MIMO的天线系统设计

系统地描述了MIMO分集性能衡量指标,并对空间分集、方向图分集、极化分集进行了概念描述。进而根据MIMO系统天线设计的要求和特点,结合新型MIMO系统天线单元和天线阵列,分析了其设计思路,同时重点设计了一种用于MIMO系统的终端阵列天线,即单层矩形切角贴片天线,并对其S 参数和方向图进行了模拟和分析。模拟结果对合理设计MIMO系统发射和接收端天线阵列具有现实意义。     

Bit error performance of convolutional coded MIMO system with linear MMSE receiver

In this letter, we introduce an analytical expression to the coded bit error rate (BER) of a MIMO system with a linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver. We derive the moment generating function (MGF) of the SINR for arbitrary antenna configurations from the cumulative density function of SINR.We show that the moment generating function of the SINR at the MMSE detector output can be used to estimate the BER performance of a coded MIMO system. The analysis is simple and gives an accurate BER estimation at a high SNR. Based on the analytical and simulated results, the diversity order is dependent on the antenna configuration and the free distance of the convolutional code. Finally, we compare the analytical expression with simulated results for validation.     

干扰背景下MIMO雷达部分相关信号设计

在干扰背景下,集中式MIMO雷达可以通过设计发射波形提高系统的输出信干噪比,然而优化后的波形通常会具有较高的自相关旁瓣,降低了接收机对弱目标的检测性能。该文提出一种干扰背景下MIMO雷达部分相关信号设计方法。该方法在兼顾发射信号峰均比(PAPR)的同时,在发射天线对正交恒模波形进行加权处理,并以最大化接收机系统的输出信干噪比为准则建立目标函数,给出一种基于拟牛顿法的连续优化算法求解目标函数,获得最优加权,使得系统的输出信干噪比得到提升。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效地抑制干扰,并可自适应地将发射信号能量辐射向目标方向,提高系统输出信干噪比。     

Adaptive Counting Rule for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Under Correlated Environments

We propose in this paper a dual-antenna-array (with transmitter antenna array and receiver antenna array) architecture, where the antenna elements are divided into several antenna element sets and each traffic channel is transmitted over an antenna element set, to realize the multiple traffic channels set up by a user. A SINR feedback based algorithm, which can regulate the transmission rate by iteratively adjusting the power on each traffic channel, is proposed to execute the rate control for the proposed dual-antenna-array architecture under cochannel interference. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can make the throughput meet the throughput requirement or achieve the weighted bandwidth sharing for certain fairness. In addition, we further propose a traffic channel configuration algorithm to help the SINR feedback based algorithm find the optimal traffic channel configuration that can meet the throughput requirement for each traffic channel or results in the maximal total throughput for each user.     

Efficient detection in uniform linear and planar arrays MIMO systems under spatial correlated channels

In this paper, the efficiency of various multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) detectors was analyzed from the perspective of highly correlated channels, where MIMO systems have a lack of performance, besides in some cases, an increasing complexity. Considering this hard but a useful scenario, various MIMO detection schemes were accurately evaluated concerning complexity and bit error rate performance. Specifically, successive interference cancellation, lattice reduction, and the combination of them were associated with conventional linear MIMO detection techniques. To demonstrate effectiveness, a wide range of the number of antennas and modulation formats have been considered aiming to verify the potential of such MIMO detection techniques according to their performance‐complexity trade‐off. We have also studied the correlation effect when both transmit and receiver sides are equipped with uniform linear array and uniform planar array antenna configurations. The performance of different detectors is carefully compared when both antenna array configurations are deployed considering a different number of antennas and modulation order, especially under near‐massive MIMO condition. We have also discussed the relationship between the array factor and the bit error rate performance of both antenna array structures.     

分布式发射天线MIMO OFDM的一种低复杂度频偏校正算法

 在分布式发射天线MIMO OFDM系统中,各发射天线由于使用独立的晶振导致了每根发射天线到接收机间具有不同的频率偏移. 为了降低频偏造成的子载波间干扰,本文提出一种以最大化每根接收天线上子载波的条件平均信干噪比为准则,校正接收信号中频率偏移的算法. 利用多项式近似法对条件平均信干噪比作近似处理,获得了低复杂度的频偏校正值解析式. 与已有的频率偏移校正算法相比,所提算法的性能略有提升,复杂度降低50%或更多.     

