基于奇异值分解及形态滤波的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法*

针对滚动轴承振动信号故障特征信息往往被强背景噪声淹没的问题,提出一种基于奇异值分解和形态滤波的振动信号故障特征提取方法。该方法利用信号时间序列重构的吸引子轨迹矩阵奇异值分布特征与信号自身特征的关系,选择轨迹矩阵中主要反映冲击信息明显的奇异值进行信号重构的方法来滤除信号中的平滑信号和部分噪声,获取带噪声的冲击信号;然后利用形态滤波能有效滤除脉冲干扰噪声的特点,反其道而行之,从而提取信号的冲击故障特征的方法,并将该方法应用于轴承的振动信号的故障特征提取。仿真与实例表明,该方法能有效提取强背景信号及噪声中的弱冲击特征信号,是一种有效的弱信号特征提取方法。     

基于压缩采集与CNN的风电机轴承故障诊断

针对传统风电机轴承故障检测存在的采样数据量大、故障特征依赖主观选取的问题,提出了风电机轴承故障的信号压缩采集、自动提取特征及故障诊断的方法,解决了风电机轴承振动信号特征提取计算复杂、受先验知识影响较大的问题.首先基于梯度加速法(NAG)和QR分解理论对随机高斯观测矩阵进行优化,实现风电机轴承振动信号压缩采集;然后将压缩...     

航空物流传送设备中轴承故障稀疏特征提取

航空物流传送设备中的轴承由于长期受外侵灰尘影响,其内外环极易发生故障;利用计算机采集轴承的振动信号并进行故障特征提取是轴承故障诊断的常用方法;提出了基于稀疏分解的轴承故障特征提取方法;首先,分析轴承故障特征稀疏提取原理;然后,构造参数化Gabor字典,利用遗传算法对故障特征成分进行匹配追踪 (Matching Pursuit,简称MP),以峭度值最大原则作为迭代结束条件;最后,重构提取的特征成分,进行包络谱分析,得出故障类型;对仿真数据和轴承振动数据的测试结果表明,所提方法能有效提取轴承故障特征成分,为航空物流传送设备中轴承的故障监测提供了一种有效方法。     

基于改进的EEMD-Hilbert包络解调轴箱轴承故障诊断

为解决在轴箱轴承故障诊断中,原始振动信号带通滤波器参数选择依靠主观工作经验,EEMD分解技术中多个IMF分量分析效率及准确性较低等问题,提出一种改进的EEMD-Hilbert包络解调方法.该方法采用EEMD对原始信号进行分解,利用双相关系数法及阈值法选取有效本征模态分量,通过对本征模态分量进行Hilbert包络解调,获取包络信号幅值谱作为故障特征量进行轴箱轴承故障诊断.并通过轴箱轴承实验台测试验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于SVD和TKEO的轴承振动信号特征提取

为了解决滚动轴承振动信号中微弱故障信息难以提取的问题,提出了一种基于奇异值分解（Singular Value Decomposition,SVD）和Teager-Kaiser能量算子（Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator,TKEO）的轴承振动信号特征提取方法。采用SVD将突变信息从背景噪声和光滑信号中分离,提取信号的突变信息;利用TKEO计算突变信息的瞬时能量,对该能量信号进行频谱分析,从而提取出轴承振动信号的能量频谱特征,用于故障检测。将该方法应用于轴承外圈、内圈局部故障状态下的振动信号特征提取,利用特征信息能够准确检测并识别出故障类型,表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于最大相关峭度解卷积与形态滤波的齿轮故障特征提取

为了准确地进行齿轮故障特征提取,结合最大相关峭度解卷积和形态滤波,给出了一种新的方法。首先利用最大相关峭度解卷积恢复信号中的周期性故障特征并实现信号的降噪,再运用形态差值滤波器对解卷积后的信号进行滤波以增强信号中的冲击特征并解调出包络,最后求取包络谱以进行故障特征提取;通过齿轮断齿故障振动数据的分析,验证了方法的有效性。     

自动扶梯链轮轴承的振动信号特征提取分类方法研究

为了提高自动扶梯链轮轴承故障诊断准确率,针对轴承振动信号特征提取方法的问题,本文使用经验模态对原始信号进行分解,通过包络谱方法选取优化分解后得到多个模态分量中的最优模态分量,引入多角度特征度量提取故障特征值.根据轴承振动信号数据的振动特性建立更趋向于故障特征类别信息的轴承信号特征组,避免了单一度量特征提取绝对化问题.使用模糊C均值聚类算法,让相似特性的样本数据聚类到同一簇区域,有效解决了单一度量分析无法表征出轴承振动信号复杂的内在特性问题.     

