混凝剂辅助化学沉淀法处理高含磷废水的研究

在常温下,以价廉的复合沉淀剂MgCl2·6H2O和NH4HCO3处理化肥工业的高含磷废水,一次除磷可达95%以上,但一次处理液无法达标排放。利用聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作复合混凝剂,对其进一步除磷进行了研究,实验结果表明,可使处理后的废水达到国家 类水排放标准(磷质量浓度小于2mg/L)。     

上海丰远环保科技有限公司

<正>新产品介绍——废水处理系列产品除磷混凝剂除磷除镍混凝剂FY新型高效除磷剂FY除磷除镍铜混凝剂FY脱色剂FY脱色除磷剂COD去除剂除氨氮、COD、BOD、重金属离子等☆功效:除镍、除磷、除浊(SS)、去除水中COD、BOD及重金属离子等功能显著,特别是处理含镍废水效果更佳。◆除磷混凝剂对含磷废水磷的去除达99.9以上;◆除磷除镍混凝剂对电镀废水中的磷和镍能一步去除;     

聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁、聚合硫酸铝铁除磷效果对比研究

以人工配制含磷废水和实际含磷废水为研究对象,重点考察了聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS)的最佳除磷pH值范围、最佳投加量范围以及对不同类型含磷废水的除磷性能。结果表明,3种絮凝剂均在pH=6的条件下除磷效果最佳,其中,PFS表现出良好的除磷性能,是一种高效除磷混凝剂。     

新型膨润土除磷剂的除磷与脱水沉降性能研究

为探究新型膨润土除磷剂（BDA）的除磷效果与除磷后的污泥脱水沉降性能，以BDA为吸附剂，通过考察吸附时间、投加量、与聚合氯化铝（PAC）混合投加比例等因素对除磷效果的影响，探究BDA的除磷性能、沉降性能、脱水性能以及实际废水除磷效果。研究结果表明：当BDA投加量高于200mg·L-1时，对于5mg·L-1的模拟含磷废水去除率达到90%以上；BDA与PAC混合投加对磷的去除效果均优于单一投加BDA或PAC的效果；BDA脱水性能优于PAC，且有助于加速除磷后污泥的沉降过程。因此，可以采用BDA与PAC混合物来处理实际含磷废水，以达到高效除磷、提高脱水沉降性能、降低成本的目的。     

沸石吸附处理含磷废水的实验研究

静态吸附状态下对人造沸石处理含磷模拟废水进行了实验研究,探讨了沸石用量、磷初始浓度、吸附时间、温度及pH对除磷效果的影响。结果表明,不同磷初始浓度,沸石除磷效果也不同,当废水含磷（以P20s汁）为16mg^-1。时,最佳除磷条件是：沸石质量浓度为18g,L,废水pH为6．8在右,吸附时间为20min,30℃条件下,磷去除率可达98％,沸石作为废水除磷吸附剂具有很好的发展前景。     

用于市政废水除磷的聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂研究

以价廉的铝酸钙粉为原料，研制了一种用于市政废水除磷的高效低耗的聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）无机高分子复合絮凝剂．研究内容包括：PAFC的制备方法研究，PAFC用量对模拟废水和实际废水除磷、除浊效果的影响，废水经PAFC处理后pH值的变化情况，废水酸度对除磷效果的影响，PAFC与常见商品絮凝剂除磷性能的比较研究。试验结果表明：自制的铝铁复合絮凝剂的除磷效果好于传统的铁盐和商品铝铁盐；除浊效果也较好，除浊率可达到95％以上；废水处理后pH值也较稳定。PAFC用于市政废水有较优异的除磷、除浊性能。     

化成箔废水除磷的研究

化成箔生产的过程中，使用了磷酸进行表面处理，使外排废水中的磷浓度超标，需要有简便可行的除去方法。研究了两种不同沉淀剂及混凝剂的除磷效果，考察了氢氧化钙的加入量、搅拌时间、pH及温度对处理效果的影响，形成了化成箔废水中去除磷的工艺流程。结果表明：在一定的条件下，采用石灰去除磷的效果良好，去除率可达98％以上，具有实际应用价值。     

