浅谈建筑的地域性气候适应——以赵家堡为例探究建筑的气候特征

建筑是以人为本,建筑也同样是与大自然合而为一。建筑适应当地的气候,表现出各式各样的建筑形式,也即"形式追随气候"。本文以赵家堡传统村落为例探究建筑的地域性气候适应,研究建筑的气候特征,从而更好的指导建筑设计。     

生物气候图与气候适应性设计方法

在追溯生物气候建筑及其设计发展历程的基础上,详细介绍了目前在国外应用广泛的一种建筑气候分析方法--生物气候图法,并以北京地区气候资料为例,介绍了利用生物气候图获得建筑气候适应性设计策略的方法.     

汕头大学·香港中文大学联合眼科中心设计

结合汕头大学·香港中文大学联合眼科中心设计阐述气候地理环境对建筑形式的影响,提出利用建筑气候设计的手段会使建筑具有独特地域特征。     

陇东地区建筑气候设计研究*

从陇东地区平凉、庆阳、天水3个城市建筑气候的角度出发,采用典型气象年数据分析该地区的气候特征,将其气候特征作为建筑节能设计的基础,根据吉沃尼(Givoni)建筑气候图分析方法,对3个地区建筑气候进行初步分析,总结分析出各自的设计策略,提出适合陇东地区气候条件的建筑气候设计建议。     

勒·柯布西耶演绎的印度建筑

简述了气候对印度建筑的影响,介绍了印度典型的气候特征,结合柯布西耶对印度建筑的影响,阐述了柯布西耶以地区的气候、技术和文化为基础,尊重环境和传统,创造出了具有印度特色的建筑。     

浅谈建筑设计与地区气候的适应问题

建筑与气候的密切关系,导致建筑的建造应该根据地区的不同气候进行设计。探索地区气候的情况并进行分析,对建筑的设计、能源的节约以及地区性建筑的发展与延续都具有相当重要的作用。因此文章通过对建筑设计与地区气候的关系入手,提出了一些解决两者之间适应性的措施。     

源于气候的建筑设计原则探析

气候直接影响着人类的生活,这是无法回避的事实。人类创造建筑正是为了抵御不利的自然气候,获取适宜居住、工作的稳定环境,建筑与气候本不可分。自古人“挖地见穴,构木筑巢”时起,就是为了适应气候的变化创造一个能够遮蔽风雨的场所,因此,建筑从本质上说就是人类适应气候环境条件的自然产物,是共融于自然环境的,但随着社会的发展,现代化水平的提高,人们逐渐淡化了对本质的把握,     

适应气候的传统民居

选择气候作为研究的出发点,试图通过对不同地区、不同气候特征下不同传统民居形式的分析,对建筑本体与气候要素之间的相互影响进行研究,提出运用传统民居适应气候的技术,充分利用传统建筑的潜能,使其扬长避短,创造出适应气候条件变化的建筑形式。     

浅谈气候与古代建筑特点的联系

建筑结构设计与建筑物人文文化特点及气候特点相结合是建筑设计过程中十分必要的一个环节。目前我国很多设计师只会照搬规范,而不管其他。我国的古代民用建筑绝大多数都是与相应的气候特点相联系的。我们当代建筑设计师应了解气候特点与我国相应地区建筑特点的联系。本文正是本着这一原则将气候与我国建筑的特点进行了对比分析,为广大建筑设计师进行建筑设计提供一定的理论依据。     

浅述建筑节能设计的措施及方法

建筑作为人工自然产品,是人类自身应变自然环境气候的一种延伸手段。建筑发挥着气候“过滤器”的角色,通过利用和防御自然界各种气候因素,为人类创造出良好的室内气候条件。     

湿热气候下高层办公楼气候适应性设计 ——以广东交通设计大厦为例

揭示湿热气候下高层办公楼气候适应性设计策略与应用逻辑,为我国高层办公楼的绿色设计提供借鉴与参考。运用建筑气候适应性思想,聚焦方案设计阶段,通过案例归纳与分析气候特征,总结湿热气候下绿色高层办公楼在隔热、遮阳、通风、节能方面的设计策略。并通过广东交通设计大厦项目实践,在城市、建筑与细部尺度将气候适应性设计策略有效运用,深刻塑造了建筑的形体与空间特色。高层办公楼气候适应性设计,有益于创造出适应气候环境、更加节能健康的绿色建筑。     

Degree-days for the exergy analysis of buildings

This paper presents the application of degree-days utilized for the exergy analysis of buildings. The climate is observed as a basis for the exergy analysis of the energy usage of buildings. The definitions and functions of the outdoor temperature distribution density and its cumulative distribution frequency are introduced in the analysis. There are several relative exergy indicators for local climate conditions that are considered in the exergy analysis of the energy usage of buildings. The setting of these parameters allows the thermodynamic evaluation of engineering heating practices in separate locations.     

