基于桥梁结构的FBG传感器温度与应变交叉敏感问题的研究

对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器在桥梁结构健康监测中产生的温度与应变交叉敏感问题进行了研究。采用参考光纤光栅法在应变传感光纤光栅附近额外加入一个温度测量光纤光栅,对应变光栅实现温度补偿功能。设计了基于参考光纤光栅法的FBG传感器及FBG传感器封装的机械结构,并通过实验来验证FBG传感器的性能。实验数据表明,温度传感光纤光栅几乎不受应变的影响,应变传感光栅的中心波长变化与温度变化呈一阶线性关系,修正后的测量结果更加精确,达到了双参数同时测量的目的,应变与布拉格波长的线性关系非常好,相关系数达到0.99以上。参考光纤光栅法能够很好地解决FBG传感器温度与应变交叉敏感的问题。     

光纤Bragg光栅靶式流量传感器设计

基于工业流体流量测量技术、光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)传感检测技术与靶式流量计原理,针对单个光纤Bragg光栅传感系统对温度交叉敏感的问题,设计并且制作了一种基于双光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器。该传感器采用靶盘结构作为光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器的受力元件,对温度起到了补偿作用,并且有效地提高了应变测量灵敏度。实验表明,该流量传感器的线性误差为0.31%。     

Strain sensing characteristic of ultrasonic excitation-fiber Bragg gratings damage detection technique

There are good prospects for development of ultrasonic excitation-fiber Bragg gratings (UE-FBGs) damage detection techniques in the field of Nondestructive Testing (NDT). However, corresponding strain sensing theories are few and only applicable to the embedded fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) sensors in composite structures. First, a four-cylinder sensing model for both the embedded and glued FBG sensors is established by introducing a surface-bonded effect coefficient obtained from simulation analysis in this paper. According to the shear-lag theory, an improved strain sensing function is derived from this model by considering the contribution made by the elastic modulus of host material. Then, based on above function, the strain sensing characteristics are analyzed. Finally, the system with an ultrasonic transducer to excite FBG and a demodulation device employing a tunable laser to detect FBG wavelength shifts was established to validate the theoretical analysis. The experiment results showed that the ultrasonic strain sensing ability of the FBG sensor decreased with the increase of ultrasonic frequency and glued thickness.     

Bragg光纤传感技术应用研究

分析了光纤光栅传感器的工作原理,介绍了成栅技术及应用前景,提出了在应用光纤光栅传感技术时解决温度、应力交叉敏感等问题的新方法.研究结果对Bragg 光纤传感器在工程技术领域具有一定的应用价值.     

光纤光栅空分光复用传感系统的研究

介绍了一种光纤光栅空分复用传感系统,并将光纤光栅的传感特性应用于结构健康检测系统中。宽带光源发出的光波进入光栅阵列时,利用光开关选通不同光路实现FBG空分复用传感系统。系统采用等腰三角形悬臂梁调谐装置对FBG进行挠度加载,利用非平衡M-Z干涉技术对传感信息进行解调,将包含被测应变信息的FBG波长信号转变成相位信号,从而得到被测应变的大小,成功地实现了空分复用传感。该系统可用于静态应变和动态应变的检测,具有高分辨力、大测量范围的特点,其传感分辨率为7.3 nε,灵敏度的实验值为0.82°/με。     

光纤光栅压力传感器的研究进展与趋势

由于在灵敏度、绝缘性、抗腐蚀和分布式测量等方面具有优势,光纤光栅压力传感器在能源化工、航空航天和土木工程等领域中逐渐地受到人们关注,并成为研究热点。通过综述近年来迅速发展的光纤光栅压力传感器的研究进展,介绍了利用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)轴向应变构建压力传感器的工作原理、结构和特点,并按照光纤光栅安装方式对此类压力传感器进行了分类,同时概述了光纤光栅横向压力传感的实验研究,并对光纤光栅压力传感器的发展趋势进行了述评。     

光纤布拉格光栅传感分析仪

提出了一种基于FPGA与DSP平台的光纤布拉格光栅传感分析仪,将外界参量的变化转化为光纤布拉格光栅波长的偏移,通过数据采集、过滤杂波、信号波峰检测、高斯曲线拟合以及加权波长计算等关键步骤来实现波长解调技术,进而完成温度、应变、压力或位移等对象的在线测量,并且可以实现光纤线路故障分析与定位的功能.实验结果表明:该系统功耗低、线性度好、波长解调精度与分辨率较高.经过长期测试,系统软硬件运行稳定可靠.     

