航天计量与绕月探测工程

2007年10月24日，长征三号甲火箭成功地将嫦娥一号卫星准确送入近地点200公里、远地点51000公里的地球大椭圆轨道。经过多次变轨和修正后．嫦娥一号卫星于11月5日成功实现两次近月制动，进入绕月轨道，成为我国的第一颗月球卫星．成功实现了“准时发射、准确入轨、精确测控、成功实现近月制动、进入环月轨道”的预期目标。     

深空探测与我国深空探测展望

对人类已经开展的深空探测活动进行了回顾，简介了近期已开展和未来5年内将要开展的深空探测任务，以及未来主要航天国家的深空探测规划，提出了未来我国开展深空探测应掌握和突破的关键技术；介绍了我国深空探测的现状，对绕月探测工程和嫦娥1号进行了简介，重点介绍了探月工程二、三期的思路和二期工程的立项论证情况和初步总体方案，同时简要叙述了正在论证中的中俄联合火星探测、夸父计划、硬X射线天文望远镜和空间太阳望远镜等项目的概况；给出了对我国未来深空探测发展方向的思考和展望。［关键词］ 深空探测；行星际探测；多目标多任务；中国探月工程     

天基发射与载人登月初探

登月是载人航天向深空探测的延续，它与载人飞船工程相比，可靠性要求更高，工程规模更大，资金投入更多。结合国外登月历程和我国航天事业取得的重大成就，探讨了利用现有运载技术，分批次将登月飞船和航天员送入近地轨道，并在天基发射平台上进行组装发射，实现载人登月的设想；并就天基发射平台和天基发射方式进行了初步探讨。     

《中国工程科学》2006年第8卷第10期要目预告

深空探测与我国深空探测展望…………叶培建等中国的探月工程———中国航天的第三个里程碑……………栾恩杰风云气象卫星的地面应用系统…………许建民等我国天地一体化航天互联网构想…………沈荣骏中国通信及导航卫星技术与应用的发展…………………………………………范本尧航天测控系统的现状与发展………………于志坚中国空间对地观测技术发展现状及未来发展的思考…………………………………姜景山中国进入空间能力的发展与展望………王小军等资源卫星及我国的对地观测体系…………郭建宁天基发射与载人登月初探………………张泽明等…     

中国新一代运载火箭发展展望

长征系列运载火箭是中国独立自主研制的具有完全自主知识产权的高科技产品。长征火箭目前已形成了包括14种型号的火箭家族,可用于发射近地轨道、太阳同步轨道和地球同步转移轨道的多种卫星及载人飞船,也可以进行深空发射任务;火箭总体技术性能达到国际先进水平,并在国际商业卫星发射服务市场中占有一席之地。为满足未来航天技术发展的需求,将加快研制新一代无毒、无污染、高性能、低成本的运载火箭,增强进入空间的能力,同时促进国民经济建设,提高我国的综合国力。     

嫦娥三号探测器成功发射升空

12月2日1时30分,我国在西昌卫星发射中心用长征三号乙运载火箭,成功将嫦娥三号探测器发射升空。据悉,嫦娥三号将首次实现月球软着陆和月面巡视勘察,为我国探月工程开启新的征程。火箭飞行19分钟后,器箭分离,嫦娥三号顺利进入近地点高度210公里、远地点高度约36.8万公里的地月转移轨道。嫦娥三号奔月飞行约需112小时,在此期间将视情况进行轨道修正。预计     

大国重器 精于计量——北京东方计量测试研究所计量服务国计民生侧记

<正>7月25日,北京星际荣耀空间科技有限公司成功发射"SQX-1Y1"运载火箭,创下我国民营商业航天运载火箭首次成功发射并高准确度入轨等纪录。北京东方计量测试研究所承担了火箭发射角瞄准任务,以确保火箭按预定轨道飞行,保证搭载航天器准确入轨。这是北京东方计量测试研究所第二次承担商业航天火箭发射角瞄准精测任务,也是该所在服务国家航天型号任务基础上,探索融入商业航天迈出的重要一步。     

2013中国十大科技进展新闻揭晓

正由中国科学院、中国工程院主办,中国科学院学部工作局、中国工程院办公厅、中国科学报社承办,中国科学院院士和中国工程院院士评选的瀚霖杯2013年中国十大科技进展新闻,2014年1月24日揭晓。1.嫦娥三号月面软着陆开展科学探测12月2日1时30分,我国在西昌卫星发射中心用长征三号乙运载火箭,成功将嫦娥三号探测器发射升空。14日21时11分,嫦娥三号在月球正面的虹湾以东地区实现软着陆。15日4时35分,嫦娥三号着陆器与巡视器分离,"玉兔号"巡视器顺利驶抵月球表面。15日23时45分,"两器"完成互拍成像。按照计划,嫦娥三号开展月表形貌与地质构造调查、月表物质成分和可利用资源调查、地球等离子体层探测和月基光学天文观测等科学探测任务。嫦娥三号任务的圆満成功,标志着我国探月工程"绕、落、回"第二步战略目标取得全面胜利。这是     

中国工程科学 2006年第8卷 总目次

贺钱学森院士95华诞作者期页创建知识系统工程学科………………王众托12 1综合集成方法的实践———“中国载人航天发展战略”研究方法总结…………………………………钱振业等12 10中国航天50年的回顾与展望中国航天发展的里程碑———《中国的航天》白皮书……郭宝柱10 1中国航天的发展战略和重点领域……孙来燕10 6深空探测与我国深空探测展望……叶培建等10 13我国天地一体化航天互联网构想……沈荣骏10 19中国的探月工程———中国航天第三个里程碑……………………………栾恩杰10 31天基发射与载人登月初探…………张泽明等10 37我国…     

深空探测样品钎焊密封技术研究现状

在探月工程的基础上继续开展深空探测是未来的发展趋势,后续的深空探测活动必然会有地外天体的采样与返回,其中样品密封技术为保证深空探测样品的原样返回提供了技术保障。本文针对我国深空探测样品钎焊密封的使用需求,调研了国外深空探测采样返回任务中钎焊密封技术的发展现状,主要介绍了双层钎焊密封容器和单层钎焊密封容器两种具体的密封容器形式,同时简要介绍了目前国内钎焊密封的技术现状。最后结合我国小行星、火星等任务的应用需要,提出了适合我国深空探测样品钎焊密封的工作建议。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to