直通管式太阳能真空管热损失系数分析

基于对直通管式太阳能真空管的太阳辐射特性及管内吸热翅片的传热分析,建立了稳态传热条件下直通管式太阳能真空管吸热翅片面及金属管内工作流体的温度分布模型,提出了吸热面平均温度及热损失系数的新算法。在此基础上,研究了工作流体入口温度、质量流量、环境温度、太阳辐射强度、真空玻璃管外径和管内对流换热系数对太阳能真空管热损失系数的影响规律。     

非均匀热流下球形腔式吸热器热性能的数值研究

建立了球形腔式吸热器三维模型;以基于蒙特卡罗光线追迹法(MCRT)进行光学模拟得到的能流分布,作为吸热管壁的热边界条件;通过数值模拟研究球形吸热器的耦合传热问题;探讨吸热流体入口参数对热性能的影响。研究表明:吸热管壁的辐射能流密度分布不均匀;在相同条件下,下入口吸热器的热性能优于上入口吸热器;在吸热流体的入口速度为0.2~0.4 m/s,提高流速可明显增大吸热器热效率,入口速度大于0.6 m/s时,热效率的增大速率变得平缓;随入口温度升高,热效率几乎呈线性下降。基于非均匀热流边界条件下的吸热器三维数值模拟结果更符合实际情况,为吸热器的优化设计与推广应用提供依据和参考。     

能流分布对超临界CO_2腔式太阳能吸热器热-力特性的影响

应用ANSYS建立以超临界CO_2为循环工质的螺旋管腔式太阳能吸热器的热-力耦合模型,得到不同能流分布形式下的温度场和应力场。依据Mendelson-Roberts-Manson方法,研究不同能流分布对吸热管预期使用寿命的影响。研究表明,能流分布形式对吸热器温度和应力分布及其使用寿命影响显著。在保持系统吸收总能量不变的情况下,吸热器表面局部能流越大,其局部温度越高,局部蠕变损伤加剧,影响系统使用寿命;局部能流梯度越大,其热应力越大,加剧局部蠕变破坏,影响其使用寿命。     

高温太阳能吸热管在非均匀热流下的温度研究及结构优化

对腔式管状集热器在非均匀受热条件下进行温度场和热应力场的模拟.研究发现周向温差的不同造成吸热管的热变形分布不同,且吸热管后半段热变形最大;同时,太阳能辐射量随时间变化导致热流密度和吸热管壁面上的周向温差都在发生变化.鉴于此,分别从腔式集热器吸热管的结构、工作介质物性等方面入手以解决非均匀热流带来的形变问题.通过改变吸热...     

球形腔式太阳能吸热器性能的数值研究

利用蒙特卡洛光线追踪法分析了6种不同开口比(D/d)的球形腔式吸热器的光学性能,并以光学模拟所得壁面能流作为热分析的边界条件导入CFD软件中,运用CFD软件对6种不同开口比的球形腔式吸热器进行流固耦合传热计算,获得了球形腔式吸热器和内部流体的温度场分布。通过计算球形腔式吸热器的反射光损失、对流热损失和热辐射损失,得到聚光器/球形腔式吸热器系统的光热转化效率为81.9%～84.4%,球形腔式吸热器的最佳开口比1相似文献   

管式空气吸热器规格设计及其换热能力计算

设计了塔式太阳能热发电用2520钢管式空气吸热器。依据材料属性对吸热器进行材料选型设计;依据材料许用应力设计研究计算管式吸热器壁厚;依据流体传热学研究设计空气吸热器的管径规格。结果表明,壁厚为2mm可满足设计需要;空气吸热器管径越细小,壁厚温度越低,换热能力越强;管径较理想设计尺寸为6~10mm。     

太阳电池生产用管式扩散炉的数值模拟————匀流板对流场的影响

以晶硅电池生产用管式扩散炉的内部流体状况为研究对象,用计算流体力学方法对管式扩散炉进行数学建模及流体力学数值模拟计算;对扩散炉内放置与未放置匀流板的流场状况进行对比研究;分析匀流板对扩散炉内部温度场、速度场、密度梯度场的影响及成因;认为装有匀流板的扩散炉内流体的速度场可给予硅片更为充足的磷源;发现匀流板附近存在着复杂的涡流区,认为该涡流区是决定扩散炉内温度场分布均匀程度的根本原因与关键因素。     

基于双向流固耦合的汽油机排气歧管热应力分析

联合AVL-Fire与ABAQUS软件,对一台汽油机排气歧管进行温度场、热应力分析.首先利用AVL-Fire对排气歧管做内外流场CFD分析,得到排气歧管内外表面的热边界条件,即流体温度及换热系数;然后把热边界条件映射到有限元面单元,并通过有限元技术与排气歧管实体单元相耦合,通过ABAQUS算出排气歧管温度场,并把壁面温度场返回作为下一轮CFD计算的边界条件,再重复前一轮计算.如此反复,直至符合精度要求,最后计算热应力.     

4×4阵列管式固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）堆温度场和流场初步分析

通过对实验中管式SOFC堆的数学建模仿真方法,研究实验中的百瓦级4×4管式电池堆内部的流体流动、传热和组分浓度等特性,分析电池参数对电池内部气体流速、温度和浓度分压分布。计算结果和实验测试发现：流场和压力场基本均匀,温度场变化在±34．7K,而阵列电池管开路电压测试值在1．0～1．15vg间,基本满足电堆工作要求。     

塔式太阳能热发电吸热器技术进展

文中介绍了现有塔式太阳能热发电吸热器技术,针对不同吸热器结构和传热介质,结合国内外现有主要塔式太阳能热发电站,对吸热器性能进行比较研究。结果表明,外露管式吸热器结构简单、造价低,应用广泛;而熔盐作为传热和蓄热介质具有较好的性能,系统无压运行且能承受高热流密度,是将来的研究方向。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

生物质催化热裂解技术的研究进展

生物质催化裂解是生物质热化学转化的一种重要途径。综述了生物质催化热裂解技术使用的反应器、催化剂类型,以及催化热裂解过程中热裂解温度、吹扫气、升温速率、生物质原料等条件的影响,展望了生物质催化热裂解技术的发展趋势。