不同蜂蜜抗氧化活性和抑制酪氨酸酶活性的比较

该研究采用分光光度法测定了10种蜂蜜中总酚酸和总黄酮的含量及对酪氨酸酶的活性抑制,采用1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除法和铁离子还原（FRAP）法测定了其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,10种蜂蜜总酚酸含量为116.46~2 133.33 mg PCA/kg,总黄酮含量为8.31~120.81 mg QUE/kg,DPPH自由基清除IC50为16.25~674.22 mg/mL,铁离子还原FRAP值为0.50~7.39 mmol Fe2+/kg,酪氨酸酶抑制IC50为9.15~350.26 mg/mL。荞麦蜜的DPPH自由基清除能力（IC50为16.25~45.83 mg/mL）、铁离子还原能力（3.21~7.39 mmol Fe2+/kg）和酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力（IC50为9.15~14.16 mg/mL）显著高于其他几种蜂蜜（p<0.05）。蜂蜜抗氧化活性、酪氨酸酶抑制活性与蜂蜜中总酚酸、总黄酮含量显著相关（p<0.05）。该研究为蜂蜜功能性产品的开发提供了依据。     

Characterisation of the phenolic and flavonoid fractions and antioxidant power of Italian honeys of different botanical origin

BACKGROUND: Twenty‐seven Italian honey samples of different floral origin were analysed for total phenolic and flavonoid contents by a spectrophotometric method and for antioxidant power and radical‐scavenging activity by the ferric‐reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays respectively. In addition, the phenolic and flavonoid profiles were analysed using high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC‐UV). RESULTS: The results of this study showed that honey contains copious amounts of phenolics and flavonoids. HPLC‐UV analysis showed a similar qualitative polyphenolic profile for all honey samples analysed. The main difference among samples was in the contribution of individual analytes, which was affected by floral origin. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents varied from 60.50 to 276.04 mg gallic acid equivalent kg^?1 and from 41.88 to 211.68 mg quercetin equivalent kg^?1 respectively. The antioxidant capacity was high and differed widely among samples. The FRAP value varied from 1.265 to 4.396 mmol Fe²⁺ kg^?1, while the radical‐scavenging activity expressed as DPPH‐IC₅₀ varied from 7.08 to 64.09 mg mL^?1. Correlations between the parameters analysed were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study shows that honey contains high levels of phenolics and flavonoids and that the distribution of these compounds is influenced by the honey's floral origin. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

神农架林区中蜂蜜理化指标及抗氧化活性分析

该研究以湖北神农架林区5个中蜂蜜样品为研究对象,对其理化指标和总酚酸、总黄酮含量进行测定,采用DPPH·和ABTS+自由基清除试验测定其抗氧化活性。试验结果表明,神农架林区5个中蜂蜜样品理化指标均符合GH/T 18796-2012《蜂蜜》,总黄酮含量为(9.95±0.04)mg/100 g^13.66±0.04mg/100 g;总酚酸含量为(20.69±0.03)mg/100 g^31.71±0.07mg/100 g;5个中蜂蜜样品均具有DPPH·和ABTS+自由基清除能力,IC50值分别在(39.14±0.16)mg/mL^106.63±0.38mg/mL和(48.48±0.22)mg/mL^127.07±1.41mg/mL之间。其中总酚酸含量与清除DPPH·和ABTS+自由基能力存在显著正相关,其相关系数分别为0.973、0.920。该研究首次报道了神农架林区中蜂蜜的理化性质及其抗氧化活性,为神农架林区中蜂蜜的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

Antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of Turkish pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) accessions

The objective of this study was to assess antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of four different Turkish pomegranate varieties (Hatay, Hicaz, Adana and Antalya) using an in vitro HepG2 cancer cell model. All the pomegranate extracts employed in this study significantly diminish the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. The total phenolic acid, anthocyanin and flavonoid contents for each of the four varieties were determined. The Hatay pomegranate variety had the highest total phenolic acid (337.4 ± 2.34 mg/100 g) and flavonoid (58.42 ± 2.25 mg/100 g) contents of the pomegranates examined. Antioxidant activities of the pomegranates were determined using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The lack of correlation between colour index value and antioxidant–antiproliferative activities suggested that phenolic acids and flavonoids are predominant compounds influencing pomegranate's bioactivity rather than anthocyanins. Individual phenolic acids found in Hatay pomegranates were determined, using an HPLC system, as gallic acid being the most predominant phenolic compound.     

