滑石/透闪石复合填料表面改性研究

研究了表面改性剂配方、用量、改性时间等对滑石 /透闪石复合填料表面改性效果的影响以及表面改性剂与滑石 /透闪石复合填料表面的作用机理。     

煅烧高岭土/硅藻土复合填料表面改性研究

研究了表面改性剂配方、用量、改性时间等对煅烧高岭土 /硅藻土复合填料表面改性效果的影响以及表面改性剂与煅烧高岭土 /硅藻土复合填料表面的作用机理。     

重质碳酸钙/硅灰石复合填料表面改性研究

研究了表面改性剂配方、用量、改性时间等对重质碳酸钙／ 硅灰石复合填料表面改性效果的影响，以及表面改性与复合填料表面的作用机理     

复合改性对聚磷酸铵填充EVA材料抗渗性能的影响

利用高岭土与聚磷酸铵(APP)进行复配,使用二甲基硅油对复配后阻燃填料进行表面改性处理,并利用接触角及红外分析对阻燃剂抗渗性能提高的机理进行分析。结果表明:优化复配比例及改性条件为:高岭土以质量分数30%的复合比例与APP复合、有机改性剂二甲基硅油使用量质量分数最优条件为2.0%,改性温度95℃。改性后阻燃剂抗渗析性得到显著提高,渗析率由1.81%减小至0.61%。     

表面改性纳米氢氧化铝及复合体系阻燃聚丙烯的研究

通过不同偶联剂改性纳米氢氧化铝(ATH)及ATH/红磷复合体系填充阻燃PP,研究了表面改性剂的种类及用量和体系配比对体系阻燃性和力学性能的影响。结果显示:表面改性可有效提高ATH/PP体系的阻燃性和力学性能,硅烷偶联剂较油酸钠和钛酸酯改性效果更好;在PP体系中,其最佳添加用量为ATH质量的2%,体系中PP/ATH质量比为100:50时,改性可使体系氧指数提高14%～30.3%,垂直燃烧等级达FV-1级,且力学性能有较大提高。少量红磷加入可与纳米ATH形成协同阻燃,体系中PP,ATH与红磷质量配比为100:45:5时比单独ATH阻燃效果更好。     

CTAB-SCA改性钠基蒙脱土/橡胶复合材料的增强-阻燃机制

以钠基蒙脱土（Na-M）为研究对象,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和硅烷偶联剂KH550（SCA）为改性剂,去离子水和无水乙醇为溶剂,制备CTAB-SCA改性Na-M,并作为橡胶填料。研究CTAB与去离子水质量比、SCA与无水乙醇质量比、炭黑与CTAB-SCA改性Na-M质量比对CTAB-SCA改性Na-M/橡胶复合材料力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。利用SEM、XRD和FTIR分别测试CTAB-SCA改性Na-M/橡胶复合材料微观形貌、矿物组成和组成结构。结果表明:炭黑与CTAB-SCA改性Na-M质量比为20∶30、CTAB与去离子水质量比为13.5∶1050、SCA与无水乙醇质量比为0.30∶15时制备的CTAB-SCA改性Na-M/橡胶复合材料具有良好的力学性能和阻燃性能,拉伸强度为18.9 MPa,撕裂强度为42.9 kNm-1,极限氧指数为31.51%。CTAB-去离子水混合液可以降低CTAB-SCA改性Na-M片层间的极性,提高其亲油性。SCA-无水乙醇混合液与CTAB-SCA改性Na-M表面的羟基发生化学作用,提高其分散性。CTAB-SCA改性Na-M/橡胶复合材料中炭黑是主要增强物质,CTAB-SCA改性Na-M是主要阻燃物质和辅助增强物质。      

水化硅酸钙粉体补强橡胶的性能

动态水热法合成的超细水化硅酸钙粉体,进行表面改性后在炭黑检验配方中完全取代炭黑以用作橡胶的补强填料.对所得复合橡胶进行性能测试,发现掺量为40%,且以160℃、3 min为硫化条件时,其硫化胶的拉伸强度、抗撕裂强度与同配方下N220炭黑橡胶基本一致,且扯断延伸率明显增大.结论是低温低压动态水热合成工艺下制备的水化硅酸钙无定型超细粉体,经过改性剂B改性后与天然橡胶所得的复合橡胶强度性能较好,在实验室条件下与中超强N220炭黑补强效果相当.     

溶剂型涂料用纳米CaCO_3的表面改性及表征

采用复合改性剂对纳米CaCO3进行了改性,探讨了转速、改性剂用量、乳化温度、乳化时间和保温时间等因素对纳米CaCO3表面改性的影响,并优化出了最佳操作工艺条件:转速16 000 r/min、改性剂用量4%(质量分数)、乳化温度75℃、乳化时间60 min和保温时间40 min.通过透射电子显微镜、红外光谱和热分析对纳米CaCO3的改性效果进行了评价.结果表明,纳米CaCO3与改性剂间产生了化学吸附和物理吸附,其亲油性显著提高.与未添加纳米CaCO3的传统环氧涂料相比,改性纳米CaCO3复合涂料的耐水性、耐盐水性和耐盐雾性等显著改善.     

