High-Power Coherent Beam Combining of Two Photonic Crystal Fiber Lasers

Coherent beam combining of two large mode area photonic crystal fiber (LMA PCF) lasers is studied experimentally by using a self-imaging technique. Steady interference strips with high visibility of 35% are observed in high-power operation, which demonstrates the obvious advantages of the LMA PCF over the conventional double-clad fiber in coherent beam combining. Experiments also show that the reflectivity of coupling output mirror affects the coherent output power. The maximum coherent output power of 80 W with approximate 90% combining efficiency is achieved when the pump power is 130 W and the reflectivity of coupling output mirror is 5%.     

利用两波耦合增强BaTiO_3晶体的自泵浦位相共轭反射

本文报道了利用BaTiO_3晶体的两波耦合和自泵浦效应,实现高位相共轭反射率的方法。给出位相共轭反射率R随两耦合光束之间的夹角2θ,以及光束强度比β变化的实验结果。在适当的条件下(2θ≈35°,β=2600),得到共轭反射率大于35。     

Reflection of Magnetostatic Forward Volume Waves by a Shallow-Grooved Grating on a YIG Film

The magnetostatic forward volume wave (MSFVW) reflection characteristics of a uniform grating of shallow grooves etched on the planar surface of an epitaxial YIG film are treated using an approach which integrates field theory with the coupled-mode approach. The MSFVW reflectivity per groove is found to be comparable to the reflectivity of magnetostatic surface waves (MSSW's) and thus is found to be significantly large considering that the volume waves are reflected by surface-localized and shallow grooves.     

射频激励增益波导CO2激光器的光强分布

提出了一种新的射频(RF)激励增益波导阵列CO2激光器技术。为了提高输出激光光束质量,增强多个波导通道之间模式的耦合,通过在上电极刻上等距离的凹槽,形成一个个并列的子电极,使增益在电极横向具有周期分布特征。同时使用表面刻有周期性凹槽的相移全反射镜,实现了远场光束的极强相干叠加。研究了其近场和远场的光强分布情况。在气压为10.0 kPa,10.7 kPa的情况下,近场为长20 mm的若干个尖峰分布,远场为中心压窄的极锐尖峰。随着时间变化,只有光强峰值变化,相对强度分布保持不变。     

Thermo-optical switching in Si/Si1-xGexdistributed Bragg reflectors

The authors report thermo-optical switching in a 92 layer Si/Si _0.7Ge_0.3 distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Depending on the layer periodicity, this structure exhibited a positive or negative reflectivity switching λ=1.06 μm, with a switch-on time of less than 20 ns and reflectivity contrast ratios greater than 50%     

Integrated optical beam splitters formed in glass channel waveguides having variable weighting as determined by mask dimensions

Variable-weight beam splitters integrated into glass channel optical waveguides have been fabricated and successfully operated. Variable weighting is achieved by varying mask dimensions. Beam splitting is achieved by introducing notched reflectors of variable size into glass channel waveguides which are formed in shallow grooves having trapezoidal cross sections on silicon substrates. Preferential etching is used to fabricate these grooves and notches. A novel lift-off method incorporating a photoresist, glass, and aluminum sandwich structure is introduced to define glass channel waveguides having smooth edges within the grooves. The extent of the beam splitting notch as determined by scanning electron microscope observation is shown to correspond directly with measured beam splitting ratios for four different ratios. An insertion loss of 0.34 dB is measured for one of the samples.     

Influence of end reflectivity on the excess-noise factor indistributed feedback lasers

The influence of end reflectivity on the excess noise factor in distributed feedback lasers is analyzed. It is shown that the end reflectivity affects the excess-noise factor markedly in the weak and moderate coupling region. In particular, in this coupling region the noise level in the laser structure strongly depends on the end reflectivity phase. Moreover, in the weak and moderate coupling region, the excess-noise factor decreases with an increasing end reflectivity amplitude; in the strong coupling region the opposite behavior is observed     