单花蜂蜜多酚类物质的抗氧化活性

以5种中国单花原蜜,不同产地的42个样本通过Amberlite XAD-2吸附树脂得到的多酚提取物为原料,采用分光光度法,测定总酚酸和总黄酮含量、还原能力、抗氧化活性(清除DPPH自由基、O2－ ·能力),评估蜂蜜多酚类物质抗氧化活性及蜂蜜品种、颜色和地域差异对清除自由基的影响。结果表明：样本总黄酮含量为(9.41±0.18)～(92.76±0.13)mg/kg;总酚酸含量为(9.10±0.05)～(149.57±0.14)mg/100g;深色枣花蜜抗氧化能力最强,对DPPH自由基、O2－ ·清除作用分别为EC50＝(0.042±0.014)g/mL和EC50＝(0.038±0.009)g/mL。提示蜂蜜的多酚类物质影响抗氧化活性,酚酸、黄酮含量与抗氧化能力呈现正相关系;色深原蜜的酚酸、黄酮含量高于色浅原蜜,抗氧化能力也强于浅色原蜜。     

青钱柳叶活性成分的抗氧化活性及UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS分析

利用96孔板法测定青钱柳叶不同溶剂(水、70%乙醇、乙酸乙酯和正己烷)提取物中总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性(DPPH自由基清除能力、还原能力、总抗氧化能力),考察酚类物质含量与抗氧化活性的相关性,并采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spetrometry,UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)分析提取物中主要活性成分。结果表明:不同提取物中总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性存在显著性差异且70%乙醇溶液提取物表现出最高的总酚(219.01 mg GAE/g)、总黄酮含量(7.23 mg CE/g)及最强的DPPH自由基清除能力(35.46 mg TE/g)和还原能力(1.89 mmol Fe SO_4/g);总酚、总黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除能力、还原能力之间呈正相关,与总抗氧化能力呈显著负相关,表明多酚类物质是青钱柳中主要的抗氧化剂。UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS分析70%乙醇溶液提取物并初步鉴定出22种化合物,包括2种有机酸、4种酚酸、5种黄酮、8种三萜皂苷类和3种酯类,其中酚酸和黄酮类化合物是主要的抗氧化活性成分,有机酸、三萜皂苷及酯类化合物可能是潜在的抗氧化活性成分。     

Evaluation of the phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of two Malaysian floral honeys

The antioxidant activity of two selected Malaysian honeys, as well as their ethyl acetate extracts, were evaluated. The antioxidant activities were determined in terms of their anti radical power (ARP) as assessed by DPPH radical scavenging assay and their total antioxidant power (TAP), as assessed by FRAP assay. Total phenolic content of the extracts was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteau procedure. The characteristic antioxidant activities showed a marked correlation with the total phenolic contents. These results indicated that honey has antioxidative and radical scavenging properties, which are mainly due to its phenolic content. This is the first report of the antioxidant properties of Malaysian honeys.     

Antioxidant Activity of Artisanal Honey From Tabasco,Mexico

Potential claims for honey, floral variety and their health properties are relevant for small farmers and artisan producers. The antioxidant activity of honey samples from cacao farms, mangrove, citrus, and coconut groves from Mexico was established by applying a multiple-method approach, which included determination of the level of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids. Total phenolics and total flavonoids ranged from 51 to 134 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g honey and from 29.6 to 187.1 mg rutin equivalents/100 g honey respectively. Methanolic and aqueous solutions had similar profiles for inhibition of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (range from 33 to 85%) but the aqueous solutions tended to show lower radical scavenging properties. Linear correlations were established between flavonoids contents and percentage inhibition of DPPH, but phenolics contents were not well correlated (R² = 0.68) to the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values which showed wide ranges from 48 to 152 mg Trolox/100 g honey. No patterns could be found in relation to antioxidant activities and the agrifood system of origin, floral availability, collection location, or season. Artisan honey samples from Tabasco were highly variable in their antioxidant properties, possibly because of the biodiversity and seasonal variations, which contribute to their unique nature. The antioxidant tests used in this study could be useful to verify the antioxidant function of honey.     

