桐油改性的研究进展及应用前景

综述了桐油改性的应用新进展，介绍了近几年来桐油改性的研究成果，展望了桐油改性的开发及应用前景。     

桐油及其衍生物的改性在高分子材料中的应用进展

综述了4种桐油改性方法并且介绍了桐油及其改性衍生物在高分子材料应用中的主要进展.讨论了桐油的Diels-Alder反应、Friedel-Crafts反应、氧化聚合和烯烃自由基聚合改性反应及聚合机理,在此基础上,对桐油的改性方法及其在高分子材料中的应用前景进行了展望.     

桐油改性酚醛树脂的制备及其性能

利用桐油改性酚醛树脂(PF),综合热分析表明改性PF在100～320℃间失重6.30%,320～600℃间失重62.42%,普通PF分别失重16.34%和74.31%,桐油改性PF热稳定性得到了很大提高,但耐热性能未有明显改善。FIIR分析表明桐油成为聚合物结构的一部分;力学测试结果表明桐油改性较大程度改善了PF的韧性。     

桐油改性树脂的研究进展

综述了桐油及其衍生物对酚醛树脂、不饱和聚酯、环氧树脂、氨基聚酯、醇酸树脂、环氧树脂固化剂、其它树脂的改性反应,并对桐油改性树脂的研发和应用前景进行了展望。     

硅树脂改性桐油醇酸树脂水性绝缘漆的研究

以桐油、顺丁烯二酸酐、三羟甲基丙烷为原料,制备桐油醇酸树脂;以正硅酸酯、甲基三乙氧基硅烷为原料,制备硅树脂;利用硅树脂对桐油改性醇酸树脂进行改性,制备出自交联型硅树脂改性桐油醇酸树脂水性绝缘漆。采用FT-IR、DSC和TG等对绝缘漆进行结构表征和性能测试。研究结果表明:随硅树脂含量增大,漆膜的电气强度、耐水性、硬度、玻璃化转变温度提高,而贮存稳定性降低。通过改变硅树脂的含量,可以实现对绝缘漆综合性能的调控,满足实际应用需要。     

稀土在蓖麻油酚醛清漆中的应用

一前言为了解决桐油等干性油短缺的问题,我们拟用改性的脱水蓖麻油代替桐油生产清漆。试验证明,蓖麻油经脱水、脱色,在稀土催化下与顺丁烯二酸酐进行部分加成改性,可以全部代替桐油生产酚醛清漆,各项指标均达到或超过部颁标准,并且每吨产品价格比用桐油低200～300元(实验室估算)。此项目现已通过内蒙经委和化工局组织的鉴定,正在进行扩大应用。     

桐油改性酚醛树脂及其在刹车片中的应用研究

将苯酚和桐油在酸性条件下反应,然后在碱性条件下与甲醛反应制得桐油改性酚醛树脂。利用红外光谱、差示扫描量热法对桐油改性酚醛树脂的结构和固化过程进行研究,并测试其剪切强度、冲击强度和硬度等力学性能。结果表明,桐油改性酚醛树脂的剪切强度、冲击强度较未改性树脂大,硬度适中。将桐油改性酚醛树脂制成刹车片,测试其摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,刹车片的摩擦系数大、摩擦性能稳定、磨损率低。     

丙烯酸酯改性桐油基乳化剂的合成、表征及光固化性能

桐油和马来酸酐经Diels-Alder反应形成桐油二酸酐(TM2)、桐油三酸酐(TM3),桐油三酸酐与不同比例的甲基丙烯酸β羟乙酯(HEMA)反应,将桐油三酸酐及其与HEMA反应物中的酸酐官能团水解,合成出含3~6个羧基官能团丙烯酸酯改性的桐油衍生物。产物结构经红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征。测定了桐油基衍生物钠盐的表面张力及CMC值,考察了改性桐油基乳化剂对丙烯酸酯类单体及低聚物的乳化性能。结果表明,随着桐油基衍生物中的羧酸钠基团的增加,衍生物的亲水性增强,CMC值呈上升趋势,乳化性能增强。丙烯酸酯改性桐油基衍生物及其复配物可以光固化,可以通过调节光固化体系的组分得到耐水性很好的光固化膜。     

植物油改性酚醛树脂的工业应用

介绍了利用天然植物油改性酚醛树脂的研究现状,重点讨论了腰果壳油、亚麻油、桐油、梓油改性酚醛树脂的情况,并对植物油改酚醛树脂的应用前景进行了展望.     