光纤光栅传感器阵列在撞击定位监测中的应用

本文提出基于半导体环形激光器的光纤传感阵列系统,用于在铝板上撞击定位监测。采用光纤法布里-珀罗(F-P)标准具对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器信号进行解调。施加在FBG传感器的应变被编码为FBG反射光的波长位移,然后由自由光谱范围为50 GHz的光纤F-P标准具转换为强度调制。通过波分复用技术,光纤F-P标准具可同时解调多个FBG信号,光纤传感阵列系统安装在厚度为1 mm的铝板上,50 g的小钢球在20 cm的高度自由下落撞击铝板产生声发射信号。利用时频小波分析,从测量的FBG传感器瞬态响应中获得的Lamb波的群速度频散曲线,并根据三角定位算法,确定撞击点的坐标。经过撞击试验,通过本系统和定位算法的平均定位精度误差在30.89 mm,达到了较好的精度。     

用于复合材料蒙皮的FBG正交传感网络研究

为了实现对复合材料蒙皮的结构健康监测与损伤识别,本文在对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)应变传感器理论分析的基础上,结合CFRP材料特性和波分复用技术设计了一种由16个FBG传感器构成的光纤光栅正交传感网络布局,对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)蒙皮进行相关准分布式传感网络研究。通过对复合材料中心位置进行逐级加载实验,并提取中心波长漂移量做相关性分析,证明了正交对称FBG传感网络对CFRP蒙皮进行结构健康监测的可行性,同时对称布局位置处的FBG传感器信号具有高度相关性质,相关系数可高达0.9996。实验结果为进一步研究准分布式FBG网络的位置布局优化以及传感网络的可靠性冗余设计提供了依据。     

A diaphragm-type fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor with temperature compensation

A diaphragm-type fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pressure sensor with two bare FBGs directly bonded on a circular diaphragm along the radial direction has been proposed and studied. Measurement principle and simulation analysis of the pressure sensor are introduced. Using the wavelength shift difference of the two FBGs which respectively measure the positive and negative strain as sensing signal, the pressure sensitivity is increased and the temperature cross-sensitivity is compensated. Experimental results indicate that the measurement sensitivity is 1.57 pm/kPa in a range from 0 to 1 MPa, the correlative coefficient reaches 99.996%, and the temperature compensation performance is distinct. This kind of pressure sensor could be used to measure and monitor the static/dynamic pressure of gas or liquid.     

基于CLPG的FBG监测系统及其应用

为了实现可变体机翼的结构健康监测,提出了一种基于级联长周期光栅(cascaded long-period fiber grating,CLPG)的光纤Bragg光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)监测系统.该监测系统以FBG为传感元件,以CLPG为边沿滤波器件,经CLPG调制后FBG反射光功率会发生变化,通过对FBG谐振波长处光功率的探测,从而实现FBG传感信号的监测.监测系统具有结构简单、成本低、解调速度快等优点.利用该监测系统对某型可变体机翼进行结构健康监测,结果表明该监测系统的应变分辨率为2με,实验结果与有限元分析结果相符,最小误差仅为3.27％,表明该监测系统能够用于可变体机翼的结构健康监测.     

Simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain by combining a fiber Bragg grating and the pigtail fiber covered with epoxy resin

A fiber sensor for simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with the pigtail fiber covered with epoxy resin is presented. The side mode suppression ratio of the FBG will vary with the temperature due to the Fresnel reflection from the interface between the pigtail fiber and the epoxy resin whose refractive index is sensitive to the temperature. The sensor is also capable of simultaneous measurement temperature and strain by combining the Bragg wavelength shift characteristics as the temperature and strain of the FBG.     

基于光纤布拉格光栅的压力蒸汽灭菌器气体质量监测

基于光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)的灭菌全过程物理参数实时动态监测系统,提出基于聚酰亚胺涂覆的FBG(Polyimide-Coated FBG,PI-FBG)对灭菌器气体的质量进行监测,研究其可行性和监测方法.评估PI-FBG的温度稳定性及温度灵敏度,通过考查合格灭菌器排气期和干燥期传...     

Fiber optic temperature sensor using the orbital angular momentum and gaussian beams

A fiber optic temperature sensor is reported based on the interference between the orbital angular momentum and Gaussian beams. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer was employed to convert the temperature signal to a light signal of the phase difference between the reference and measuring paths. The fiber Bragg grating is included in the fiber of the measuring path. Different from the traditional sensing of fiber Bragg gratings by wavelength interrogation, the temperature-dependent phase delay near Bragg wavelength was utilized in this design. The resolution of system was better than 0.01°C. Moreover, the sensitivity of the system was obtained across various ranges of temperature. This system has potential applications in temperature measurements that require high resolution.     

Differential strain measurement using multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensors

We investigate differential measurement of strain using fiber Bragg gratings and spatial demultiplexing methods. Differential measurement is shown to improve strain resolution in the presence of noise by an average of 34% compared to absolute measurements of the Bragg wavelengths. Spatial demultiplexing of the gratings provides potentially high-resolution sensing without calculating the sensor wavelengths. The differential method is still temperature dependent. We apply the differential technique to the problem of oil-water boundary detection in production columns, with promising preliminary results.     

