Comparison of decision tree-fuzzy and rough set-fuzzy methods for fault categorization of mono-block centrifugal pump

Mono-block centrifugal pumps are widely used in a variety of applications. In many applications the role of mono-block centrifugal pump is critical and condition monitoring is essential. Vibration based continuous monitoring and analysis using machine learning approach is gaining momentum. Particularly, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic have been employed for continuous monitoring and fault diagnosis. This paper presents the use of decision tree and rough sets to generate the rules from statistical features extracted from vibration signals under good and faulty conditions of a mono-block centrifugal pump. A fuzzy classifier is built using decision tree and rough set rules and tested using test data. The results obtained using decision tree rules and those obtained using rough set rules are compared. Finally, the accuracy of a principle component analysis based decision tree-fuzzy system is also evaluated. The study reveals that overall classification accuracy obtained by the decision tree-fuzzy hybrid system is to some extent better than the rough set-fuzzy hybrid system.     

Feature extraction using wavelets and classification through decision tree algorithm for fault diagnosis of mono-block centrifugal pump

Monoblock centrifugal pumps are employed in variety of critical engineering applications. Continuous monitoring of such machines becomes essential in order to reduce the unnecessary break downs. Vibration based approaches are widely used to carry out the condition monitoring tasks. Decision tree, fuzzy logic, support vector machine and artificial neural networks are some of the classification algorithms employed for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. In the present study, fault discriminating capability of wavelets in its continuous form with the application of J48 algorithm is analyzed. Vibration signals are extracted from the experimental setup. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is calculated for different families and at different levels which form the feature set. The features are then fed as an input to the classifier (J48 algorithm, a WEKA implementation) and the classification accuracies are calculated. Then, the results are validated to find classification capability of CWT features for monoblock centrifugal pump. The different faults considered for this study are cavitation (CAV), impeller fault, bearing fault (FB) and both bearing and impeller fault.     

基于最大小波奇异谱的轴承故障诊断方法

研究小波奇异谱在轴承故障诊断中的应用问题,针对小波奇异谱熵无法有效实现故障诊断的不足,提出以最大小波奇异谱为特征的轴承故障诊断方法。该方法利用小波变换后的系数矩阵的最大奇异值作为故障诊断特征,并将试验结果与以小波奇异谱熵为特征的方法进行比较。结果表明,该方法在识别性能上有显著提高。试验从小波基、窗口宽度两个层面对该方法的诊断性能进行了分析,证明该方法具有较强的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

基于小波变换的隐Markov模型离心泵故障诊断方法研究

根据离心泵故障振动信号的特点,本文提出了一种结合小波变换与隐Markov模型(HMM)的离心泵故障诊断方法。小波变换具有多分辨率分析并且在时频两域都具有表征信号局部特征能力的特点,利用Daubechies小波对振动信号进行一维8尺度的小波分解,然后从中提取一维信号的低频系数作为特征向量,将其输入到各个状态HMM进行训练,其中输出概率最大的状态即是离心泵的运行状态,从而实现离心泵的故障诊断。最后通过2BA-6A离心泵试验系统验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于连续小波灰度图的变速箱故障诊断

为了诊断汽车变速箱的周期性冲击故障，利用连续小波变换灰度图分别对正常和故障汽车变速箱振动信号进行了分析。结果发现，连续小波灰度图不仅能识别变速箱的正常与故障，准确提取出周期性冲击故障信息，而且能够非常直观形象地表达出信号的细微结果，并进一步显示出故障变速箱中同时存在的两种相同频率的故障信息，从多层次、多方位观察到了分析信号的细微变化。     

基于小波包变换和GA-PLS算法的故障特征选择方法

为了提高故障诊断的分类精度,减小分类运算时间等问题,需要从原始特征集合中选择出更为优化的特征子集合,因此,提出了一种基于小波包变换和GA-PLS算法的特征选择方法。首先,采用小波包变换对提取出的振动信号进行分解,从而得到小波包的分解系数;其次,运用遗传算法 偏最小二乘法从原始信号和小波包系数的统计学特征中选择出最优特征集;最后,将最优特征集作为输入,输入到支持向量机中以实现对不同故障的诊断与识别。应用于轴向柱塞泵故障诊断中,与现有特征选择方法对比,实验结果验证了本研究特征选择方法的有效性。     