不同豇豆中酚类含量与抗氧化活性

为深入了解豇豆的营养价值,以11个不同品种的豇豆样品为原料,对其总酚含量、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性(总还原能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力、·OH清除能力)进行分析,并讨论酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明,不同品种的豇豆酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性差异显著。在测定的样品中,新杂1号表现出最高的总酚含量(5.59 mg GAE/g)、总黄酮含量(4.12 mg CAE/g)及抗氧化活性(总还原能力和DPPH自由基清除能力);豇豆中总酚含量、总黄酮含量与总还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力之间有极显著相关性(P0.01),与·OH清除能力之间没有显著相关性。     

黑色小扁豆中不同结合态酚类含量、花青素组成及其抗氧化活性研究

黑色小扁豆因含有丰富的营养素、微量营养素和植物化学物成分而受到研究者的关注。为深入了解小扁豆的营养价值,对小扁豆中不同结合形态的酚类化合物含量及其抗氧化活性(亚铁离子还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力)进行测定。结果表明,黑色小扁豆中不同存在形式的酚类提取物含量差异显著。酯键合态酚类提取物中含有较高的酚酸含量(1.61 mg/g),碱水解结合态酚类提取物具有较高的黄酮含量(1.07 mg/g)及抗氧化活性【亚铁离子还原能力(43.80 mmol/g)、DPPH自由基清除能力(2.13 mg/g)、ABTS清除能力(3.92 mg/g)】。对黑色小扁豆中存在的花青素进行提取和分析鉴定,其含有的花青素主要为飞燕草-3-O-(2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷)和矢车菊素衍生物。     

植物乳杆菌对淫羊藿黄酮苷类成分的转化作用

以淫羊藿为研究对象,植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）为发酵菌株,考察淫羊藿发酵过程中1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）和羟基自由基清除能力和多酚、黄酮、多糖含量的变化,采用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）法分析了淫羊藿灭菌前后及发酵过程中主要活性成分的变化。淫羊藿经植物乳杆菌发酵后,DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率、总黄酮、多酚、多糖含量均有了显著提高,当发酵时间为37 h时,分别为29.59%、46.33%、11.90 mg/L、1.51 mg/L、0.18 g/L;UPLC-Q-TOF-MS共鉴定出57种活性化学成分,其中黄酮类51种,酚酸类4种、其他类2种;经植物乳杆菌发酵后,淫羊藿中黄酮苷元、单糖苷和酚酸类成分总体上相对含量升高,黄酮多级糖苷和二级糖苷的相对含量降低。     

桑葚果酒全渣发酵过程中生物活性物质及其抗氧化活性变化的研究

以桑葚干果为实验原料,考察桑葚发酵液中总酚、类黄酮、花青素的含量及抗氧化活性能力在发酵过程中的变化情况。结果表明:发现前发酵10 d的类黄酮和花青素类物质受发酵的影响逐渐变少,而总酚类物质含量逐渐升高;抗氧化活性总体上呈先升后降的趋势,相比于发酵开始时下降了近50%。DPPH和FRAP法相较于ABTS法,更适合表征桑葚发酵液的抗氧化活性变化情况。桑葚酒再经过40 d陈酿最终残还原糖为14.21 g/kg,乙醇浓度为101.6 g/kg,总酚含量2.124 g/kg,花青素含量579.4 mg/kg,类黄酮41.2 g/kg,DPPH自由基清除率为21.1%,FRAP抗氧化活性为40.9μmol Fe²⁺/L,总浸出物为23.241 g/L,符合国家相关标准,为进一步开发高生物活性桑葚精深加工产品提供了一条可行的途径。      