利用超短FBG光谱线性区的传感解调系统

为了研究一种星载光纤光栅传感解调系统,通过高掺锗光纤载氢增敏和优化紫外曝光功率,实现了栅区长度小于0.5mm,反射率大于40%,3dB带宽大于5nm,反射谱边缘有效线性区域大于2nm的超短光纤光栅的写制。提出了一种将超短FBG作为传感器件,利用其光谱线性区进行传感解调的方法。将中心波长位于光谱线性区域的稳频激光入射到超短光纤光栅,随着超短光纤光栅光谱的漂移,反射光的功率随之变化。由于稳频激光位于线性区域,返回光功率与光谱漂移量呈线性关系,因而可实现传感测量。将该系统用于应变和温度的测量,结果表明,光功率随应变、温度变化具有较好的线性关系,线性度分别为0.997和0.999,灵敏度分别为54.59nW/με和230nW/℃。该方法可用于温度及应变的精确测量,并且具有结构简单、功耗小、测量空间分辨率高等潜在优势。     

机械系统光纤光栅分布动态监测与诊断的现状与发展

全面论述机械系统的光纤光栅分布动态监测与诊断的概念、主要研究内容、实现方法及国内外最新研究进展。介绍机械系统动态监测与诊断的概念和任务,在此基础上,重点分别介绍面向机械系统的高性能光纤光栅分布式传感器、光纤光栅反射波长高速解调原理与方法、机械系统分布传感与动态监测的原理与方法、基于分布测试数据的机械损伤的识别原理与方法、动态监测与诊断的集成原理与系统设计等。总结课题组近10年来应用光纤传感技术,在重大机械装备监测与诊断方面的研究成果以及国内外相关研究领域的最新进展。     

FBG 传感技术在飞机机翼动态形变监测中的应用

机翼是飞机的关键部件之一,在飞行过程中对机翼形变进行在线监测,有助于提升飞机的安全性能及任务执行能力。 为此,本文提出一种基于光纤布拉格光栅传感技术的机翼动态形变测量系统;理论分析了 FBG 波长变化量与机翼表面曲率变 化的关系,利用 FBG 温度传感器实现应变补偿,利用三次样条插值实现离散曲率的连续化,采用基于连续曲率的形变重构算法 实现机翼形变测量;在 CA42 飞机的 4 个翼面上布置了 36 个 FBG 应变传感器,4 个 FBG 温度传感器,通过地面静力试验得到了 机翼的形变测量误差为 2. 5% ;最后,针对机翼动态形变测量系统开展了飞行试验,试验过程完整地记录下了机翼表面的应变、 温度及形变信息。 试验结果表明,由机翼形变产生的翼梢位移量正比于机翼法向过载,系数分别为 86. 33 mm/ g(左机翼)及 80. 04 mm/ g(右机翼),翼梢最大位移量 250 mm,发生在法向过载为 2. 25 g 的时刻。 此外,飞机机动半径越小,机翼形变量越 大。 机翼动态形变测量系统体现了良好的工程适应性。     

光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器在桥梁结构监测中的应用

为了更准确了解桥梁结构变化情况,提出了一种新的检测方法。采用串联式组网方法,用光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)表面式应变传感器,对大桥左线衬砌裂缝及其长期变形进行监测。对裂缝存在区域的20个监测断面进行近一年的监测结果表明,对温度(测量记录最大温差6.4℃)进行补偿后,光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器的应变在正常范围内,表明在监测期桥梁结构稳定无异常变化。     

Monitoring corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures via fiber Bragg grating sensors

Corrosion of steel and rebar in concrete structures is one of the most frequent reasons for civil infrastructure failures. Thus, improving the effective corrosion sensor technology can greatly reduce cost and provide safe structures with long service lives. However, assessing the corrosion condition of rebars is not simple because they are buried in concrete. In this paper, using fiber Bragg grating (FBG), a corrosion sensor for monitoring steel rebars embedded in a concrete structure is developed and validated by experiments. Based on the fact that the volume and diameter of a rebar embedded in concrete will enlarge due to corrosion, an FBG packaged with fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) is wrapped on the steel bar. During corrosion, the increase in the bar diameter leads to the increase in fiber strain, which can be measured by the shift of the wavelength of FBG. Performances of the corrosion sensor are validated by accelerating corrosion in lab experiments. The corrosion sensor is embedded in a concrete specimen put in a 5% sodium chloride solution with a constant current. Experimental results show that the corrosion sensor can monitor the concurrence of corrosion of rebars in concrete. The corrosion extent can be quantitatively evaluated through the change in the wavelength of FBG. Therefore, the corrosion sensor developed in this paper is feasible for monitoring the early corrosion of rebars in concrete.