树脂复合减振钢板U型弯曲回弹实验与数值模拟研究

通过带法兰边的U型弯曲成形实验研究,考察了树脂复合减振钢板在不同压边力下的回弹特性.实验结果表明:压边力对树脂复合减振钢板回弹特性影响显著.较大的压边力有利于减小回弹缺陷.其次,考虑树脂层的粘弹性特性,采用非线性粘弹性模型来描述树脂层的力学变形行为,并采用Cohesive单元和固体壳单元分别对树脂层和表层钢板进行离散,进行了树脂复合减振钢板在不同压边力下的U型弯曲有限元数值模拟研究.和实验结果比较表明,所建立的有限元模型能够较好的模拟U型弯曲成形过程.最后,基于建立的有限元模型,考查了成形速度,树脂层厚度和表层钢板初始屈服应力对回弹的影响.参数分析结果表明:这三个参数对回弹角的影响显著.该研究对树脂复合减振钢板冲压工艺设计具有一定的指导意义.     

高强钢板热冲压成形热力耦合数值模拟

为研究高强钢板的热冲压成形性,采用ABAQUS软件对高温下22MnB5高强钢板沟槽形件冲压成形进行了数值模拟研究.建立了基于热力耦合的弹塑性有限元模型和热成形下的材料模型,通过对沟槽形件热成形进行数值模拟,考察了压边力、模具间隙和凹模圆角半径等工艺参数对热成形时温度分布和回弹的影响,给出了热成形中产生回弹的机理,确定了合适的工艺参数,通过热成形试验验证了数值结果的可靠性.     

基于数值仿真的冲压成形界面接触压力

为探究冲压成形过程中板料-凹模圆角区界面接触压力,采用有限元静力算法建立了U形件小圆角半径弯曲成形过程的数值仿真模型,完成了板料和模具界面接触压力数值模拟,并参数分析了钢板强度、相对圆角半径、压边力和摩擦系数对板料界面接触压力分布的影响.研究表明:与压边力和摩擦系数相比,钢板强度和相对圆角半径更明显地影响着板料界面接触压力,并随着材料强度增加和相对模具圆角半径减小界面接触压力明显增加;随着压边力和摩擦系数的增加,界面接触压力宽度也随之增大.     

控制压边力改善铝合金板成形性能的研究

以5052H32铝合金板为研究对象,以有限元数值模拟和基于计算机控制多点变压边力液压压力机的实验为手段,研究随位置变化的压边力对铝合金板成形性能的影响.研究结果表明:合理地控制随位置变化的变压边力可以显著提高铝合金板的成形性能,增加盒形件的拉深深度(最大拉深高度提高约12%);随位置变化的压边力对铝合金成形性能改进的主要原因是减少破裂危险区域壁厚减薄和应变的峰值;采用Barlat 96屈服准则描述铝合金的屈服行为具有较高精度,数值模拟和实验的偏差较小.     

汽车后座椅横梁冲压成形过程的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法,对某型高强钢汽车后座椅横梁的成形过程进行研究,讨论压边力和拉深筋的变化对该零件成形性能的影响。模拟结果表明,采用合适的压边力和较低的拉深筋阻力系数,可有效提高高强钢的成形性能,获得合格的零件。针对模拟结果中零件出现的缺陷,提出了初步的工艺改进方案。     

板料成形模拟中压边力处理的研究

针对弹性压边建立了一个力学模型,用于板料成形的动力显式有限元模拟.以MUMISHEET'93方盒拉深标准考题为例,模拟了方盒在不同压边力情况下的起皱情况.数值计算结果表明该模型能有效地模拟弹性压边力,并预测工件法兰部位的起皱状况.     

铝合金板材热成形-淬火一体化工艺研究进展

为解决铝合金室温塑性差和成形后热处理变形的问题,发展起来了一种铝合金板材热成形-淬火一体化新工艺。该工艺是将热处理和热成形在同一工步完成,即固溶后板材快速转移到模具中成形,然后完成模内淬火,最后通过时效来提高其强度。高温成形可提高板材成形性能,模内淬火能够保证其强度和尺寸精度。重点介绍了铝合金板材热成形-淬火一体化工艺关键技术及最新研究进展,总结了铝合金板材热成形-淬火一体化工艺实验研究和数值模拟的研究现状。     

厚钢板激光弯曲成形机理的模拟研究

对厚钢板的激光弯曲成形过程进行数值模拟.建立了钢板激光弯曲成形的三维非线性瞬态热力耦合有限元模型,模型中考虑了材料热物性参数和力学性能参数与温度的相关性.计算了钢板激光弯曲成形过程中的温度和应力,并预测了钢板的弯曲角度.模拟结果表明,厚度方向的温度梯度是导致钢板弯曲变形的主要原因.对数值模拟的结果进行了相应的实验,模拟结果与实验结果符合较好.     