马铃薯抗氧化活性成分研究

分析了宁夏地区种植的8种马铃薯总酚、总黄酮含量,并采用高效液相色谱法测定马铃薯中酚酸种类及其含量;通过体外抗氧化评价模型比较8种马铃薯对超氧阴离子、羟基自由基、DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除能力及FRAP铁还原能力。结果表明:黑美人总酚含量最高,为400.38 mg/100 g,夏波蒂总酚含量最低,为233.93mg/100g;费乌瑞它黄酮含量最高,为107.39mg/100g,庄薯3号黄酮含量最低,为33.17mg/100g;所有品种马铃薯的主要酚酸物质均为绿原酸,其中黑美人含量最高(91.46%);绿原酸含量与酚酸、黄酮含量呈极显著正相关性(P0.01);酚酸含量与ABTS自由基清除能力相关性最大;黄酮含量与羟基自由基清除能力呈极显著负相关(P0.01);绿原酸含量与ABTS自由基清除能力相关性最大。     

不同种质鱼腥草总酚、黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性

目的：提取并测定16份鱼腥草材料(含1份峨眉蕺菜)叶片总酚和黄酮含量,研究其体外抗氧化活性。方法：以95%乙醇超声提取并测定16份综合农艺性状较好的鱼腥草材料以显色及紫外分光光度测定成分含量,DPPH、ABTS法测定抗氧化活性。结果：16份鱼腥草总酚含量变异范围为7.01～15.0mg/g;黄酮含量变异范围为3.56～11.0mg/g;DPPH法抗氧化值最小为84.7μmol/g,最大为248μmol/g;而ABTS法抗氧化能力的变幅为 78.4～218μmol/g。以总酚和黄酮含量、DPPH法以及ABTS法抗氧化能力进行聚类分析,按欧氏距离大于70可将16份鱼腥草材料分为两类。其中Ⅰ类包含11份鱼腥草材料(含峨眉蕺菜),其总酚和黄酮含量低,抗氧化能力弱。Ⅱ类包含5份鱼腥草材料,其总酚和黄酮含量高,体外抗氧化能力强。总酚、黄酮含量和体外抗氧化活性指标间相关性均达极显著水平。结论：16份鱼腥草材料总酚、黄酮含量和抗氧化活性的不同,主要是由于遗传背景所致;且总酚和黄酮含量高,体外抗氧化能力强的材料多为染色体数目大于80者。     

黄色洋葱皮不同溶剂多酚提取物的总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性

以黄色洋葱皮为原料,分别利用70%甲醇、70%乙醇和70%丙酮作为提取溶剂进行多酚类物质提取。测定提取物中的总酚含量、总黄酮含量并研究其抗氧化活性(DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力以及铁还原能力)。研究结果显示:利用甲醇作为提取剂所得的多酚类物质提取率最高(12.35%),并且提取物中总酚和总黄酮含量最高,分别为83.17、34.31 mg/g。同时,甲醇提取物对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的半抑制浓度IC₅₀分别为0.059和0.031 mg/mL,低于抗坏血酸而高于乙醇提取物和丙酮提取物。     

基于UPLC-Q TOF-MS和HPLC-QQQ-MS技术的赤豆酚类化合物定性、定量分析及其抗氧化能力分析

为深入了解赤豆的营养价值,用80%甲醇溶液提取酚类物质,对提取物中不同存在形态的酚类化合物含量及其抗氧化活性进行测定,并对其80%甲醇提取物中酚类物质进行定性、定量分析。结果表明,赤豆80%甲醇提取物中酚酸含量为3.44 mg/g,黄酮含量为2.50 mg/g,其中3 种存在形式酚类萃取物含量及抗氧化能力不同,糖苷键合态酚酸含量最高,可达1.44 mg/g,游离态黄酮含量最高,可达0.85 mg/g;糖苷键合态亚铁离子还原能力最强,可达15.76 mmol/g,酯键合态1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、2,2′-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基清除能力最强;80%甲醇提取物通过超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱仪定性分析,初步鉴定出25 种化合物,包括3 种有机酸、6 种酚酸、16 种黄酮;高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱联用仪定量分析可得,芦丁（327.40 μg/g）、儿茶素类（210.70 μg/g）含量丰富。     

Optimization of the Process Parameters to Establish the Quality Attributes of DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity,Total Phenolic Content,and Total Flavonoid Content of Apple (Malus domestica) Honey Using Response Surface Methodology