PAC-PDMDAAC无机/有机复合絮凝剂除磷研究

研究了无机／有机复合絮凝剂PAC-PDMDAAC用于废水除磷,探索了PAC-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂除磷的最佳配比范围和最佳用量。研究表明,在最佳条件下对模拟废水磷去除率为94．4％,浊度去除率为97％。本实验还将该复合絮凝剂应用于实际生活废水,对于实际废水的磷去除率为95％,浊度去除率为94．5％,达到国家含磷污水排放一级标准(GB8978-1996)。     

聚合硫酸铝铁处理含磷废水

本文以聚合硫酸铝铁（PAFS）和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）为原料制备了PAFS-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂,并将其应用于实际含磷废水处理.实验结果表明,复合絮凝剂具有良好的除磷效果,在最佳工艺条件下,能将废水中的含磷量降至0.28mg/L以下,达国家污水磷排放一级标准（GB8978-1996）,pH可控制在6.9～7.1之间,且可大大降低废水浊度,是一种具有良好发展前景的水处理剂.     

含磷废水处理技术研究进展

磷是水体富营养化的限制性因素,废水除磷是控制水体富营养化的关键,也是回收磷的重要途径之一.本文就含磷废水的处理方法,包括生物法、化学法、吸附法以及结晶法等除磷技术的原理、特点及研究现状进行了详细介绍,综合分析表明,研究价格低廉、选择性好,易再生的水处理方法是今后含磷废水处理领域的主要发展趋势,未来对磷的回收将是水处理过程中的重要环节.     

用磷表快速测定磷石膏中水溶磷和非水溶磷

用磷表分析法代替磷钼酸喹啉容量法测定磷石膏中的水溶磷和非水溶磷,分析方法简单,经与传统容量法对照,结果准确、可靠,降低了分析成本,能满足生产控制分析需求。     

Association of soil-test phosphorus with phosphorus fractions and adsorption characteristics

There is incomplete understanding, based on a single comprehensive study, of the relationship between empirical extractants of soil-test P (STP) and fundamental measurements of soil-P status such as inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) fractions, P adsorption and relevant ancillary soil attributes. Consequently, we assessed these relationships for the extractants Morgan, Mehlich-3, Olsen, Bray-1, lactate–acetate, CaCl₂ (1:2 and 1:10 soil:solution) and resin. Multiple regression analysis indicated that STP extracted with Morgan and CaCl₂ related dominantly with the most labile resin Pi fraction, Mehlich-3 and Olsen with labile NaHCO₃ Pi, Bray-1 with moderately labile NaOH Pi and lactate-acetate with relatively stable Ca-bound HCl Pi, for example. Especially for Morgan and CaCl₂ (1:2), and except for Bray-1, the best relationship of STP with adsorption characteristics was with equilibrium P concentration in solution (EPC). Buffering capacity (EBC) and binding energy (k) did not have significant effects, as indicated by regression, whereas the effects of clay and oxalate-extractable Fe (Fe_ox) were generally negative and Al_ox and organic carbon (OC) positive. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted many similarities in the extractants. However, regression of STP against soil-P pools, integrated as principal component scores, inadequately revealed relationships, which were better facilitated by PCA ordinations. For ordinations of STP with P fractions, eigenvalues for the first two axes explained 88.6% of the variance. Closest associations were residual Pi with HCl Pi, CaCl₂ (1:10) and to a lesser extent Morgan with OC and clay, and Mehlich-3 and Olsen with NaHCO₃ Pi and resin Pi. For ordinations of STP with P adsorption, eigenvalues for the first two axes explained 97.8% of the variance. The STP extractants grouped in specific, but distinctly different, combinations. For example, strongest inverse relationships were EBC to EPC and Morgan, and k to resin and Olsen, and to OC and clay, indicative of weak P bonding on these surfaces. These distinctions are consistent with, and provide a rationale for, the relevance of Morgan as an environmental P test vis-a-vis other extractants of STP.     