凯芙拉环氧复合材料烧蚀阈值实验研究

激光辐照某种材料当其表面未发生任何物理化学变化时,其表面反射率不会发生任何变化;当材料表面发生了烧蚀,产生了物质的变化时,反射率会集聚下降。通过积分球光电管系统监测表面反射率,判定反射率变化的拐点来得到Kevlar/epoxy材料的激光烧蚀阈值。     

探测器孔径大小对衰荡腔测量精度的影响

为了研究光腔衰荡光谱法的反射率测量精度,分析了腔长失调对衰荡腔模式影响。在此基础上,根据高斯光束空间传输表达式,推导了在一定腔长失调条件下,探测器孔径与衰荡脉冲信号的关系式。并利用数值模拟,分析了衰荡腔测量精度与探测器孔径大小的关系。结果表明,探测器孔径越大,测量的相对误差越小。     

Integrated optic polymeric components fabricated withmicrostructured strip-off covers

Fabrication of integrated optic polymeric components by moulding waveguide and fibre alignment grooves to a substrate in a one-step process, and subsequently filling the waveguide grooves by means of a microstructured strip-off cover which is later removed, is presented. The latest measurement results on waveguide attenuation, coupling losses owing to passive fibre-waveguide coupling and excess loss values are given     

用薄膜光学理论研究布拉格光纤的传输特性

用薄膜光学的等效导纳方法和阶跃光纤的几何光学理论研究布拉格光纤的传输特性.①设计出了反射率达99.99%包层的厚度、层数;②分析了传输效果随波长、层数、入射角的变化;③得出光束的数值孔径小于0.15时,反射率大干99.99%.这一研究对布拉格光子晶体光纤的实际加工及与阶跃光纤耦合具有重要理论意义.     

槽区加载介质矩形格栅慢波结构的色散与增益

建立了槽区内加载介质的格栅慢波结构模型.通过Borgnis函数法和场匹配法得到冷态和热态色散方程.并推导了耦合阻抗的表达式.在稀疏电子注的假设下,求得增益近似解的表达式.通过数值方法,求解并分析了加载介质对色散关系、基波耦合阻抗、基波相速和基波增益的影响.并指出分别在槽内加载介质和格栅对侧加载介质对高频特性的不同影响趋势.     

Characteristics of a hollow-core distributed feedback CO2laser

Using perturbation theory and a plane wave analysis, the scattering amplitudes and coupling coefficients for a planar, hollow-core, double grating distributed feedback (DFB) waveguide laser are derived. Waveguide reflectivity has been compared for a single and double grating waveguide configuration. For a waveguide dimension of 100 μm over a 10 cm length, reflectivity is enhanced from 75 percent for a single grating to 98 percent using a double grating configuration. Included in this analysis is the effect of phase relationship between the two gratings. Using this analysis a means has been devised whereby reflectivity of the DFB waveguide may be optimized during operation of the laser. With the double grating configuration, coupling is enhanced such that a greater plate separation is possible in nearly all cases. Use of a double grating allows the plate separation of the waveguide to be increased from 80 to 100 μm, reducing total waveguide loss from 15.9 to 8.1 dB/m. These results have led to a method of solving heretofore prohibitive characteristics of single grating hollow-core DFB waveguides. Formal relationships for the waveguide parameters where a double grating configuration is used have been presented for designing hollow-core DFB waveguide lasers operating at 10.6 μm.     

Buried Sol-gel/SiON Waveguide Structure for Passive Alignment to Single-Mode Fiber on Si Substrate

Buried sol-gel/SiON waveguide structure is proposed for efficient optical coupling to single-mode fiber (SMF) using passive alignment technique on silicon substrate. Difficulties of photolithographic patterning on highly nonplanar surfaces were resolved by fabricating the waveguide devices at a distance from the proximity of deep grooves and by using the sol-gel material for producing negative images of the cores in the buried waveguide structure. A good optical coupling between the waveguide and SMF is obtained by bringing the SMF in close contact to the waveguide facet after saw-cutting the SiON cladding away. The loss due to fiber displacement is about 0.6 dB per facet     

Molecular beam epitaxy-grown AlGaInAs/InP distributed Braggreflectors for 1.55 μm VCSELs