复合改性剂对纳米碳酸钙的表面改性

引入自制的复合改性剂通过碳化法制备改性纳米碳酸钙,考察了改性剂种类、配比、用量等参数对纳米碳酸钙改性效果的影响,利用活化度、吸油值、热重分析、红外光谱、透射电镜等测试技术对产物进行表征。优化后的改性条件为:复合改性剂是月桂酸与二辛/癸酸甘油酯聚氧乙烯醚的混合物(质量比为1∶1),用量为1.5%(占碳酸钙干基的质量分数)。制备出的活性纳米碳酸钙活化度为100%,吸油值为31.5,平均粒径为70nm,疏水性极强。     

碳酸钙复合改性工艺及性能表征

在水和正丁醇的混合溶剂体系下,以铝酸酯偶联剂和硬脂酸作为复合改性剂对碳酸钙表面改性,通过正交实验考察了铝酸酯用量、硬脂酸用量、反应温度和搅拌速度对碳酸钙改性效果的影响。在最佳条件下得到的改性碳酸钙与水的接触角可达136.5°,表明改性碳酸钙表面由亲水性变成了疏水性。红外(IR)分析结果显示碳酸钙与改性剂之间存在着一定的化学吸附作用。力学性能测试结果表明在聚乙烯中加入20wt%的改性碳酸钙时材料仍具有良好的力学性能。     

纳米氧化锌-煅烧高岭土复合材料的制备

以煅烧高岭土和纳米氧化锌为主要原料,用水解沉淀法在煅烧高岭土表面包覆纳米氧化锌,制备一种无机复合型抗紫外材料;采用分光光度计分别测定在波长325、350、375、400nm紫外光下复合材料的紫外光吸光度。结果表明:反应温度、氧化锌包覆量、改性时间、改性剂滴加速度、矿浆浓度、煅烧温度等对纳米氧化锌-煅烧高岭土复合粉体材料的紫外光吸收性能有重要影响。在制备条件为:氧化锌包覆量为8%、反应温度为90℃、改性时间为10min、改性剂滴加速度为3mL/min、矿浆中m(水)∶m(煅烧高岭土)=10∶1、煅烧温度为400℃时,所制备的纳米氧化锌-煅烧高岭土复合粉体材料的紫外光吸收性能较好。     

Electron-beam-irradiated rice husk powder as reinforcing filler in natural rubber/high-density polyethylene (NR/HDPE) composites

The use of rice husk (RH) powder as a reinforcing filler in blends of natural rubber and high-density polyethylene (NR/HDPE) was studied via surface modification of the particle surface. The RH powder was pre-washed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) prior to coating with liquid natural rubber (LNR) and reinforced by electron beam (EB) irradiation. The effects of the radiation dosage on the LNR-coated rice husk (RHr) as a reinforcing agent in the composite were evaluated from the mechanical and thermal properties, as well as from the blend homogeneity. The mechanical properties enhanced with the dosage of radiation on the RHr, and reached an optimum dose in the range 20–30 kGy. The composites filled with radiated RHr showed the highest storage modulus (E′) and low tangent delta (tan δ) a radiation dosage of 30 kGy. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the fractural tensile surface showed that an effective RHr particle matrix interaction occurred in the RH powder at a radiation dosage of 20 kGy. Improved RH filler–matrix interfacial bond strength and adhesion to the matrix were achieved by coating the RH powder and curing the rubber coat by electron beam irradiation.     

Electron-beam-irradiated rice husk powder as reinforcing filler in natural rubber/high-density polyethylene (NR/HDPE) composites

The use of rice husk (RH) powder as a reinforcing filler in blends of natural rubber and high-density polyethylene (NR/HDPE) was studied via surface modification of the particle surface. The RH powder was pre-washed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) prior to coating with liquid natural rubber (LNR) and reinforced by electron beam (EB) irradiation. The effects of the radiation dosage on the LNR-coated rice husk (RHr) as a reinforcing agent in the composite were evaluated from the mechanical and thermal properties, as well as from the blend homogeneity. The mechanical properties enhanced with the dosage of radiation on the RHr, and reached an optimum dose in the range 20–30 kGy. The composites filled with radiated RHr showed the highest storage modulus (E′) and low tangent delta (tan δ) a radiation dosage of 30 kGy. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the fractural tensile surface showed that an effective RHr particle matrix interaction occurred in the RH powder at a radiation dosage of 20 kGy. Improved RH filler–matrix interfacial bond strength and adhesion to the matrix were achieved by coating the RH powder and curing the rubber coat by electron beam irradiation.     