递归定量分析在离心泵故障诊断中的运用

为了准确诊断离心泵的振动故障,针对振动信号的非平稳特征,提出了一种基于递归定量分析的离心泵振动故障诊断方法。采用递归定量分析(recurrence quantification analysis,简称RQA)方法提取离心泵振动信号的非线性特征参数,由这些特征参数构成特征向量,并以此作为改进Elman神经网络的输入,对神经网络进行训练,建立了离心泵运行状态分类器,用以诊断离心泵的不同状态。试验结果表明,递归定量分析与Elman神经网络相结合的方法可以准确诊断离心泵的振动故障。     

SEQUENTIAL DIAGNOSIS FOR A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP BASED ON FUZZY NEURAL NETWORK

A sequential diagnosis method is proposed based on a fuzzy neural network realized by ＂the partially-linearized neural network （PNN）＂, by which the fault types of rotating machinery can be precisely and effectively distinguished at an early stage on the basis of the possibilities of symptom parameters. The non-dimensional symptom parameters in time domain are defined for reflecting the features of time signals measured for the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. The synthetic detection index is also proposed to evaluate the sensitivity of non-dimensional symptom parameters for detecting faults. The practical example of condition diagnosis for detecting and distinguishing fault states of a centrifugal pump system, such as cavitation, impeller eccentricity which often occur in a centrifugal pump system, are shown to verify the efficiency of the method proposed in this paper.     

基于矢谱和粗糙集理论的旋转机械故障诊断

矢谱融合了转子同源双通道的信息,能准确反映转子运动状态．粗糙集理论是一种对决策表进行简化,去除冗余属性的数据分析和处理方法．提出了基于矢谱和粗糙集理论的旋转机械故障诊断方法．计算了旋转机械振动4种典型故障的矢谱征兆,使用粗糙集理论对其进行约简,根据约简的结果生成矢谱诊断规则,并利用得到的规则对故障测试样本进行了诊断．结果表明：相对于单通道数据,基于矢谱和粗糙集理论的故障诊断不仅简化了诊断规则,而且明显提高了故障诊断的准确率．     

基于小波包分解与DAG SVM的柱塞泵故障诊断

针对柱塞泵检测诊断中故障特征模糊、成因复杂、难以准确定位的问题,结合决策树与支持向量机提出一种基于小波包分解与DAG SVM的柱塞泵故障诊断方法。该方法预先对所用C SVM和RBF核函数的参数进行优化,而后采用db5小波包对泵体振动信号进行三层分解以提取特征向量,将特征向量输入支持向量机完成其训练及模式识别过程。同时设计了柱塞泵故障诊断的一体化装置,通过模拟不同故障,利用已知故障样本完成支持向量机的训练过程,进而对待测样本进行故障模式识别。诊断结果与样本已知状态相符,验证了该方法的准确性。     

基于小波包-模糊神经网络的发动机泵机组故障诊断

提出了利用小波包分解、神经网络和模糊诊断的方法进行发动机泵机组故障诊断;运用小波包频带能量分解,可以在不丢失振动信息的情况下降低信号的维数,提高神经网络的识别能力;运用了神经网络使故障诊断具有自适应、自学习能力,对发动机泵机组的各类故障进行分类和训练,得到了满意的效果.     

FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF ROTATING MACHINERY THROUGH VISUALISATION OF SOUND SIGNALS

As a method for diagnosing faults in rotating machinery, attention is being focused on changes in the sound signals generated by bearings. This provides the advantage of making it easier to set up sensors, since sound signals can be measured at a location some distance from the housing of the bearing. However, the signal-to-noise ratio is low compared with the vibration acceleration, which makes it difficult to identify any characteristic difference between the sound signals generated by normal and faulty bearings. This report describes a symmetrised dot pattern (SDP) method, which visualises sound signals in a diagrammatic representation. Using SDP to visualize sound signals measured for fans, it was possible to distinguish differences between normal and faulty bearings. Moreover, through the analysis of sound signals in the time-frequency domain and wavelet analysis, the signal component indicative of a fault was identified. When sound signals were modified by removing the above component, SDP with the modified faulty signal resembled the non-faulty case.     

SINGULARITY ANALYSIS USING CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM FOR BEARING FAULT DIAGNOSIS

In this paper, wavelet transform is applied to detect abrupt changes in the vibration signals obtained from operating bearings being monitored. In particular, singularity analysis across all scales of the continuous wavelet transform is performed to identify the location (in time) of defect-induced bursts in the vibration signals. Through modifying the intensity of the wavelet transform modulus maxima, defect-related vibration signature is highlighted and can be easily associated with the bearing defect characteristic frequencies for diagnosis. Due to the fact that vibration characteristics of faulty bearings are complex and defect-related vibration signature is normally buried in the wideband noise and high frequency structural resonance, simple signal processing cannot be used to detect bearing fault. We show, through experimental results, that the proposed method has the ability to discriminate noise from the signal significantly and is robust to bearing operating conditions, such as load and speed, and severity of the bearing damage. These properties are desirable for automatic detection of machine faults.     