污水除磷脱氮与磷回收技术

磷作为一种不可再生资源,在现代工农业生产中起着重要的作用。但污水中大量P元素的排放,对环境造成了一定的影响。采用除磷脱氮工艺处理污水,不但可以有效回收磷,而且可以解决水体富营养化问题。     

Influence of soil phosphorus and manure on phosphorus leaching in Swedish topsoils

In Sweden, subsurface transport of phosphorus (P) from agricultural soils represents the primary pathway of concern for surface water quality. However, there are mixed findings linking P in leachate with soil P and limited understanding of the interactive effects of applied P sources and soil test P on P leaching potential. Identifying soils that are susceptible to P leaching when manure is applied is critical to management strategies that reduce P loadings to water bodies. Intact soil columns (20 cm deep) from five long-term fertilization trials across Sweden were used in leaching experiments with simulated rainfall to explore the interactive effects of dairy cow (Bos taurus L.) manure application, soil test P and cropping system. Strong relationships were observed between ammonium lactate-extractable P in soil and dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations in leachate, although regression slopes varied across soils. For three soils, application of manure (equal to 21–30 kg P ha^?1) to the soil columns significantly increased DRP leaching losses. The increase in DRP concentration was correlated to soil test P, but with wide variations between the three soils. For two soils leachate P concentrations after manure addition were independent of soil P status. Despite variable trends in P leaching across the different soils, P concentrations in leachate were always moderate from soils at fertilization rates equivalent to P removal with harvest. Results clearly stress the importance of long-term P balance to limit P leaching losses from Swedish agricultural soils.     

Available soil phosphorus, phosphorus buffering and soil cover determine most variation in phosphorus concentration in runoff from pastoral sites

Phosphorus (P) runoff from agricultural land contributes to elevated P concentrations in surface water. Although P concentrations in runoff are often higher when soil P is increased, attempts to quantify this relationship in field studies have been inconclusive, either because of confounding within experiments or methodological differences between experiments. The present study attempted to address these issues using simulated rainfall at 15 pastoral locations with varied lithology, land-use intensity, plant cover and soil-P properties in SE Australia, at a total of 38 on-farm sites, each with paired plots. At 27 sites, one of each pair was covered with 70?% shade-cloth to reduce rainfall energy. Although these were uncultivated pastoral sites and surface soil erosion rates were all relatively low, eroded surface soil had sufficiently high concentrations of P to make a major contribution to total P in runoff from some sites, even when plant-available soil P was low. We conclude that greater vegetative cover is required to manage P in runoff than to manage soil erosion. When soil was adequately protected against erosion by either high vegetative cover or shade-cloth, greater than 90?% of the variation in both dissolved reactive P and total P was explained by two commonly measured soil variables: soil-test P (bicarbonate extract) and P-buffering index (where P was in the range where plants may respond to fertiliser). It appears that available soil P can be raised with fertiliser to improve agronomic production without fear of significantly increasing P losses in runoff provided soil test P remains below the agronomic critical concentration defined by the soil P-buffering index. These findings have broad relevance for environmental risk assessment and management where the data required for more complex procedures are unavailable.     

磷矿伴生氟将是我国氟化工的重要原料

我国磷矿伴生氟资源储量相当于国内已探明萤石储量的13.67～16.71倍,每年开采的磷矿石量达5000多万吨,伴生氟有150多万吨,其中大部分未能回收利用,氟的流失量远大于国内当年萤石需求量中氟的总量,磷矿、萤石是不可再生资源,有效利用氟资源是持续发展氟化工的必然选择.     

三氯化磷生产过程中五氯化磷的处置

介绍了三氯化磷生产过程中五氯化磷的生成原理,通过一起大量处置五氯化磷案例,描述了五氯化磷在生成过程中的现象,提出了处置过程中的注意事项及安全处置的建议。