拼焊板车门内板冲压成形工艺研究

采用数值模拟软件Dynaform5.5对某拼焊板车门内板的拉深成形工艺进行研究,探讨不同压边力和拉延筋对该复杂曲面零件成形性能以及焊缝移动的影响规律。通过调整压边力和拉延筋等工艺参数得到了成形性能较好且焊缝移动趋势较小的车门内板零件。     

三维自由弯曲成形装备及其关键技术

作为一种新型柔性成形技术,三维自由弯曲技术特别适用于具有复杂空间轴线、异形截面的空心构件。主要综述了三维自由弯曲成形技术的发展历程、成形装备的发展过程以及国内外的研究现状。在此基础上,重点分析了三维自由弯曲成形装备的5种典型构型及其机构运动原理,介绍了5种构型的各自特点及工程应用,并对自由弯曲成形装备的关键技术如过渡段处理技术、有限元数值模拟技术、难变形材料自由弯曲热成形技术等方面进行综述,并结合笔者的研究经历对管材自由弯曲成形研究中存在的问题进行了简要分析。最后,对管材三维自由弯曲成形技术及装备在航空航天、核电、汽车、医疗等领域的应用前景进行了分析和展望。     

低合金超高强度钢HC950LA典型零件应用及回弹控制

目的以低合金超高强度钢HC950LA为对象,研究其在汽车座椅滑轨零件上的典型应用及回弹控制。方法通过V弯试验分析HC950LA在不同弯曲角度下的最小弯曲半径,根据试验结果优化滑轨零件折弯圆角设计,使HC950LA满足滑轨零件的成形性要求,并通过试制滑轨零件,在成形过程中研究回弹控制进行方法。结果 HC950LA沿着垂直于轧制方向的折弯性能较好,成形模具半径可以小至1 mm,满足滑轨零件成形需求。使用HC950LA试制座椅滑轨零件,通过优化产品折弯圆角设计、模具型面调整及改变零件弯曲时的应力分布状态对零件进行回弹控制,零件回弹控制效果明显。结论低合金超高强度钢HC950LA冲压座椅滑轨零件成形性良好,满足零件精度、性能要求。     

基于数值模拟的管材平面弯曲成形几何加工精度规律

目的 建立高精度的有限元仿真模型可以有效地指导实际加工生产,在减少实验成本及结构件制造开发周期的同时提高成形效率。提高数值模拟中金属管材平面弯曲成形的几何加工精度,同时探究关键工艺参数对几何精度的影响规律,确定最佳工艺参数组合。方法 以管材平面弯曲成形构件为研究对象,建立了基于自由弯曲技术的管材弯曲成形有限元仿真模型,并通过实际加工实验验证了仿真精度,随后针对仿真模型的几何误差进行了参数补偿。将使用较高精度的仿真模型模拟得到的数据作为数据来源,研究关键工艺参数对仿真成形几何精度的影响机制,采用熵值法确定最佳工艺参数组合。结果 通过实际成形实验对比分析,在不同成形条件下,有限元仿真结果与实际加工结果高度吻合,两者之间的加工误差不超过2%,针对规格为32 mm×2 mm的20号碳钢管材,当轴向推进速度为5 mm/s,管材与弯曲模间隙值为0.25 mm时加工精度最高。结论 优化改进后的有限元仿真模型具有较高的几何成形精度,可有效指导实际成形工艺参数的优化工作。     

Distortion Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of AlCu4Mg1 Sheet Components after High‐Pressure Gas Quenching in Comparison to Liquid Quenching

The quenching process after solution annealing of age hardenable aluminium alloys is necessary for an improvement of the mechanical properties, but also tends to result in distortion, especially in thin or complex shaped parts, and requires a costly reworking. High‐pressure gas quenching can reduce distortion compared to liquid quenching, because of the better temperature uniformity during quenching. A determination of the distortion behaviour of different serial parts of the aluminium wrought alloy 2024cl (AlCu4Mg1,clad) points out, that high‐pressure gas quenching offers predominantly excellent values regarding the dimensional accuracy after quenching compared to liquid quenchants. In comparison to the conventional heat treatment, similar values in strength, hardness and electrical conductivity have been determined after gas quenching and aging of different aluminium alloys (2024, 6013, and 7075), Furthermore, the residual stresses have been investigated and could be clearly reduced after gas quenching.     