改进的GPS抗干扰自适应天线阵性能研究

文章提出了一种用于GPS接收机的新型抗干扰自适应天线阵,并给出了对其方向图和输出信干噪比的仿真过程.比较了在相同的信号环境时,该天线阵与常用的均匀直线阵、等间隔圆形阵的性能.结果表明,使用该自适应阵可以改善天线阵的方向图,提高输出信号干扰噪声比SINR,增强接收机的抗干扰能力.     

Asymptotic Analysis of Spatially Correlated MIMO Multiple-Access Channels With Arbitrary Signaling Inputs for Joint and Separate Decoding

While the capacity of a single-user, point-to-point, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel has been well known, the achievable capacity of a MIMO channel in the presence of other co-channel users is much less understood. One such important scenario is the multiple-access (MA) channel where communication occurs from many uncoordinated mobile users to a common base station receiver (i.e., multipoint-to-point). Unlike previous studies whose emphases were on the idealized spatially uncorrelated channels with Gaussian signaling inputs from users, this paper derives a general analytical expression for the asymptotic (in the sense of large-system limit) sum-rate of a MIMO-MA system where the transmitters and the receiver can have different spatial correlations, and the users' inputs are not necessarily Gaussian. In addition to the sum-rate formula that assumes optimal joint decoding at the base station, we also derive the asymptotic sum-rate of a more practical system which performs separate decoding (multiuser detection followed by a bank of temporal error-correction decoders). Our analytic formulae are important in that they reveal the sum-rate one's system can achieve given the spatial correlation structures at the transmitters and receiver, and the input signal distributions. For special cases that users are homogeneous or users have Gaussian inputs, our results degenerate to previously published results. Furthermore, through computer simulations, we see that the proposed asymptotic solution gives good estimates for the ergodic sum-rate of the systems even with only a few antenna elements at each transmitter and receiver     

Analysis of Single‐RF MIMO Receiver with Beam‐Switching Antenna

This paper proposes a single‐RF MIMO receiver that adopts a beam‐switching antenna (BSA) instead of a conventional array antenna. The beauty of the proposed single‐RF MIMO receiver with BSA is that it can be deployed in a very small physical space while achieving a full spatial multiplexing gain. Our analysis has revealed that the use of a BSA inevitably results in the spectrum spreading effect at the RF output, which in turn causes an SNR decrease and adjacent channel interference (ACI). Two novel receiver techniques are proposed to mitigate the issues of redundant sub‐band suppression and ACI avoidance. Numerical analysis results verify the performance improvement from the proposed receiver techniques.     

Performance evaluation of spatially multiplexed MIMO systems with subset antenna transmission in interference limited environments

Transmit antenna selection in spatially multiplexed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is a low complexity low-rate feedback technique, which involves transmission of a reduced number of streams from the maximum possible to improve the error rate performance of linear receivers. It has been shown to be effective in enhancing the performance of single-user interference-free point-to-point MIMO systems. However, performance of transmit antenna selection techniques in interference-limited environments and over frequency selective channels is less well understood. In this paper, we investigate the performance of transmit antenna selection in spatially multiplexed MIMO systems in the presence of co-channel interference. We propose a transmission technique for the downlink of a cellular MIMO system that employs transmit antenna selection to minimize the effect of co-channel interference from surrounding cells. Several transmit antenna selection algorithms are proposed and their performance is evaluated in both frequency flat and frequency selective channels. Various antenna selection algorithms proposed in the literature for single user MIMO links are extended to a cellular scenario, where each user experiences co-channel interference from the other cells (intercell interference) in the system. For frequency selective channels, we consider orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with MIMO. We propose a selection algorithm that maximizes the average output SINR over all subcarriers. A method to quantify selection gain in frequency selective channel is discussed. The effect of delay spread on the selection gain is studied by simulating practical fading environments with different delay spreads. The effect of the variable signal constellation sizes and the number of transmitted streams on the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed system is also investigated in conjunction with the transmit antenna selection. Simulation results show that for low to moderate interference power, significant improvement in the system performance is achievable with the use of transmit antenna selection algorithms. Even though the gain due to selection in frequency selective channels is reduced compared to that in flat fading channels due to the inherent frequency diversity, the performance improvement is significant when the system is interference limited. The performance improvement due to reduced number of transmit streams at larger signal constellation sizes is found to be more significant in spatially correlated scenarios, and the gain due to selection is found to be reduced with the increased delay spread. It is found that employing transmit antenna selection algorithms in conjunction with adaptation of the number of transmitted streams and the signal constellation sizes can significantly improve the performance of MIMO systems with co-channel interference.     

