加损伤理论,得到杆件连接处的累积疲劳损伤值和疲劳寿命。以武汉体育中心游泳馆屋顶网架结构为背景,分析了该结构在无焊接缺陷、有10%的焊接缺陷随机分布和最不利分布三种工况下的100年使用期内,随服役期增加、结构刚度不断降低时的所有杆件疲劳损伤程度。结果表明：网架结构在服役早期,杆件连接处就出现了疲劳损伤和连接刚度降低,随使用年限增加,结构连接刚度进一步降低,疲劳损伤程度也不断加剧,发生连接疲劳破坏的杆件数量大幅增加;特别是有焊接初始缺陷时,结构刚度降低更快,发生连接疲劳破坏的杆件数量更多;即使在良态风环境下,也有杆件连接处发生了疲劳破坏。     

随机变幅荷载作用下焊接节点海水腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展试验

本工作采用国产海上平台用钢的T型和十字形板状焊接节点试件,模拟导管架臂节点的弯曲受力状态,在随机变幅荷载下进行了海水腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展试验,分别测得在海水自由腐蚀和阴极保护条件下的(~—da/dN)-AK~(NM)关系曲线。对于十字型焊接节点试件,根据试验测得的裂纹扩展速率曲线,用断裂力学方法对其海水腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命(有阴极保护)进行了估算,估算得到的裂纹扩展寿命曲线与试验数据,以及用线性累积损伤理论估算的寿命曲线,进行了分析比较和讨论。     

旧水泥混凝土路面沥青加铺层疲劳断裂分析

在道路的使用过程中,沥青加铺层一直经历着交通荷载及温度变化的循环作用,沥青加铺层结构中的裂缝扩展呈现为疲劳断裂特征.沥青加铺层的使用寿命（从开始承载直至破坏所经历的车辆荷载及温度循环次数或作用时间）可分为疲劳裂缝形成寿命和疲劳裂缝扩展寿命两部分.疲劳裂缝形成寿命为由微观缺陷发展到宏观可检裂缝所对应的寿命,目前仍由传统疲劳理论的方法确定;而疲劳裂缝扩展寿命则为由宏观可检裂缝扩展到临界裂缝而发生破坏这段区间的寿命,用疲劳断裂力学方法确定.论文着重对沥青混合料与沥青路面的疲劳断裂进行分析.     

Fatigue Strength and Root-Deck Crack Propagation for U-Rib to Deck Welded Joint in Steel Box Girder

Fatigue tests and numerical analysis were carried out to evaluate the fatigue performance at the U-rib to deck welded joint in steel box girder. Twenty specimens were tested corresponding to different penetration rates (80 and 100%) under fatigue bending load, and the fatigue strength was investigated based on hot spot stress (HSS) method. The detailed stress distribution at U-rib to deck welded joint was analyzed by the finite element method, as well as the stress intensity factor of weld root. The test results show that the specimens with fully penetration rate have longer crack propagation life due to the welding geometry, resulting in higher fatigue failure strength. The classification of FAT-90 is reasonable for evaluating fatigue strength by HSS method. The penetration rate has effect on crack propagation angle near the surface, and the 1-mm stress below weld toe and root approves to be more suitable for fatigue stress assessment, because of its high sensitivity to weld geometry than HSS.     

基于细观损伤力学的梁柱焊接节点断裂破坏预测分析

应用细观损伤力学模型预测分析单调荷载作用下梁柱焊接节点的裂纹萌生与扩展。分别依据节点部位的母材、热影响区和焊缝金属缺口试样的单轴拉伸试验，标定材料细观损伤力学模型的参数；通过有限元分析模拟，预测焊接节点的开裂位置以及断裂破坏的过程，与已有试验结果以及基于微孔扩展模型和应力修正临界应变模型的有限元分析结果相比，建议的细观损伤力学模型的有限元分析结果具有更好的预测精度；针对不同焊接孔几何形状对节点断裂性能的影响进行有限元分析，结果表明，孔的几何形状对节点的断裂破坏模式的影响显著，长圆孔比圆孔具有更好的节点延性，开裂延缓，但是两种孔形的节点承载力差别很小。     

