蛋白酶酶解罗非鱼糜的工艺研究

用风味蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶对罗非鱼肉进行水解,以酶解液中氨基态氮含量为指标,选择出风味蛋白酶为水解罗非鱼蛋白的最适蛋白酶.单因素实验确定风味蛋白酶水解的最佳条件为:固液比为1:4、温度为50℃、未调节初始pH值(初始pH为6.9)、加酶量为0.6%(g/g,相对于鱼糜质量),酶解8h后酶解液中氨基态氮含量为1...     

鲢鱼蛋白水解物的双酶法制备工艺优化

利用双酶法(Alcalase碱性蛋白酶与Flavourzyme复合风味蛋白酶)制备鲢鱼蛋白水解物,应用响应面分析法对酶水解工艺优化,最佳酶解条件为底物浓度为料水比1∶2,Alcalase碱性蛋白酶用量为0.4%,Flavourzyme复合风味蛋白酶用量为0.8%,水解温度60℃,水解pH值6.5,水解时间4h,此条件下水解度为65.2%。     

酶法水解卵黄蛋白制备多肽的工艺优化

利用酶法制备卵黄蛋白多肽。比较复合风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶水解卵黄蛋白的效果,确定碱性蛋白酶与复合风味蛋白酶为复合酶解的工艺用酶。采用响应面分析法,以水解度、多肽含量为响应值,研究加酶量、酶用量比、复合酶解时间比、pH值对制备多肽工艺的影响。结果表明：酶法水解卵黄蛋白制备多肽的最佳工艺条件为：卵黄蛋白质量浓度10g/100mL、温度55℃、pH7.2,按0.8g/100mL添加碱性蛋白酶水解2h后,再按0.4g/100mL添加复合风味蛋白酶水解2h,在该条件下水解度和多肽含量分别为(13.31±0.5)%和(1.85±0.5)mg/mL。     

辣椒粕分离蛋白酶解工艺条件的优化

从辣椒粕中提取粗蛋白,建立蛋白酶水解辣椒粕分离蛋白制备呈味肽的最佳条件。以水解度和肽得率为指标,对胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶4种酶水解辣椒粕分离蛋白的效果进行比较研究。结果表明:复合蛋白酶的水解效果最佳。通过单因素试验选取复合蛋白酶作用的固液比、酶用量、酶解时间、酶解pH值及酶解温度作为试验因素,初步确立复合蛋白酶的水解条件。并通过正交试验优化最终确定复合蛋白酶水解辣椒粕分离蛋白的最佳工艺条件为固液比110(mV),酶用量2.0%,酶解时间4h,酶解pH值6.5,酶解温度50℃。通过实验验证,在该条件下,复合蛋白酶对辣椒粕分离蛋白具有较好的水解效果,其水解度为19.60%,肽得率为6.30%。     

双酶分步水解制备菜籽蛋白肽

实验选取Alcalase 2.4 L碱性蛋白酶和复合风味蛋白酶分步水解菜籽蛋白。结果表明双酶分步水解制备菜籽肽的最佳工艺为Alcalase碱性蛋白酶在pH值9.5,温度55℃,底物质量分数3%,酶活性5 500 u/g条件下酶解5.5 h,水解度为21.14%,再用复合风味酶在pH值6,温度50℃,酶活性900 u/g条件下继续酶解3 h。单因素试验和正交实验研究粗肽液用活性炭脱色的优化条件为:在活性炭质量分数1.5%,pH值4.5,温度55℃条件下脱色50 min,脱色率达32.15%,氨基酸损失率为25.15%。     

Protamex复合蛋白酶水解牛肉的研究

为优化牛肉酶水解条件，本试验采用响应面法对Protamex复合蛋白酶水解牛肉的条件进行研究。建立了水解度（DH）与pH值、反应温度、反应时间、固液比、酶与底物浓度比之间的数学模型；并获得最佳水解工艺条件：pH值6．4，温度54℃，水解时间6h，固液比1：5．2，酶与底物浓度比2％。     

六种商品蛋白酶对鲢鱼蛋白水解效果比较研究

选用中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、动物蛋白水解酶、风味蛋白酶对鲢鱼蛋白进行酶解,以水解度为评价指标筛选出各种蛋白酶的最佳水解工艺条件,通过水解度和水解液综合风味选出水解效果最佳的酶.结果表明:风味蛋白酶、动物蛋白水解酶和木瓜蛋白酶为水解效果较好的酶,其水解度和水解液综合风味评分分别为:风味蛋白酶16.97％和8.4,动物蛋白水解酶23.38％和7.0,木瓜蛋白酶26.34％和5.6;三种酶的最佳水解条件分别为:风味蛋白酶酶用量为0.7％(W ∶ W),温度55℃,pH值8.0,液固比5 ∶ 1(W∶ V),时间4 h;动物蛋白水解酶酶用量为0.7％(W∶ W),温度55℃,pH值8.0,液固比5∶ 1(W ∶ V),时间4 h;木瓜蛋白酶酶用量为0.7％(W ∶ W),温度55℃,pH值7.0,液固比5 ∶ 1(W ∶ V),时间4h.     

酶水解生蚝的研究

以生蚝为原料,用木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、复合风味蛋白酶等对生蚝进行水解,确定用复合蛋白酶和复合风味蛋白酶相互作用,进行水解为佳。其水解条件为:第一步用复合蛋白酶,温度55℃,pH7.5,底物浓度35%,酶与底物浓度比1.25g/kg,时间2h;第二步用复合风味蛋白酶,温度50℃,pH6.0,酶与底物浓度比1.25g/kg,时间8h,其氨基氮生成率为40.5%。用此水解液生产蚝油,营养价值高,风味好,色泽亮。     

酶解鲽鱼下脚料的工艺优化

以鲽鱼下脚料为原料,采用不同蛋白酶对鲽鱼下脚料进行酶解。以水解度作为评价指标,比较不同蛋白酶的水解能力,筛选最佳酶,并对其水解工艺进行优化。结果表明:对鲽鱼下脚料水解效果较好的是中性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶,中性蛋白酶水解鲽鱼下脚料的优化条件为:酶用量0.1%,pH值6.0,温度50℃,酶解时间4.5 h。风味蛋白酶水解鲽鱼下脚料的优化条件为:酶用量0.05%,pH值6.0,温度50℃,酶解时间5.0 h。二者复合的工艺条件为:中性蛋白酶/风味蛋白酶=2/1(添加量为0.15%),pH6.0、酶解时间4.5 h,温度50℃,在此条件下水解度可达44.56%。     

鸡肉蛋白酶法水解的研究

采用中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶以及木瓜蛋白酶对鸡肉蛋白进行水解,选定水解温度、pH值、固液比、加酶量以及水解时间5个因素进行单因素实验,得到各酶适合的水解条件,通过比较得出木瓜蛋白酶为适合的水解蛋白酶;选用木瓜蛋白酶进行水解,通过正交试验,得出其适合的水解条件是pH7.0、固液比1∶3、加酶量4000 U/g、水解时间5 h,水解度可达17.3%,水解液澄清呈亮黄色无苦味有强烈香味。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press