非对称毫米波大规模MIMO系统信道特性研究

为了满足下一代无线通信的需求,基于最近提出的非对称毫米波大规模多输入多输出(multipleinput multiple-output, MIMO)系统架构,研究了非对称毫米波大规模MIMO系统信道特性——信道非对称性. 根据非对称毫米波大规模MIMO系统架构和影响毫米波信道非对称性的主要因素,提出了刻画上下行信道非对称性的新参数——非对称因子. 同时利用实验室自行研发的射线跟踪平台对非对称毫米波信道进行仿真分析. 结果表明,基站收发天线阵列配置不同是导致信道非对称性的根本原因,复杂的传播环境使得这种非对称性更加突出,严重情况下室内场景非对称因子可达到?30 dB左右. 同时室外视距(line-of-sight, LoS)和非视距(non-line-of-sight, NLoS)场景下的非对称因子累积分布函数(cumulative distribution function, CDF)与高斯分布拟合程度较好,而NLoS场景下明显比LoS场景下的非对称因子小. 因此,非对称因子能够直观地描述出不同场景中上下行信道的非对称程度,而且非对称毫米波大规模MIMO系统也应以场景为导向进行信道特性分析.     

八波束STBC-BF发射方案中天线选择技术的应用

提出了大规模MIMO系统空时编码结合特征波束成形(STBC-BF)方案中的天线选择技术.发射符号空时分组编码后经天线阵列加权,形成特征波束,利用天线选择技术对发射天线和接收天线进行选择,接收端采用传统译码方法进行译码.该方案既可以获得空间分集增益和阵列增益,又能减少射频链路的数目,从而降低计算复杂度.仿真结果表明了该方案的有效性.     

一种选择最大多用户分集MIMO信道调度方法及性能分析

提出了一种选择最大多用户分集MIMO信道调度方法,能在不降低性能的基础上减少反馈负载：每个用户将最大的信干噪比值与设定的门限比较,只有大于门限的值及对应的发射天线序号返回给基站,基站分配独立的信道给最大信干噪比用户。给出了所提方案的系统平均容量和反馈负载量的分析,仿真结果与分析一致。     

Transmit-antenna selection for spatial multiplexing with ordered successive interference cancellation

This letter proposes a low-complexity algorithm for transmit-antenna selection in a multi-input multi-output spatial multiplexing system with per-antenna rate control and an ordered successive interference cancellation receiver. The active antenna subset and its transmission rate are determined at the receiver, and conveyed to the transmitter using limited feedback. We propose a serial antenna-selection procedure consisting of a successive process that tests whether transmit-antenna selection gain exists when the antenna with the lowest signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is discarded at each selection stage. Furthermore, we show that "reverse-detection ordering", whereby the signal with the lowest SINR is decoded at each stage of successive decoding, widens the disparities among fractions of the whole capacity allocated to each individual antenna, and thus maximizes a gain of antenna selection. Numerical results show that the proposed reverse-detection-ordering-based serial antenna selection induces a negligible capacity loss, compared with the exhaustive selection strategy, even with considerably reduced complexity.     

Performance of space-frequency combining at the antenna array of a MC-CDMA system

In this paper, a multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) system employing antenna array at base station with quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation is proposed. This receiver adopts a space-frequency two-dimensional (2-D) Rake receiver structure. Based on the detailed analysis of the interference characteristics of the proposed system, the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system is provided. With regard to spatial domain combining, the optimum and suboptimum combining weight is derived, while the suboptimum set of weights is simplified on sense of that only the knowledge of array vector of desired user alone is sufficient for the combining. Simulation results verify the analysis and show that better performance is achieved for the proposed antenna array MC-CDMA system than the corresponding single antenna approach.     