高强度酚醛层压布板的制备与性能研究

制备了高强度酚醛层压布板,并研究了其性能。讨论了桐油改性酚醛树脂和针状硅灰石粉对酚醛层压布板冲击强度和弯曲强度的影响,并对桐油改性酚醛树脂进行了耐热性能分析。研究结果表明,将甲阶酚醛树脂和桐油改性酚醛树脂共混,随着共混树脂中桐油改性酚醛树脂比例的增加,以此为基体树脂制得的酚醛层压布板的冲击强度在横、纵两个方向上均有大幅度提高。与未添加针状硅灰石粉相比,添加针状硅灰石粉酚醛层压布板的冲击和弯曲强度均有提高,横、纵向冲击强度分别提高23.3%,9.1%,弯曲强度分别提高0.4%,5.4%。针状硅灰石粉经偶联活化改性后,与未偶联活化改性针状硅灰石粉相比,添加改性针状硅灰石粉酚醛层压布板的冲击和弯曲强度进一步得到提高,横、纵向冲击强度分别提高3.9%,15.0%,弯曲强度分别提高4.1%,4.0%。350℃之前,桐油改性酚醛树脂能保持比较好的热稳定性;在大于350℃的高温区,桐油改性酚醛树脂较甲阶酚醛树脂的热稳定性下降明显。     

硼酸-桐油双改性酚醛树脂的表征及反应机理研究

文章利用实验及IR图谱分析的方法,对硼酸-桐油双改性酚醛树脂的结构进行了表征,并对其反应机理进行了分析。结果表明,改性后树脂分子中生成高键能的B-O键及含硼的三向交联结构,可使树脂达到耐热性提高的目的;引入了桐油柔性链,桐油分子中部分双键打开,连接于苯环的邻位或对位处,从而使得刚性的硼酚醛树脂分子链段中嵌有柔性的烷基长链,形成网状结构,起到内增韧作用,使树脂的柔韧性得到改善。     

Studies in the expression of oil from tung fruit

Summary 1. Tests indicated that best results in yield of crude and filtered oil by an expression procedure are obtained with a tung meal containing 4.2% moisture and 20% shell. 2. The drying of tung meal using an initial air temperature of 320° F. appeared to adversely affect the yield of filtered oil from the expeller process. 3. A filtration test was developed for determining the amount of foots in a crude tung oil. 4. It was found difficult to obtain efficient oil expression from tung meals containing filter cake; in one test with this material the resulting press cake was high in oil content, while in another test the crude tung oil contained about twice as much foots material as was present in crude tung oil from tung meal containing no filter cake. 5. The expression of tung oil from a tung meal consisting of ground old tung kernels and tung shell was found difficult if not impossible. This difficulty appeared to be due, at least partly, to the fact that the meal from old kernels will not plasticize when subjected to heat and pressure. When these kernels were mixed with new kernels no difficulty was experienced in expressing the tung oil from the meal. 6. Tests indicated that hulling the moist tung fruit in the grove does not interfere with the expression of the oil if the moist dehulled tung fruits are properly dried before pressing. 7. A process was developed for producing a clear tung oil by treating the crude oil with a chemical agent to precipitate certain non-oil constituents in the crude tung oil followed by either pressure filtration or centrifugation. 8. When tung oil filter cake was mixed with an equal amount of tung press cake, over 98 percent of the oil could be solvent-extracted by petroleum solvents. Presented at the American Oil Chemists’ Society meeting, New Orleans, La., May 10–12, 1944. Some of the material was presented at the American Tung Oil Association meeting. Pensacola, Fla., April 28–29, 1944, and published in the proceedings. Agricultural Chemical Research Division Contribution No. 145.     