基于倒谱预白化的轨道车辆轴箱轴承故障诊断

轴箱轴承作为轨道车辆的关键旋转部件之一,起着承载、减磨、降阻的作用。基于振动信号的轴承监测方法,将成为轨道车辆轴承状态在线监测的发展方向。在信号预白化的理论基础上,提出了基于倒谱编辑预白化的轴承故障诊断方法,该方法使用实倒谱定位和编辑原始信号的对数幅值,去除不想要的离散频率分量,然后结合原始相位信号和编辑后的幅值重构时域信号,再对时域白化信号进行频谱分析。试验结果表明,倒谱预白化与传统包络谱解调分析都能有效检测轴箱轴承故障,但倒谱预白化不需要进行滤波频带选择,具有简单实用的优点,验证了该方法在轴承严重故障和微弱故障诊断方面的有效性。     

带式输送机传动滚筒轴承故障智能诊断

带式输送机工作环境恶劣,导致采集获得的滚动轴承信号受噪声影响较大,很难提取故障信号的特征频率。针对上述问题,提出了一种带式输送机传动滚筒轴承故障智能诊断方法。通过对滚动轴承振动信号的谱峭度进行分析,识别出瞬态冲击及其在频带中分布位置,同时根据谱峭度最大化原则确定最优中心频率和带宽,由此设计带通滤波器对滚动轴承信号进行滤波;对经过滤波处理后的滚动轴承有效信号进行谱峭度分析,确定故障特征信号,再进行希尔伯特变换获得包络谱,最终获得准确的故障特征。仿真结果表明,通过自适应谱峭度特征提取后,倍频信号更加清晰,特征频率更加明显准确,能有效识别滚动轴承故障。     

矿用电动机振动信号早期故障特征提取方法

针对现有矿用电动机振动信号故障特征提取方法存在依赖参数设置、频率混叠、信号失真等问题,提出了一种基于双树复小波变换的矿用电动机振动信号早期故障特征提取方法。利用双树复小波变换对采集的矿用电动机振动信号进行分解,得到各层双树复小波系数,并采用软阈值滤波对各层双树复小波系数进行滤波处理,滤波处理后的双树复小波系数经双树复小波变换重构获得去噪信号。应用结果表明,该方法能有效去除电动机振动信号中噪声,提取的早期故障特征能很好地反映电动机实际运行工况,为电动机早期故障诊断提供了有效依据。     

轮轨激励下含局部缺陷的高速列车轴箱轴承动力学仿真分析

轴箱轴承是高速列车走行部中的关键旋转部件,在复杂轮轨激励的作用下容易出现由疲劳、过载等原因导致的失效,影响列车的行车安全.采用UM/Simulink联合仿真的方式,建立了含局部缺陷的轴箱轴承-柔性轴箱-车辆系统耦合动力学模型,研究了不同工况下轴承外圈、内圈和滚子存在单一局部缺陷时系统的动力学响应,分析了轨道不平顺、车轮失圆等轮轨激励对轴箱轴承故障响应的影响.此外,通过对轴箱箱体及轴箱转臂的振动响应进行对比分析,确定了轴箱上提取故障冲击响应的最佳测点位置.相关结果对于指导高速列车轴箱轴承的状态监测和故障诊断具有一定的工程应用价值.     

Fault features extraction for bearing prognostics

Over the past years, investigation on condition-based maintenance (CBM) technique on bearing has been conducted. Bearing diagnostics and prognostics are the important aspects in CBM. A key to the success of using vibration data for bearing fault diagnostics and bearing lifecycle prognostics is a quantified relationship between bearing damage and bearing fault features. To establish such a quantitative relationship, effective signal processing techniques to extract bearing fault features from vibration signals are needed. This paper describes a newly developed fault feature extraction method for bearing prognostics. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated with two real bearing run-to-failure test datasets: one collected under normal operating conditions and another one under abnormal operating conditions. Experimental results show that the bearing fault features extracted using both traditional vibration analysis methods and the proposed method give clear bearing heath degradation trend for the dataset collected under normal operating conditions. However, for the data collected under abnormal operating conditions, bearing fault features obtained using traditional vibration analysis methods fail to show the bearing health degradation trend while the fault features extracted using the proposed method give consistent bearing degradation trends.     

基于小波包分析的滚动轴承故障特征提取

简述了小波包分析的基本原理及其用于特征提取的机理,利用小波包对滚动轴承振动加速度信号进行分解,求出各频率段的能量,并以此作为滚动轴承所发生故障的特征向量进行提取,从而识别出滚动轴承的故障,通过对于实测信号的分析证明了该方法的有效性,体现了小波包分析的优良性。     

