用竹材作衬材的PVC—U塑料窗

介绍了一种用于建筑的PVC-U塑竹窗，其创新点是不用钢材而用竹材作PVC型材的衬材，这可使塑料窗原料成本降低17．00元／m^2，窗重降低3．12kg／m^2，不用钢材从而节煤（标准煤）10．37kg／m^2。不用煤从而减排C0238．02kg／m^2。     

歙县玉米“3414”肥料效应田间试验

通过“3414”回归最优设计原理设置了玉米肥效试验,并采用统计学方法对试验结果进行分析。通过氮磷钾肥料效应回归分析及肥料效应函数法,得出氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量,其中N18．01kg／667m^2,P2O53．0kg／667m^2,K205．63kg／667m^2,最佳产量520．0kg／667m^2。综合肥料拟合方程及3种施肥方法的推荐施肥量,结合当地农业生产实际,玉米要达到514．5kg／667m^2左右产量水平,建议氮、磷、钾推荐施肥量分别为13．80kg／667m^2、3．0kg／667m^2、4．80kg,／667m^2。     

PVC聚合配方的优化

概述了45m^3聚合釜的主要技术参数,通过试验优化了聚合配方：增加氯乙烯1．3t、消泡剂2．5kg,减少水1t、分散剂1．4kg,由引发剂1改用引发剂2,提高了PVC产量,获得直接经济效益3316．5万元／a。     

原位悬浮聚合PVC/纳米CaCO3的制备及其性能

利用原位悬浮聚合法制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)／纳米CaCO3复合树脂,并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明。与PVC相比,PVC／纳米CaCO3复合树脂的热稳定性、增塑剂吸收量及表观密度等有所提高;冲击强度Eh4．9kJ／m^2增加到13．0kJ／m^2：拉伸强度由58．2MPa增加到59．5MPa;断裂伸长率由57．8％增加到75．6％,达到了增韧增强的效果。     

电石法PVC/ABS合金的结构与性能

采用锥形双螺杆挤出机制备了电石法聚氯乙烯（PVC）／丙烯腈－丁二烯－苯乙烯三元共聚物（ABS）合金。通过转矩流变仪、扫描电子显微镜研究了ABS含量对PVC／ABS合金流变行为、结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明：ABS能够促进PVC／ABS共混物的塑化,使共混物的平衡扭矩略有增加;ABS以颗粒状分散在PVC中,呈现典型的“海－岛”结构,分散相粒径较小,随着ABS含量增加,ABS相区平均尺寸略有增加;PVC／ABS合金的韧性大幅提高,当ABS用量为13phr时,合金的缺口冲击强度从纯PVC的5．06kJ／m^2增至93．19kJ／m^2。     

30 m3聚合釜密闭进出料装置的设计及其运行总结

介绍了杭州电化集团有限公司30m^3聚合釜密闭进出料装置的设计、运行情况,改为密闭进出料工艺后,保证了PVC树脂的质量,改善了环境,降低了消耗。生产1t PVC树脂可降低电石消耗10kg,增加经济效益约87万元／a。     

CaCO3／PVC纳米复合材料的研究

研究了经过表面改性的纳米CaCO3添加量对PVC／米CaCO3复合材料聚合工艺和力学性能的影响。结果表明,纳米CaCO3经过处理后,表面包覆了一薄层的有机物。纳米CaCO3在3％-7％的添加范围内,可以缩短聚合反应时间。纳米PVC与普通PVC比较,冲击强度可提高到9．38kJ／m^2,断裂伸长率在拉伸强度略有降低的前提下增大到60．2％。纳米CaCO3的添加量为7％时,可以得到综合性能较好的纳米CaCO3／PVC复合树脂。     

四、生活橡胶制品和胶乳制品

可减少轮胎噪音的柔性聚氨酯海绵 PCT Int．Appl．WO 2007 58 311（C1．B60C5／00） 本海绵胶可置于轮胎和轮辋之间隙之中，其密度7～40kg／m^2，撕裂强度（TS）每单位密度（kg／m^3）为≥0．30N／cm。将海绵胶固定在环形带状零件上，可起到降低噪音的作用。     

氯乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物／纳米CaCO3复合母粒改性PVC力学性能的研究

通过对纳米碳酸钙（n—CaCO3）表面改性及其对聚氯乙烯（PVC）、氯乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物（VC／EA）、n-CaCO3三元复合体系加工工艺的考察，研制了（VC／EA）／n—CaCO3复合母粒改性的PVC材料，并对其力学性能进行了研究。结果表明，利用将VC／EA共聚物与n—CaCO3先制成复合母粒，再与PVC进行共混的二次分散成型工艺，有利于n-CaCO3在基体中的分散；当复合母粒中VC／EA与n—CaCO3的比例为2：3时，材料的力学性能最佳，n-CaCO3对材料具有补强作用，并且n—CaCO3和VC／EA能协同增韧PVC，使材料的冲击强度得到大幅度提高，当PVC和复合母粒比例为100：20（质量比）时，材料的冲击强度达到41．5kJ／m^2，是纯PVC（PVC的冲击强度为4．914／m^2）的8．5倍，拉伸强度仍高达50．8MPa。     

马来酸酐接枝天然橡胶在废报纸粉填充聚氯乙烯材料中的应用

研究了马来酸酐接枝天然橡胶（MNR）作为改性剂，对废报纸粉（PF）填充聚氯乙烯（PVC）复合材料的力学性能和热学性能的影响。研究结果表明，MNR可以较好地改善PF与PVC基体的相容性，显著提高材料的冲击强度。当PF用量（质量份）为5份、MNR为4份时PF／PVC复合材料的综合性能最好，其拉伸强度为48．8MPa，缺口冲击强度达10．1kJ／m^2，后者比改性前提高了87％。热重分析表明：PF／MNR／PVC复合材料的耐热性比纯PVC树脂有所提高。而PF／PVC复合材料的维卡软化温度随着PF填充量的增加而提高，但随着MNR的增加而略有降低。冲击断面扫描电镜分析证实MNR改善了报纸粉与基体树脂的相容性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。