Strukturuntersuchungen an PF/cellulosepapier-verbunden mittels dynamisch-mechanischer analyse

This paper tries to connect the structure of tung oil and tricresyl phosphate modified phenolic paper-base laminates used for printed circuit boards in a large scale, with properties of these laminates by means of dynamic-mechanical analysis and dielectric measurements. The internal plasticization of tung oil is discussed. The modification of phenolic resin with tung oil causes in addition to flexibilisation, that a higher conversion of functional groups during the resit formation is attained by removal of steric hindrances, in this way the degree of cross-linkage is increased in comparison to the unmodified laminate. The measurements show that tricresyl phosphate is an external plasticizer which reduces the intermolecular interactions.     

Tung oil research and development at the southern regional laboratory

This paper reviews utilization research on tung oil conducted at the Southern Regional Research Laboratory in New Orleans. The tung oil program began with the inception of the Laboratory in 1940. Utilization research on tung oil has been concerned with exploratory chemical reactions to develop new or improved industrial products and with the development of improved paint formulations. The emphasis of the domestic and foreign extra-mural program supervised by this Laboratory has been aimed at the practical applications of tung oil in plastics and the effects of heat on tung oil. Accomplishments over the past few years in these areas are described, and some projection for future research needs are proposed. Presented at AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, May 1967. So. Utiliz. Res. Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.     

酚醛树脂的复合改性研究进展

综述了酚醛树脂增韧和耐热复合改性的研究进展,分析了各种方法的改性机理及研究现状。包括用橡胶、CNSL、桐油、新型固化剂改性酚醛树脂的韧性,用钼、硼、无机纳米材料、聚酸亚胺改性酚醛树脂的耐热性。并对酚醛树脂复合改性方法的发展前景作出了分析。     

酚醛树脂的耐热改性研究进展

对酚醛树脂的耐热改性研究进行了综述。研究表明,改性后酚醛树脂的耐热性得到了显著的改善。改性的方法包括:硼酸改性、钼改性、双马来酰亚胺改性、聚砜改性、苯并口恶嗪化合物改性、酚三嗪树脂改性、腰果壳油改性及桐油改性。     

桐油的超临界二氧化碳萃取及溶解度研究

采用超临界二氧化碳(SC-CO_2)萃取技术对从桐籽中提取桐油的工艺进行了研究,考察了物料粒径、萃取温度、萃取压力等对桐油提取率的影响并得到适宜的操作条件.结果表明.优化条件下桐油提取率达到55.16%,桐油回收率达到91%.还利用SC-CO_2萃取桐油的实验数据求得了桐油在SC-CO_2中的溶解度,并用Chrastil方程对溶解度数据进行关联.在30～50℃和25～55 MPa条件下,桐油在SC-CO_2中的溶解度为0.004～0.026 g/L.Chrastil方程关联的平均相对误差为8.41%.     

酚醛树脂高性能化改性研究进展

介绍了酚醛树脂增韧、耐热改性研究及改性后的高性能酚醛树脂作为摩擦材料的应用。增韧改性方法包括 :橡胶改性 ,腰果壳油改性 ,热塑性树脂改性 ,桐油改性 ,新型固化剂改性 ,马来酰亚胺改性及腰果壳油 /双马来酰亚胺复合改性 ;而耐热改性方法包括 :胺类改性 ,硼酸改性 ,芳烃改性 ,钼改性 ,聚酰亚胺改性 ,磷改性 ,苯并嗪化合物改性及氰酸酯化改性     

Polymerization of tung oil by reaction of phenols with tung oil

Investigation was made on the mechanism of polymerization in reactions of tung oil and phenols in the presence of an acid catalyst. It was made by means of comparative HLC and NMR analyses of the products of tung oil self-polymerization, other varied vegetable oil-various phenol reactions, and tung oil-various-in-functionality phenol reactions under given conditions. As a result, it was confirmed that polymerization in reactions of tung oil and phenols is attributed not to tung oil self-polymerization but to di- or trialkylation, with tung oil, of phenols, which can serve as crosslinking agents of tung oil.