Radioactive fallout in Vilnus during 1962 and 1964

Data are presented concerning the content of Ce¹⁴¹, Ce¹⁴⁴, Cs¹³⁷ and Sr⁹⁰ in radioactive fallout in Vilnus during 1962–1965. Problems of secondary fractionation of these fission products in radioactive fallout are discussed, and also their accumulation in soil. In addition, an attempt is made to establish a correlation between the magnitude of the fallout and certain meteorological factors.Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol.22, No.4, pp.302–305, April, 1967.     

Radioactive contamination of the semipalatinsk testing area

Central Institute of Physics and Technology, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 58–60, January, 1995.     

Pb210 in the atmosphere and in fallout

Data are given for the intensity of Pb²¹⁰ fallout in the Moscow area during 1961–1963. The intensity of Pb²¹⁰ fallout ordinarily increases with increasing amounts of precipitation. The average Pb²¹⁰ concentration in fallout is not related to the amount of precipitation, and rises sharply only in dry periods. The intensity of Pb²¹⁰ fallout is practically constant in the spring, summer, and fall, and decreases in the winter onty by a factor of 2–2.5. The average concentration of Pb²¹⁰ in fallout is practically independent of season. The mean annual intensity of Pb²¹⁰ fallout in the Moscow area is 2.8 nCi/m². The Pb²¹⁰ concentration in the surface layer of the atmosphere above the Pacific and Indian Oceans varies within wide limits ((0.1–1.60)·10^–3 nCi/m³), and, apparently is chiefly determined by meteorological factors. The Pb²¹⁰ content in the troposphere above the oceans is probabIy only slightly less than the content in the troposphere above dry land. The variations in Pb²¹⁰ concentration in the surface layer of the atmosphere above land and ocean can evidently be used for sttidying the meteorological factors responsible for the transport of radioactive isotopes within the troposphere and for their deposition on the surface of the earth.Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 503–506, May, 1965     

Radioactive tungsten in the atmosphere

As a result of thermonuclear tests carried out by the United States in 1958, radioactive tungsten isotopes W¹⁸¹ and W¹⁸⁵ appeared in the atmosphere. Determination of the W¹⁸¹ and W¹⁸⁵ concentrations by means of a -spectrometer and -counter, respectively, made it easily possible to determine the date of formation of these products. The geographic distribution of the radioactive tungsten concentrations is basically the same as that of fission fragment products but the residence time of tungsten in the stratosphere was found to be much shorter than that of fission fragment products. This may be due to the size and weight of the aerosols from which tungsten was deposited. The total activity of the radioactive tungsten ejected into the stratosphere was estimated at 900 MCi.Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 572–575, December, 1962     

10Be annual fallout in rains in India

The ¹⁰Be concentrations of annual rainfall collections during 1979–1981, at eight stations in India, ranged from 0.43 × 10⁷ to 8.48 × 10⁷ atoms/l and the corresponding ¹⁰Be fallouts are in the range of 0.31 × 10 ⁶ to 2.73 × 10⁶ atoms cm^?2 a^?1. The estimated ¹⁰Be global fallout based on the presently available data is 1.55 × 10⁷ atoms^?2 a^?1 or 5 × 10^?2 atoms cm^?2 s^?1. Most of the measured rates of fallout and deep sea deposition of ¹⁰Be are a factor of 2–3 lower than the present estimate.     

从一起放射源失控事故看流动放射源安全监管

本文从一起流动放射源失控事故探讨流动放射源在监管过程中存在的问题，并提出相应的应对措施。     

Radioactive Waste Transport in the Russian Federation

Abstract

According to the national radwaste management programme, low and intermediate level wastes originating from nuclear power plant (NPP) operation, from the nuclear fuel cycle and from the application of radioisotopes in medicine, industry and research are centrally collected and transported for disposal at 16 special repositories. Packagings and conveyances for these purposes are discussed. A concept of regional repositories and transport of wastes from NPPs and the Navy is also considered together with transport packagings and transport methods.     

Radioactive contamination of the atmosphere

This article is a review of foreign works on the study of radioactive contamination of the atmosphere due primarily to diffusion of fission fragments from atomic tests. Several properties of fission fragment activity, namely its decay rate and the composition of its radiation, are considered, and methods are described for monitoring the fallout from the atmosphere and calculating the resulting radiation dose. The dose is almost everywhere much less than the permissible limit. At several places, however, fallout densities and activity concentrations are observed which are close to the allowable limit. A method for constructing the trajectories of air masses is briefly described, and it is shown that radioactive clouds migrate over the whole world, producing a radioactive layer in the atmosphere at an altitude of 8–12 km consisting primarily of the long-lived nuclides Sr⁹⁰, Ce¹⁴⁴, and Pu²³⁹. Of the fission fragments contaminating the earth's surface the most dangerous is Sr⁹⁰ which has the property that it accumulates in the organisms of domesticated animals and thus enters the human organism. The radiation level at points fat from the test areas is at present far below the allowable limit in the sense of the possible occurrence of somatic diseases, although even at the present radiation level, effects on posterity cannot be excluded.     

高放废物地质处置新疆雅满苏预选地段三维地质建模研究

利用三维地质建模软件Micromine和深探地学建模软件建立了雅满苏预选地段的三维可视化地质模型,直观地反映了该预选地段岩体、断裂的空间展布和相互关系等深部地质环境信息。基于所建立模型开展了三维剖切分析、对模型任意切割和开挖等一系列实用的可视化分析,为后续处置库预选地段的适宜性评价提供资料和技术支持。