Performance Analysis of Multicarrier DS-CDMA with Antenna Array in a Fading Channel

In this paper, an antenna array based base station receiver structure for multicarrier direct sequence code-division-multiple-access (Multicarrier DS-CDMA) system with binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation is proposed. One of the main advantages of the receiver structure is that the spatial diversity is obtained by combining signals at different array elements. Based on the detailed analysis of multiple access interference (MAI) and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) characteristics, the uplink bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed antenna array Multicarrier DS-CDMA is provided. With regard to spatial domain combining, the optimum spatial combining (OSC) and suboptimum spatial combination (SOSC) weights is derived while the suboptimum set of weights is simplified in the sense that only the knowledge of array vector of desired user alone is sufficient for the combining. Simulation results verify the analysis, and it is shown that MAI is mitigated and subsequently the system performance is improved significantly by incorporating antenna array at the base station.     

Subcarrier Wise Scheduling Methods for Multi-antenna and Multi-carrier Systems

In this paper, multiuser scheduling algorithms are evaluated for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) networks. These scheduling schemes allocate M [number of transmit antennas at base station (BS)] number of independent data streams from BS to the M most favourable users experiencing the highest signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR). Here, SINR is used to convey the channel state information (CSI) to the BS. We have investigated the system throughput and feedback overhead attained by these scheduling schemes for different scenarios as: (a) the maximum CSI is sent to the BS by every user and (b) the maximum CSI sent to the BS corresponding to every BS antenna. The overall feedback overhead incurred by MIMO-OFDM system increases linearly with number of users, number of subcarriers and number of transmit antennas. Hence, to reduce the feedback overhead, a scheme is proposed where users with SINR values greater than or equal to a predefined threshold value are only allowed to feedback the channel state information to BS. The relation between system throughput and various thresholds is also studied. The achievable system throughput results are validated by comparing the probability density function of achieved SINR values by different scheduling schemes.

     

面向毫米波透镜阵列的FNN天线选择算法

为了减少毫米波大规模多输入多输出( Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)系统在数据传输过程中所使用的射频链数目,解决高硬件成本和高功耗的问题,可以将透镜天线阵列作为一个实际有效的解决方案部署在毫米波MIMO系统的基站端.利用透镜天线阵列具有基于方向的能量聚焦特性,对透镜阵列进行天线选...     

Performance of wireless CDMA with M-ary orthogonal modulation andcell site antenna arrays

An antenna array-based base station receiver structure for wireless direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) with M-ary orthogonal modulation is proposed. The base station uses an antenna array beamformer-RAKE structure with noncoherent equal gain combining. The receiver consists of a “front end” beamsteering processor feeding a conventional noncoherent RAKE combiner. The performance of the proposed receiver with closed loop power control in multipath fading channels is evaluated. Expressions for the system uncoded bit-error probability (BEP) as a function of the number of users, number of antennas, and the angle spread are derived for different power control scenarios. The system capacity in terms of number of users that can be supported for a given uncoded BEP is also evaluated. Analysis results show a performance improvement in terms of the system capacity due to the use of antenna arrays and the associated signal processing at the base station. In particular, analysis results show an increase in system capacity that is proportional to the number of antennas. They also show an additional performance improvement due to space diversity gain provided by the array for nonzero angle spreads     

Exact Outage Probability Analysis for a Multiuser MIMO Wireless Communication System With Space–Time Block Coding

A multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system with orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC) is analyzed for the uplink of a wireless communication system in a Rayleigh fading environment. In the first part of this paper, a simple and exact closed-form expression for the outage probability of the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) is derived at the input of the base station (BS) receiver by making the following two assumptions: 1) All the users transmit their data by using the same OSTBC; and 2) the users are power controlled by the same BS so that the interfering users are requested to transmit with the same power. In the second part of this contribution, the outage probability of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is calculated at the output of the BS receiver, which, in our case, is a spatial matched filter. To be able to analytically solve the latter problem, the presented analysis is restricted to the case of a single interferer and a 2 2 MIMO system with Alamouti coding. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to verify the proposed analytical expressions for the outage probability.