Q460高强钢焊接箱形柱轴心受压力学性能数值分析

为了解国产Q460高强钢焊接箱形柱轴心受压的力学性能,以数值积分法和有限单元法对7个已有焊接箱形柱轴心受压试验进行数值分析。试件宽厚比为8～12,长细比为35～70。数值模型中考虑了实测的初始挠度、初始偏心及简化的残余应力分布模型。分析预测Q460高强钢焊接箱形柱轴心受压的极限承载力和荷载-挠度曲线。数值积分法分析结果与有限元分析结果吻合。为验证数值分析的准确性,将预测结果与已有试验结果进行对比发现,考虑残余应力、初始偏心、初始挠度的数值积分法与有限元分析可以准确地预测Q460钢焊接箱形柱受压力学行为。通过对比采用简化残余应力分布模型与采用实测残余应力分布模型的有限元分析结果,验证简化残余应力分布模型的准确性。     

高温作用后高强Q690钢焊接截面残余应力试验研究

焊接中的不均匀受热和冷却使钢材内部产生残余应力,残余应力会降低钢构件的刚度、稳定承载力和疲劳性能。钢构件在高温下的强度退化、塑性和蠕变变形会引起截面残余应力改变,从而影响其火灾下及火灾后承载力。为此,采用高强Q690钢材制作了6个焊接构件,包括H形、箱形两种截面形式。利用切条法测量其在常温（20℃）下、600℃和800℃高温作用后的截面残余应力,得到不同温度作用后残余应力的大小与分布。结果表明：高温作用后,残余应力有不同程度的释放;经历600℃作用后,箱形与H形截面残余应力幅值均下降至常温下的约35%;经历800℃作用后,箱形与H形截面残余应力幅值均下降至常温下的15%以下。基于试验结果,提出Q690焊接截面残余应力分布模型及残余应力幅值随受火温度变化的折减系数。     

Effect of stress ratio on the enhancement of fatigue strength in high performance steel welded joints by ultrasonic impact treatment

In this study, we conducted fatigue tests under various stress ratios using cruciform welded joints to confirm the benefit of Ultrasonic Impact Treatment (UIT) for the fatigue strength of welded joints. The material used in the experiment is the JIS SBHS500 high performance steel for bridges. The fatigue life of the peened weld joint by UIT is significantly longer than that of as-welded joints, especially at a low stress ratio. We also estimated the fatigue life of these cruciform joints by crack growth analysis based on the crack opening and closure simulation using the modified strip-yielding model, accounting for the residual stress distribution created by welding or UIT. These estimation results demonstrate good agreement with experimental results obtained at various stress ratios.     

索承式桥梁吊索钢丝腐蚀疲劳寿命评估

根据吊索镀锌钢丝腐蚀疲劳破坏特点,把镀锌钢丝腐蚀疲劳纹形成和扩展过程分解成镀锌层腐蚀失效、蚀坑萌生、蚀坑形成、短裂纹扩展、长裂纹扩展和断裂破坏等阶段,建立各阶段时间表达式,得到镀锌钢丝疲劳寿命表达式,提出基于断裂力学的吊索钢丝腐蚀疲劳寿命评估研究结果方法。通过算例分析复杂运营条件下腐蚀环境和应力幅等因素对吊索钢丝腐蚀疲劳寿命的影响,研究结果表明:吊索钢丝腐蚀疲劳寿命主要由钢丝镀锌层腐蚀、蚀坑发展和短裂纹扩展等3个阶段组成,为了准确地评估吊索腐蚀疲劳寿命,需要掌握大桥的运营环境和交通荷载。     

焊接工字形截面钢支撑低周疲劳性能试验研究

通过21根铰支焊接工字形截面支撑在6倍试件的受拉屈服位移幅值下的对称循环轴向加载试验,研究了具有不同几何特性的该类支撑构件的低周疲劳和耗能性能。研究发现,支撑翼缘直到断裂的疲劳损伤发展过程可分为可见裂纹萌生,穿透裂纹形成和穿透裂纹扩展3个阶段,并根据试验数据提出了估算支撑构件疲劳寿命和循环耗能能力的经验公式。统计分析表明,裂纹萌生疲劳寿命与弹塑性局部屈曲密切相关,当支撑翼缘的宽厚比越小,支撑的长细比越大时,其裂纹萌生疲劳寿命就越长。试验还表明,低周疲劳性能较优的支撑构件亦具有较高的耗能能力。为了防止框架-中心支撑结构中的支撑构件在强震下过早发生断裂破坏,在实际设计中除要限制板件的宽厚比之外,还应适当放宽现行规范对支撑构件长细比的限制。     

