喷雾造粒技术在反应烧结SiC密封材料中的应用研究

研究了水基料浆喷雾造粒粉体在反应烧结SiC密封材料中的应用.通过对均匀、稳定分散的水基SiC C料浆进行喷雾干燥,制备的反应烧结碳化硅复合粉体与传统工艺相比流动性能得到明显改善,适用于连续自动干压成型,并且避免了传统工艺的热压成型.采用新工艺制备出密度为3.10 g/cm3,游离硅含量为8.22Wt%,硬度(HRA)90,抗折强度为434MPa的碳化硅密封材料,主要性能高于传统工艺和行业标准,可以与国外同类产品技术指标相比.     

热压烧结工艺以及碳纤维含量对C/SiC复合材料性能的影响

以SiC粉、碳纤维为原料,采用热压烧结工艺制备了C/SiC复合材料,结合正交试验和单因素试验研究了烧结压力、烧结温度和碳纤维含量对复合材料体积密度与抗弯强度的影响。结果表明：碳纤维含量对C/SiC复合材料体积密度的影响最大,烧结温度次之,烧结压力最小;烧结温度对抗弯强度的影响最大,碳纤维含量次之,烧结压力最小;当烧结压力为25 MPa、碳纤维体积分数为30%、烧结温度为2 100℃时,复合材料的综合性能最优,其体积密度为2.30 g·cm^-3,抗弯强度为80.50 MPa。烧结工艺与碳纤维含量的变化通过影响SiC的烧结程度及碳纤维与SiC基体的界面结合强度来影响复合材料的性能。     

部分扩散预合金温压铁-铜-镍-钼-碳材料的组织与性能

对部分扩散预合金Fe-2Cu-2Ni-1Mo-1C粉末的温压行为及烧结和热处理后的组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明:模壁润滑温压工艺能明显提高烧结材料的密度和性能;在130℃、400～700 MPa压力范围内材料压坯密度、烧结密度和烧结性能均随压制压力增大而提高;700 MPa下材料压坯密度7.34 g/cm3;1 150℃烧结60 min后密度为7.32 g/cm3,抗拉强度达到853 MPa,表面硬度302 HB,伸长率4.4%;热处理对烧结材料力学性能提高效果显著;880℃淬火 350℃回火60 min材料的综合性能较好,抗拉强度1 086 MPa,表面硬度295 HB,伸长率3.7%,显微组织为马氏体、回火屈氏体和残余奥氏体.     

包埋工艺参数对碳/碳复合材料表面SiC涂层致密性的影响

采用包埋法在碳/碳(C/C)复合材料表面制备出不同致密度的SiC涂层,用正交试验法系统研究了包埋温度(A)、包埋时间(B)、烧结助剂Ⅰ含量(C)、烧结助剂Ⅱ含量(D)、硅含量(E)等工艺参数对SiC涂层抗氧化性能(用抗氧化性能表征涂层的致密性)的影响.结果表明:研究的包埋工艺参数对SiC涂层抗氧化性能(致密性)影响的显著性从大到小依次为A,C,E,D,B;在A1B1C1DE1工艺条件下所得的SiC涂层最疏松;通过改进参数,在A3B2C4D2E4工艺条件下所得的SiC涂层最致密,该涂层可在1 500℃空气中提供10 h以上的抗氧化保护.     

三维网络结构SiC-Fe复合材料制备及腐蚀性能研究*

传统钢铁材料难以满足深井开采严苛的腐蚀环境,亟需开发具有良好耐蚀性的新材料。SiC陶瓷具有优异的耐蚀性,因此探讨了以SiC为原材料的复合材料的制备及耐蚀性。以SiC、Al2O3、SiO2为原材料采用有机泡沫浸渍法制备出三维网络结构SiC陶瓷,并采用浇铸工艺制备三维网络结构SiC-Fe复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等对SiC-Fe复合材料组织结构及物相进行分析,通过电化学试验、浸泡试验对SiC-Fe复合材料的耐蚀性进行表征,并分析其耐腐蚀机制。结果表明：SiC-Fe复合材料中SiC陶瓷增强体与高铬铸铁基体之间未发生元素扩散,界面结合方式为机械结合,基体中主要物相有奥氏体和碳化物,陶瓷增强体中主要为六方结构SiC和Al2O3;SiC陶瓷增强体的加入使高铬铸铁的腐蚀电流由4.189×10-3 A/cm2降至3.353×10-3 A/cm2,电荷转移电阻从7.309 Ω·cm2增大至11 881 Ω·cm2,电容值从1.994×10-4 F/cm2降至1.974×10-5 F/cm2,使整体的耐蚀性得到了提高。浸泡试验表明,SiC-Fe复合材料的腐蚀主要发生在高铬铸铁基体部分,界面及SiC陶瓷增强体处不易发生腐蚀;与纯高铬铸铁材料相比,SiC-Fe复合材料点蚀产生的时间较晚且腐蚀程度相对较轻。研究成果为复合材料在煤矿深井开采装备的应用提供重要理论依据。     