基于小波包和PSO-Elman神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承的故障诊断,分析滚动轴承故障机理及特点,提出基于小波包分析的滚动轴承振动信号的特征向量提取算法,并建立PSO-Elman神经网络进行故障诊断和识别。将滚动轴承故障振动信号进行小波包分解,构造频带能量谱作为特征向量,输入PSO-Elman神经网络对故障进行识别。试验结果表明,基于小波包分析和PSO-Elman神经网络相结合的方法可准确地实现滚动轴承的故障诊断。     

基于小波包变换与样本熵的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承振动信号的不规则性和复杂性可以反映轴承故障的发生和发展,提出一种基于小波包变换与样本熵的轴承故障诊断方法。样本熵可以较少地依赖时间序列的长度,将轴承振动信号进行3层小波包分解,利用分解得到的各个频带的样本熵值作为特征向量,利用支持向量机对轴承故障进行分类。对轴承内圈故障、滚动体故障和外圈故障3种故障及不同损伤程度的实测数据进行实验,结果表明该方法取得较高的识别率,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于多尺度Hermitian小波包络谱的轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于多尺度Hermitian小波包络谱的轴承故障诊断方法。该方法综合利用了Hermitian小波和包络谱分析技术的优点,首先对轴承故障振动信号进行Hermitian连续小波变换,得到小波分解的实部和虚部,然后计算振动信号的多尺度包络谱。对齿轮箱轴承故障振动信号的分析表明,该方法在强噪声环境下能有效识别轴承内圈故障和外圈故障。     

滚动轴承故障特征信息的自动提取方法研究

提出基于小波包分析和包络检测的滚动轴承故障特征信息的自动提取力法。根据滚动轴承的故障冲击能激起轴承座或其他机械零部件产生共振的特性，对轴承振动信号进行快速傅里叶变换FFT分析，在频谱图中自动识别高频共振频带。然后利用小波包分析可以在全频带内把信号分解到相邻的不同频带上的特性，对滚动轴承的振动信号进行小波包分解，自动提取共振频带上的信号并进行重构。最后，对重构后的信号进行包络检波，实现滚动轴承故障特征信息的自动提取。通过对实际滚动轴承振动信号的分析，发现这种方法能非常有效地检测和诊断滚动轴承的故障．     

OBJECTIVE MACHINERY FAULT DIAGNOSIS USING FUZZY LOGIC

Vibration-based machine condition monitoring incorporates a number of machinery fault detection and diagnostic techniques. Many machinery fault diagnostic techniques use automatic signal classification in order to increase accuracy and reduce errors caused by subjective human judgment. In this paper, fuzzy logic techniques have been applied to classify frequency spectra representing various rolling element bearing faults. The frequency spectra representing a number of different fault conditions have been processed using a variety of fuzzy set shapes. The application of basic fuzzy logic techniques has allowed fuzzy numbers to be generated which represent the similarity between frequency spectra. Correct classification of different bearing fault spectra was observed when the correct combination of fuzzy set shapes and range of membership domains were used. The problem of membership overlapping found in previous studies, where classifying individual spectrum with respect to spectra that represent true fault classes was not conclusive, has been overcome. Further work is described which will extend this technique to other classes of machinery using generic software.     

Application of an impulse response wavelet to fault diagnosis of rolling bearings

To target the characteristic of roller bearing fault vibration signals, the impulse response wavelet is constructed by using continuous wavelet transform to extract the feature of fault vibration signals, based on which two methods namely scale-wavelet power spectrum comparison and auto-correlation analysis of time-wavelet power spectrum are proposed. The analysis results from roller bearing vibration signals with out-race or inner-race fault show that the two proposed methods can detect the faults of roller bearing and identify fault patterns successfully.     

基于小波变换的引擎故障诊断方法研究

小波分析是近年来迅速发展起来的一门理论,在图像处理和故障诊断等方面都取得了成功的应用。本文从诊断理论和故障信号特点两方面说明对引擎故障信号进行小波分析是引擎故障诊断过程的内在要求;阐述了小波分析的理论基础,得到适合故障信号分析的小波母函数;应用了基于“能量-故障”的引擎故障诊断模式识别方法。通过小波包变换,成功提取了转子振动平台预设故障状态下的特征向量,通过模拟实验验证了该方法的可行性。