硬脂酸对W型六角晶系铁氧体粉体的表面改性

采用硬脂酸对W型六角晶系铁氧体粉体进行表面改性,研究改性剂用量、改性时间和改性温度等因素对铁氧体粉体表面改性的影响,采用红外光谱、差热分析及润湿性实验对改性前后的铁氧体粉体进行表征。结果表明,在硬脂酸质量分数为1.5%,改性时间为30 min,改性温度为80℃的条件下,制备的产品性能优良,活化指数达95.2%;铁氧体粉体经硬脂酸改性后,硬脂酸在铁氧体粉体表面发生化学吸附;改性后的铁氧体粉体表面性质由亲水变为疏水,复合体系黏度降低,从而改善加工流动性以及提高铁氧体-环氧树脂复合材料的力学及热稳定性能。     

纳米TiO_2/SiO_2复合食品抗菌材料

以水玻璃和Ti(SO4 ) 2 为原料 ,制备出了多孔的纳米TiO2 /SiO2 复合粒子。在后处理过程中 ,利用无机包覆剂溶解度随温度的变化 ,在复合粒子表面包覆了一层无机结晶膜。经热处理除去包覆剂后 ,得到了以单分散纳米复合粒子组成的复合微粉。对复合微粉进行比表面和孔容测试 ,并运用XRD和TEM进行了表征。发现TiO2 以 12 6nm的纳米晶粒的形式被多孔的SiO2 包覆 ,所形成的复合粒子则约为2 0nm。为了了解复合微粒的灭菌效果 ,运用纳米TiO2 和复合粉末对 4种保健食品进行对照灭菌实验。两个月以后 ,测得含复合微粒的样品中的菌落总数为 5 0～ 12 0个 / g ,是相应保健食品企业标准许可菌落数的 0 2 5 %～ 0 .7% ,为相应空白样和纳米TiO2 粉样品菌落数的 0 .5 2 %～ 0 .97%和33 .3%～ 83 .3 %     

高填充聚丙烯材料的增强和增韧

研究了本室研制的柔性分子链界面改性剂包覆的高岭土（ｋａｏｌｉｎ）刚性粒子增韧的短切玻璃纤维（ＣＦ）增强的混杂复合方式，对聚丙烯／高岭土（ＰＰ／ｋａｏｌｉｎ）填充材料强度和韧性的影响。     

高导热云母胶制备工艺研究

采用无机纳米氮化铝粉体填充改性环氧树脂,获得所需的高导热云母胶。针对氮化铝粉体的表面改性、粉体掺杂方式对云母胶导热系数的影响进行了系统分析。经导热系数测试,确定了粉体的表面改性工艺,得到了最佳的粉体分散工艺。     

Surface modified microcrystalline cellulose from cotton as a potential mineral admixture in cement mortar composite

The objective of the work is to examine the performance of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) modified microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fiber, derived from cotton, as a mineral admixture that could be compatible in cement mortar composites. The effectiveness of surface modification of MCC is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR, TGA and SEM techniques. The present silane based surface modifier (TEOS) minimizes the water uptake and acts as a pozzolan, that could result in additional calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) linkages. This is reflected by the enhancement in the mechanical properties of the cement mortar composite. A dramatic two fold enhancement of flexural strength and almost 45% increase of compressive strength are observed in the case of TEOS-MCC when compared with the cement mortar composites without any mineral admixture there by validating the method chosen. The enhancement of compressive and flexural strength could be due to proper dispersion of smaller size MCC fibers within the pores of the cement mortar composite. When an optimized amount of chemical admixture (polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizer) is used along with TEOS- MCC a greater enhancement in flexural strength and compressive strength is observed with good workability, at a lower water/cement ratio.     

A simple and effective method to form metallic nanoparticles onto composites made up of organic polymers and layered inorganic ion exchangers as fillers

A new easy method for the preparation of polymeric nanocomposites supporting metal nanoparticles is presented. The method concerns the use of a layered inorganic ion exchanger converted in the proper metallic form and exfoliated to act as filler of organic polymers with twofold aim of obtaining a composite (or nanocomposite) and to have metal ions that can be suitably reduced with a proper reducing agent to form metal nanoparticles. This strategy has been applied to the system polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) filled with layered a-zirconium phosphate in copper form. Several physical techniques (X-ray powder diffraction, atomic force microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy) have been used to characterize the Cu-nanoparticles, whose dimensions range from 5 to 200 nm for those placed inside or on the surface of the polymeric matrix respectively, depending on the dispersion degree of the inorganic filler. The method is simple and can be used for different polymeric matrices and/or metal ions in order to produce metal/polymer systems with promising technological application.