Numerical calculation of residual stress development of multi-pass gas metal arc welding

In various applications, welding-induced residual stresses have a substantial impact on the integrity of welded constructions. Tensile residual stress can promote stress-corrosion cracking, brittle fracture, and reduces the fatigue life in service, as well as influences component design due to critical stress concentrations within the component.In the present paper, a six bead multi-pass gas metal arc weld of 20 mm thick structural steel S355J2+N is experimentally and numerically investigated. The studies include transient 2D and 3D numerical calculations which consider temperature-dependent material properties, phase transformations, “thermal” tempering, transformation plasticity, volume change due to phase transformation, an elastic–plastic material model, and isotropic strain hardening. The experimentally determined and calculated residual stresses are in a good agreement. Furthermore, the influence of the preheat and interpass temperature on welding-induced residual stresses is shown in the present investigation.     

CFRP加固疲劳损伤钢结构的断裂力学分析

金属结构,特别是承受反复荷载作用的在役钢结构,通常存在不同程度的缺陷和疲劳损伤。在钢结构的损伤部位粘贴FRP对其疲劳损伤进行加固具有很多优势。对含中央疲劳损伤裂纹钢板粘贴CFRP加固,改善其剩余疲劳寿命进行了理论分析。基于线弹性断裂力学理论,采用有限元计算模型对裂纹前端的应力强度因子进行了计算。并根据Paris_Erdogan裂纹扩展模型,计算了加固前后疲劳损伤钢板的剩余疲劳寿命,验证了这一加固方法的有效性。     

钢板-混凝土组合受弯加固梁疲劳性能试验研究

通过对8根钢板-混凝土组合受弯加固简支梁（以下简称组合加固梁）的等幅疲劳加载试验,研究了组合加固梁在疲劳荷载作用下的寿命及应变变化规律。试验结果表明：组合加固梁的疲劳破坏是由钢板裂纹从栓钉焊趾处开始缓慢扩展直至贯通导致的,与普通钢筋混凝土梁相比,组合加固梁的疲劳破坏具有较好的延性;钢板应力幅对组合加固梁的疲劳性能影响较大,实际设计时应严格控制钢板的应力幅和应力上限,不宜采用高强钢材和较薄的钢板;加固层预应力可有效提高组合加固梁的疲劳性能;按TB 10002.2-2005《铁路桥梁钢结构设计规范》中规定的焊有栓钉的受拉钢板的S-N关系对钢板-混凝土组合加固梁的钢板进行疲劳设计偏于安全。另外,提出了考虑应力水平影响的组合加固梁疲劳寿命的计算方法。图19表6参12     

平头塔式起重机起重臂疲劳损伤寿命分析

由于塔式起重机工作的特殊性,对于其安全可靠性能的研究尤为重要。本文利用高周疲劳损伤理论及数值模拟的方法对平头塔式起重机起重臂进行了疲劳损伤寿命分析并得出了平头塔式起重机起重臂焊缝允许的最大初始裂纹及裂纹的扩展寿命,为平头塔式起重机的疲劳设计提供了理论依据及判别方法。     

钢吊车梁直角式突变支座插入板端部疲劳性能研究

钢吊车梁直角式突变支座在工业厂房中广泛应用,工程经验表明钢吊车梁直角式突变支座插入板端部与腹板连接焊缝易出现疲劳裂纹,且通过有效的点检制度可以避免灾难性的事故发生。开展了钢吊车梁直角式突变支座缩尺模型的疲劳试验,得出该类连接的应力幅-疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线,确定了疲劳裂纹的初始位置为小圆孔下侧。通过截面参数分析得出,小圆孔处应力集中系数与插入板板厚呈正线性相关、与圆孔直径呈负线性相关。采用VCCT法和网格重划分技术,针对钢吊车梁直角式突变支座插入板端部开展了疲劳裂纹扩展模拟,明确了该类构件的疲劳裂纹扩展模式。结合S N曲线法、概率断裂力学法,建立了适用于钢吊车梁直角式突变支座的插入板端部的概率损伤容限分析方法,分析得到在不考虑荷载、断裂韧度随机性时,其疲劳寿命不拒绝服从对数正态分布。     

Q460C高强度钢柱滞回性能有限元分析

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