建筑适应气候的适宜技术——以福建建筑为例

探讨了亚热带季风气候影响下福建当代建筑设计的适宜技术。分别从遮阳隔热、避雨、微气候营造、体量塑造、材料运用几个层面对气候适应下适宜技术进行论述。基于以上研究，提出了气候适应性的系统性原则，以期对该地域建筑设计之初的气候适应性概念形成有所帮助。     

广州地区典型年气象资料计算方法

针对广州地区气象站典型年数据的特点，给出了空调能耗分析用室外标准年气象参数的生成方法，为编制能耗估算软件打下了一定的理论基础。     

Reduction of energy consumption using passive architecture in hot and humid climates

Energy shortages, pollution, global warming, and the impacts of urban heat islands are among the pressing issues in this century all over the world. Historically, local architecture was based on people’s experience and knowledge. It was sympathetic to the climate and environment. After a period of building design that ignored the local climate, more passive buildings, low energy buildings, and zero buildings have come into focus because of the environmental pollution caused by an excessive use of fossil fuels. The historic architectural style in Dezful includes underground shelters, 5–12 m deep, to improve the indoor climate conditions in this hot and semi humid city. This type of underground shelter, known as a Shavadoon, is regarded as one of the passive energy strategies to seek temperature comfort using the earth annual temperature stability and natural ventilation. The present study was conducted in a house owned by Mohammad Reza Ghamsari. The house was used to test the accuracy of numerical simulation of the temperature and air flow within the Shavadoon spaces. Temperature contours, streamlines, and other related findings are reported. The results show that space conditioning costs could be cut and adequate comfort could be derived using such passive heating and cooling systems.     

Climate model-based probabilistic assessment of wind risk for residential buildings under projected future climate

The present paper investigates the impact of the global climate change on typhoon-induced wind risk for residential buildings in Japan. It is based on (1) the output from a climate model for an assumed climate change scenario, (2) probabilistic typhoon hazard modelling, (3) reliability-based fragility modelling and (4) failure cost modelling. The objective of the present paper is to demonstrate the availability and effectiveness of a general methodology for carrying out the impact assessment. It also aims at clarifying missing information required for a more precise and reliable impact assessment. Under the employed climate model, assumed climate scenario and vulnerability model and other assumptions made in the present paper, it is found that the typhoon-induced wind risks for residential buildings in Japan are not likely to change significantly in the future.     

城市建筑与园林景观

介绍了现代城市中,园林景观与建筑物的功能、风格及空间布局之间的相互影响,主要从园林植物的装饰作用、对空气的净化作用、局部小气候的改善等方面阐述了园林对建筑物的影响。     

新疆吐鲁番地区传统生土民居的气候适宜性及优化研究

新疆干旱半干旱的生态环境,造就了当地大量的生土建筑且各具地方特色,其中吐鲁番地区的生土民居作为当地人民世代相传的建筑形式,拥有着悠久的历史和深厚的文化内涵。文中从吐鲁番地区自然环境特点、空间布局等方面进行研究,并对当地传统生土民居进行实地检测,发现这种适应气候而形成的生土民居也存在缺陷。在对其进行改进基础上,利用PHOENICS分析软件,模拟检测其夏季室内的风环境状况,结果表明,改进后半地下室式生土建筑能够很好的适应当地的恶劣环境,为半地下室内营造舒适、凉爽的微气候环境。     

Assessment of monitored energy use and thermal comfort conditions in mosques in hot-humid climates

In harsh climatic regions, buildings require air-conditioning in order to provide an acceptable level of thermal comfort. In many situations buildings are over cooled or the HVAC system is kept running for a much longer time than needed. In some other situations thermal comfort is not achieved due to improper operation practices coupled with poor maintenance and even lack it, and consequently inefficient air-conditioning systems. Mosques represent one type of building that is characterized by their unique intermittent operating schedule determined by prayer times, which vary continuously according to the local solar time. This paper presents the results of a study designed to monitor energy use and thermal comfort conditions of a number of mosques in a hot-humid climate so that both energy efficiency and the quality of thermal comfort conditions especially during occupancy periods in such intermittently operated buildings can be assessed accurately.     

A study of the effectiveness of passive climate control in naturally ventilated residential buildings in Singapore

Singapore has the hot and humid climate throughout the year. Many passive climate control methods are adopted in the naturally ventilated residential buildings to help achieve thermal comfort and reduce the energy consumption of air-conditioning. A field measurement and computational energy simulations were conducted to examine the effectiveness of commonly used passive climate control methods for these buildings. The effect of building orientation, façade construction, special roof system and window shading device on indoor thermal environment and cooling load was studied. The surface temperature of external wall and indoor thermal environment was measured to analyze the façade thermal performance. The cooling load was simulated to evaluate the effectiveness of various passive climate methods. Using the special roof system as thermal buffer is the most efficient method to reduce the room cooling load.