基于LXI总线的多通道振动信号测试系统设计

针对某些大型复杂装备的振动信号采集需求,测控场景需对上百通道的振动信号实现同步测量;而单一采集仪器很难满足百道测试需求,因此,文章研制了一种可扩展的多通道振动信号采集与分析系统;该系统采用LXI总线架构,其主控计算机与设备和设备间均采用LAN进行数据通信;振动测量模块采用了大动态范围数据采集技术,且主控系统软件采用分布式数据管理模式;最终,主控计算机以仪器驱动函数方式通过通信协议合理调控采集模块参数,并通过综合数据分析得到振动信号的故障诊断结果;通过对某型高速列车的轴箱轴承进行振动信号采集与数据分析,得到某一轴承出现了故障,验证了所设计测试系统的有效性。     

A new feature extraction approach based on one dimensional gray level co-occurrence matrices for bearing fault classification

ABSTRACT

Recently, precise and deterministic feature extraction is one of the current research topics for bearing fault diagnosis. For this aim, an experimental bearing test setup was created in this study. In this setup, vibration signals were obtained from the bearings on which artificial faults were generated in specific sizes. A new feature extraction method based on co-occurrence matrices for bearing vibration signals was proposed instead of the conventional feature extraction methods, as in the literature. The One (1) Dimensional–Local Binary Patterns (1D-LBP) method was first applied to bearing vibration signals, and a new signal whose values ranged between 0–255 was obtained. Then, co-occurrence matrices were obtained from these signals. The correlation, energy, homogeneity, and contrast features were extracted from these matrices. Different machine learning methods were employed with these features to carry out the classification process. Three different data sets were used to test the proposed approach. As a result of analysing the signals with the proposed model, the success rate is 87.50% for dataset1 (different speed), 96.5% for dataset2 (fault size (mm)) and 99.30% for dataset3 (fault type – inner ring, outer ring, ball) was found, respectively.     

Fault diagnosis of roller bearing using fuzzy classifier and histogram features with focus on automatic rule learning

Roller bearing is one of the most widely used elements in rotary machines. Condition monitoring of such elements is conceived as pattern recognition problem. Pattern recognition has three main phases: feature extraction, feature selection and feature classification. Histogram features can be used for fault diagnosis of roller bearing. This paper presents the use of decision tree for selecting best few histogram features (bin ranges) that will discriminate the fault conditions of the bearing from given train samples. These features are extracted from vibration signals. A rule set is formed from the extracted features and fed to a fuzzy classifier. The rule set necessary for building the fuzzy classifier is obtained largely by intuition and domain knowledge. This paper also presents the usage of decision tree to generate the rules automatically from the feature set. The vibration signal from a piezoelectric transducer is captured for the following conditions – good bearing, bearing with inner race fault, bearing with outer race fault, and inner and outer race fault. The histogram features were extracted and good features that discriminate the different fault conditions of the bearing were selected using decision tree. The rule set for fuzzy classifier is obtained by once using the decision tree again. A fuzzy classifier is built and tested with representative data. The results are found to be encouraging.     

柔性形态滤波和遗传规划在电机轴承故障诊断的应用

针对电机轴承故障振动信号的强噪声背景.以及电机轴承故障是一个内圈故障、外圈故障和滚动体故障多级分类问题的情况,提出了一种基于柔性形态滤波和遗传规划的电机轴承故障诊断方法.该方法首先对电机轴承故障原始信号进行柔性形态滤波,然后提取滤波后信号的故障特征频率的归一化能量以及时域统计特征量作为遗传规划中的终止符,通过复制、交叉、突变以及适应度计算等操作,使个体逐渐逼近问题的最优解,得到电机轴承故障模式分类的最优模型,试验结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

基于MED和边际谱的自动倾斜器轴承故障诊断

针对直升机自动倾斜器轴承早期微弱故障特征易被强烈背景噪声淹没的问题，提出了一种基于最小熵反褶积（Minimum Entropy Deconvolution，MED）和边际谱的自动倾斜器轴承故障诊断方法。采用MED对采集的振动信号进行滤波降噪，提高了信号的信噪比，突出了轴承早期微弱故障特征；通过Hilbert变换和经验模态分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition，EMD）获取去噪包络信号的本征模态函数（Intrinsic Mode Functions，IMF）集，并引入峭度筛选准则选取合理IMF集计算局部Hilbert边际谱，有效地提取了故障特征频率，能够通过故障特征频率进行故障类型判别。通过某型直升机自动倾斜器故障诊断试验系统验证了该诊断方法的合理性和可行性。     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的特征能量法及其在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

Hilbert-Huang变换是一种新的自适应信号处理方法,非常适用于非线性和非平稳过程。该文在介绍Hilbert-Huang变换的基础上,针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳特征,提出了一种基于Hilbert-Huang变换的特征能量法。该方法在Hilbert-Huang变换的基础上定义滚动轴承振动信号在固有频率段的能量为特征能量,以此作为滚动轴承的故障特征向量,并通过建立M-距离判别函数来识别滚动轴承的故障类型。对滚动轴承外圈和内圈故障信号的分析结果表明,基于Hilbert-Huang变换的特征能量法可以有效地提取滚动轴承振动信号的故障特征。