载荷对激光选区烧结Cf/SiC复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过激光选区烧结技术和液相渗硅工艺制备了碳纤维增强碳化硅（Cf/SiC）复合材料。试样组织由C、SiC和Si三相组成,其密度和弯曲强度分别为2.89±0.01 g/cm3和237±9.8 MPa。采用UMT TriboLab多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究了Cf/SiC复合材料在不同载荷(10 N, 30 N, 50 N和70 N)条件下的摩擦学特性。研究结果表明：载荷较小(10 N)时,Cf/SiC复合材料的磨损由微凸起和SiC硬质点造成,磨损机制为磨粒磨损;载荷为30 N时,复合材料的摩擦磨损综合性能最好,其平均摩擦因数为0.564,磨损率低(5.24×10-7 cm3/（N·m）),主要磨损机制为犁削形成的磨粒磨损和黏结磨损。载荷增大到70N时,材料磨损严重,磨粒脱落形成凹坑,产生裂纹,其磨损率(8.68×10-7 cm3/（N·m）)高,磨损机制主要为脆性剥落。     

高致密度、复杂形状SiC陶瓷的组合热压烧结技术

提出了一种组合热压烧结新工艺,以石墨为型芯材料成功制备出具有复杂内部型腔的SiC陶瓷。结果表明:当石墨和SiC浆料固相含量均为50%(体积分数)时,烧结后SiC陶瓷的密度最高且与石墨的径向收缩率差值最小;石墨型芯易于去除,得到的SiC陶瓷内部型腔平滑且完整,相对密度高达98.5%,抗弯强度达到580MPa。     

用铁粉坯连接碳化硅陶瓷界面的微观结构

以铁粉压坯作为连接材料,采用高温钎焊连接工艺连接反应烧结SiC陶瓷.连接温度1 250℃,保温时间3 min,降温速率5℃/min,压坯厚度0.6 mm.对其界面微观结构进行了分析;并进行了三点弯曲试验.结果表明:连接界面形成了2个反应层,相应的界面微观结构为SiC/反应层1/反应层2/反应层1/SiC;各界面之间相互交错,形成紧密连接;界面含有Fe3Si、FeSi和SiC等相;试样断裂位置大部位于母材内,只有小部分断裂于反应层中,断口为混合断口.     

TiC含量和烧结工艺对AlN-TiC复相陶瓷烧结性能的影响

以AlN和TiC粉为原料,采用热压烧结工艺制备AlN-TiC复相陶瓷,研究了TiC含量、烧结工艺对复相陶瓷烧结性能的影响。结果表明:在烧结过程中复相陶瓷没有新相生成,由AlN和TiC两相组成;在1 900℃下烧结1h后,可以制备出致密的A1N-TiC复相陶瓷,其相对密度达到了99%以上,TiC的加入量对复相陶瓷的烧结性能无影响。     

时间对Q235钢碱性腐蚀的影响

在S~(2-)浓度为6 g/L的氢氧化钠溶液介质中,采用盐雾腐蚀和电化学腐蚀方法,借助腐蚀失重、SEM及EDS等分析手段,研究腐蚀时间对Q235钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,腐蚀首先发生在试样表面的划痕处,腐蚀程度随时间延长而加重,腐蚀失重和腐蚀电流密度分别从1天的3.846 2 g/m~2、2.431μA/cm~2增加到9天的4.049 5g/m~2、3.361μA/cm~2。腐蚀产物主要为Fe、O、S等元素,腐蚀初期,基体表面以OH-的竞争吸附占主导,主要发生Fe的氧化反应;腐蚀后期,S~(2-)的吸附逐渐占据主导,同时发生Fe的氧化与硫化反应,产物中S的含量持续增加。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.