Solid source molecular beam epitaxy with valved P cracker source is used for the first time to grow an AlGaInAs/InP distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). The DBR shows a measured reflectivity of 98.78% for 25 pairs with a stop band of more than 100 nm. Current-voltage study shows a low drop of 4 mV/pair     

Characteristics of magneto-optic fiber Bragg gratings for use in optical signal processing

The characteristics of photonic bandgaps and the transmission/reflection of guided optical waves in the magneto-optic fiber Bragg grating (MFBG) are theoretically investigated for the first time. The polarization-mode conversion resulting from the Faraday effect may change the width of the pure bandgap, or even lead to a couple of photonic semitransparent frequency band (STB) for sufficiently large magneto-optical-to-grating coupling ratio (MGR). Within the STBs, the transmittivity and reflectivity are equal and then the MFBG can serve as a 3 dB light beam splitter. Based on the sensitivity of MFBG spectral lines to the magneto-optic (MO) coupling coefficient, a novel high-resolution magnetic field sensor capable of up to 0.01 nm/(kA/m) is predicted. According to the dependency of nonlinear transmission or reflection on the MO effects, a new class of MFBG-based nonlinear optical switches under an appropriate MO bias may also be achieved with applications to flexible and controllable optical signal processing.     

双源电子束蒸发制备Si/SiO2光学薄膜的工艺

用双源电子束蒸发的方法,在K9玻璃基片上蒸镀Si和SiO2的混合膜.通过改变两种膜料蒸发速率的比例,得到的各个膜层,其折射率大小在两种膜料折射率之间的范围内变化.从实验上得出了混合膜层的折射率随Si和SiO2蒸发速率比变化的规律,并讨论了这种淀积方法的优越性.     

高斯镜平凸非稳腔本征模场的有限元数值计算

为了研究激光在高斯镜平凸非稳腔中的模式和相位特征,在SIEGMAN分析多元件非稳腔的理论基础上,采用有限元数值方法计算耦合输出镜镜面反射率为高斯分布的圆镜平凸非稳腔本征模场分布。将光场在腔内一次往返的ABCD系数代入惠更斯-基尔霍夫衍射积分方程,可以写出光场往返一次的衍射积分方程。将镜面分割成若干个等宽圆环,把衍射积分方程转化成矩阵相乘形式,经过数值计算,得到理想空腔和非共轴空腔优先起振的光场本征模式分布结果与相位特性。计算结果表明,当合适选择输出镜半径与高斯反射率分布,可以得到光斑半径为0.3cm的基模高斯光束输出,此计算结果与实验结果相符。同时也讨论了耦合输出镜对光束质量的影响。     

Bistability and hysteresis in phase-conjugated reflectivity

An externally driven nonlinear Fabry-Perot interferometer with bistable transmission characteristics is probed through a weak optical field. The nonlinear interaction among the counterpropagating pump beams and the probe beam generates the phase-conjugated beam through intracavity degenerate four-wave mixing. It is shown that the phase-conjugated reflectivity displays bistability and that hysteresis as the driving field is varied in a continuous manner. The analysis is carried out in the mean-field approximation and is valid for the case of low absorption and a high-Qcavity. Both the dispersive and the absorptive effects arising due to saturation of the one-photon resonance are included, and their effect on the phase-conjugated reflectivity is discussed. The results show that, when a bistable device switches on, the reflectivity decreases by a few orders of magnitude. We discuss possible applications and suggest materials where the proposed effects can be seen.     

蓝宝石对532nm激光吸收率的实验测量

为了分析激光偏振化方向和激光入射角对激光吸收率、反射率和透过率的影响,采用量热法测量了蓝宝石对532nm线偏振光辐照下的反射率和透过率,并获得了相应的吸收率。比较实验中测得的反射率和理论计算值,发现两者变化趋势一致,证实了该试验方法的可行性。结果表明,垂直于入射面的反射率随入射角的增大而增大,平行于入射面的反射率则随入射角的增大逐渐减小,在入射角接近60时达到最小,然后急剧增大;在垂直和平行偏振光下,透过率均随着入射角增大而减小,吸收率则逐渐增大。该结果为激光加工蓝宝石时工艺参量的选择和优化提供了参考。