The response surface methodology was used to study the combined effect of temperature (60 to 80°C), time (10 to 15 min), and pH (3 to 6) on the antioxidant activity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content) of apple honey. Statistical analysis revealed that all the responses were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by independent process variables. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content increased with the increase in time and temperature due to the formation of browning pigments. The antioxidant properties of apple honey significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with increase in pH from 3 to 6. The thermal treatment of apple honey at 80°C was found to be more effective than at 70 and 60°C. The average increase in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of raw apple honey due to combined effect of three process variables was 9.6% ± 1.9, 13.7 ± 2.5 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g and 49.3 ± 3.3 mg quercetin/100 g, respectively. The results showed that the most desirable optimum conditions for temperature, time and pH for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (92.39%), total phenolic content (133.55 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g of honey), and total flavonoid content (25.82 mg quercetin/100 g of honey) were 80°C, 15 min and 3.01, respectively. The results demonstrated that thermal treatment significantly increased the antioxidant activity of apple honey.     

滁菊的功能成分及其体外抗氧化活性

为明确滁菊中抗氧化活性物质的含量及其抗氧化能力,对其进行进一步的开发利用,对滁菊（Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat）酚类、多糖、类胡萝卜素提取物抗氧化能力及含量进行研究。结果表明：滁菊总酚和黄酮含量较高,分别为53.67 mg/g和70.32 mg/g,高于大洋菊等菊花;多糖和类胡萝卜素含量较低。3 种提取物中,酚类抗氧化能力最强,对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）和2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)（2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS）阳离子自由基的清除能力分别为208.79 mmol/g和160.23 mmol/g,对Fe3＋的还原能力达到238.35 mmol/g,高于杭白菊等菊花。采用高效液相色谱法测定了滁菊酚类及类胡萝卜素单体组成,初步鉴定出滁菊含有绿原酸、儿茶素、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、金丝桃苷、槲皮素6 种单体酚,以及叶黄素和β-类胡萝卜素2 种类胡萝卜素单体。酚类物质中绿原酸含量最高,达到813.21 mg/g;金丝桃苷次之,达到408.17 mg/g;类胡萝卜素中叶黄素含量最高,为78.6 mg/g。在不考虑协同作用情况下,酚类物质中绿原酸对Fe3＋还原能力、DPPH及ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力的贡献均最大,类胡萝卜素中叶黄素对DPPH自由基的清除能力贡献最大。     

贵州蓝莓蜜的成分分析及其抗氧化活性

以贵州蓝莓蜜为研究对象,对其理化指标、抗氧化活性、多酚成分进行研究。结果显示,贵州蓝莓蜜酸度值44.69 mmol/kg,总糖含量79.30%,葡萄糖含量(40.88%)高于果糖含量(38.41%);总酚酸和总黄酮含量分别为20.27～24.72 mg GAE/100 g和3.88～6.77mg RE/100 g,DPPH和ABTS自由基半抑制率分别为119.04～136.56 mg/mL和140.56～212.34 mg/mL;蓝莓蜜含15种多酚类物质(原儿茶酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、咖啡酸、对香豆酸、芦丁、阿魏酸、杨梅酮、木犀草素、桑色素、槲皮素、芹菜素、山奈酚、异鼠李素、高良姜素),其中,黄酮类物质含量最高为槲皮素,酚酸含量由高到低为:对羟基苯甲酸对香豆酸阿魏酸咖啡酸香草酸原儿茶酸。研究表明,蓝莓蜜酸度偏高、易结晶,结合槲皮素含量高的特点与酚酸含量高低规律,可作为蓝莓蜜鉴定与检测的参考指标。     

In vitro synergistic antioxidant activity of honey-<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mentha spicata</Emphasis> combination

The beneficial health effects including antioxidant properties of mint (Mentha spicata) and honey have been extensively studied. However, there is no data about the effect of their associated use. In this study the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of individual extracts of mint and honey and their combination were determined. The antioxidant activity was investigated by using reducing power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2´-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS), and chelating power methods. The results showed that individual extracts contained important quantity of phenolics and flavonoids and their combination was found to produce best antioxidant activity. A positive correlation between the phenolic/flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity, especially with free radical scavenging ability and chelating power, was observed. These findings suggest that combined mixture of honey and mint could be used as promising additive foods.