Numerical simulation of hot stamping of quenchable boron steel

Quenchable boron steel is a new type of ultra-high-strength steel used for automotive parts to reduce the weight of automobiles and maintain the safety requirements. On the basis of experimental data of mechanics and thermal physical properties, a material model under hot stamping condition of quenchable steel was set up, and the numerical simulation to the whole hot stamping process of hot forming, quenching and spring-back of bending parts was made with ABAQUS software. The results show that the springback of hot stamping parts increases when the blank-holder force (BHF) decreases; and it increases when the clearance between punch and dies increases and when the die radius increases. The simulation results are basically in agreement with experimental results.     

欠弯曲形成机理及临界凹模肩宽研究

为揭示欠弯曲的发生机理,探求其发生的临界条件,采用数值模拟、理论分析与实验研究相结合的方法,对板材的V形弯曲过程进行了深入探讨.提出板材与凹模接触处因接触应力过大而导致发生局部塑性变形是欠弯曲发生的根本原因,并进一步提出了临界凹模肩宽判据,结合弹塑性弯曲及接触力学理论,建立了临界肩宽的理论分析模型,设计了相应的弯曲实验装置,并进行相关实验研究.实测数据与本文给出的理论模型计算结果吻合较好,表明本文所建立的计算模型在弯曲变形满足平截面假设时具有较高的计算精度.     

Effect of glass addition and quenching on the relation between inductance and external compressive stress in Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite-glass composites

The stress-inductance characteristic of ferrite-glass composites has been studied with special emphasis on the effect of heat treatment and glass chemistry. The stress-inductance relation of Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite has been greatly improved by incorporating glass and by quenching from high temperature. The effect of quenching temperature on the stress-inductance characteristic is discussed in terms of the bending strength and fracture mode of the composites, and creep and microcrack formation during quenching are proposed as responsible factors.     

Thermal proof testing of ceramics

The possibility of thermal proof testing with thermal stress induced by quenching was examined. For this purpose, the bending strength and the critical temperature difference for quenching into water and quench oil for soda-lime-silica glass were measured before and after proof testing by quenching the specimens into water, ethyl alcohol, silicon oil and quench oil. Proof testing by water, ethyl alcohol and silicon oil quenching modified the distribution of the critical temperature difference as expected, but not that of the bending strength at all. It is suggested that proof testing by rapid quenching is a useful method for truncating the critical temperature difference distribution of ceramic components of heat engines and so on.     

关于离散Kirchhoff薄板单元的研究

本文对离散Kirchhoff薄板单元进行了深入的分析。文中将用于建立离散Kirchhoff单元的泛函分为三部分,分别用应变第一不变量、绕Z轴的转动偶和有关的单元边界上的积分来表达,并阐明了各部分的作用。其中单元的收敛性质完全由第一、三部分所决定,而第二部分则控制了单元的计算精度。在此基础上,文中建议了一种提高离散Kirchhoff单元精度的新方法,并由此推导了一个任意四边形离散Kirchhoff单元。计算表明,本文的改进单元与原来的离散Kirchhoff单元及其改进型相比,计算精度有了显著提高。     

Damping behaviour of AZ91 magnesium alloy with cracks

The amplitude-dependent damping of a commercial magnesium cast alloy AZ91 was determined at room temperature by measurement of the logarithmic decrement of free decaying vibrations of bending beams clamped at one side. In order to generate cracks in the specimens they were subjected to (1) isochronal heat treatments for 1 h at temperatures above 400 °C with succeeding quenching in cold water and (2) controlled fatigue bending loading in the same equipment also used for the damping measurements. After both treatments, the amplitude-dependent damping curves show a maximum for strains 10⁻⁵ to 10⁻³, which can be correlated with the presence of cracks and can be explained by a simple rheological model based on crack damping. This maximum is enhanced when the number of loading cycles or the quenching temperature is increased which can be explained by crack nucleation. Crack growth with increasing number of loading cycles shifts the maximum to lower strains.     

Closure of Cracks Merged with Slots in Bent Plates

We solve two-dimensional mixed problems of bending for plates with cracks originating from slots. The edges of a slot satisfy the conditions of free boundary and a negative jump of displacements is allowed. The phenomenon of crack closure in bending is described on the basis of the model of contact along a line. It is shown that the interaction of crack lips is stronger in the presence of a slot but the intensity factors of forces and moments at the crack tip are not affected by the slot.