Nafion/SiO2催化合成肉桂腈的研究

应用新型固体酸催化剂Nafion／SiO2作为催化剂制备肉桂腈，对催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等对脱水反应的影响进行了研究，实验结果表明：Nafion／SiO2是肉桂醛肟脱水制备肉桂腈的良好催化剂，其反应时间短，后处理简单，催化剂用量少且可重复使用，收率高。脱水反应的最佳工艺条件为：催化剂用量为肉桂醛肟质量的10％，反应温度为120℃，反应时间为1h。     

对甲苯磺酸催化乙二醇合成1，4-二氧六环

以对甲苯磺酸作催化剂，对乙二醇脱水制备1，4-二氧六环的反应进行研究。考察了催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度等因素对收率的影响，得出最佳反应条件：催化剂用量为乙二醇质量的4.3%，反应时间50 min，收率可达84.82%。     

壳聚糖硫酸盐催化合成苯甲酸甲酯

以壳聚糖硫酸为催化剂，由苯甲酸和甲醇合成苯甲酸甲酯，考察了催化剂用量，反应时间及醇酸摩尔比等因素对反应的影响，实验结果表明，在催化剂用量为1．0g，反应时间为4h，醇酸摩尔比为5：1的条件下，产品收率为90．56％，且催化剂可重复使用。     

氨基磺酸催化合成肉桂酸乙酯

以氨基磺酸为催化剂，由肉桂酸和乙醇合成了肉桂酸乙酯。考察了反应时间、原料配比和催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响。实验结果表明，在反应时间为4h、原料的摩尔配比为肉桂酸：乙醇＝1：3．5。催化剂的用量为1g的条件下，产品收率为95．4％，并且催化剂可重复使用多次。     

壳聚糖硫酸盐催化合成苯甲酸甲酯

以壳聚糖硫酸盐为催化剂，由苯甲酸和甲醇合成苯甲酸甲酯。考察了催化剂用量、反应时间及醇酸摩尔比等因素对反应的影响，实验结果表明，在催化剂用量为1.0g，反应时间4h，醇酸摩尔比为5：1的条件下，产品收率达90.56%，并且催化剂可重复使用多次。     

氯化铝催化合成苯甲酸甲酯

文中以结晶氯化铝为催化剂，以苯甲酸和甲醇为原料合成苯甲酸甲酯。考察了醇酸比、催化剂用量、反应时间对酯产率的影响。实验结果表明，最佳实验条件为：催化剂用量2．5克，甲醇与苯甲酸用量比为5：1，反应时间为4小时，反应液在沸腾状态下进行，此时所得酯主率达75％以上。     

催化合成苹果酯的新工艺研究

由乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇为主要原料，采用有机酸为催化剂，合成了苹果酯。研究了催化剂用量、原料配比和反应时间对反应收率的影响。确定了反应条件：原料配比为1：1．3，催化剂用量为0．65g，反应时间5h，产物收率可达88．5％，纯度98．5％。     

对甲基苯磺酸催化合成水杨酸乙酯

以对甲基苯磺酸为催化剂，水杨酸和乙醇为原料合成水杨酸乙酯。并考察了酸醇比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对酯化转化率的影响。结果表明，在水杨酸用量为0．003mol的情况下，用对甲基苯磺酸作催化剂，催化剂用量为12％，水杨酸与乙醇的摩尔比为1：2，反应时间为5h，反应温度为95℃是最适宜的反应条件，酯化转化率为52．6％。     

固体超强酸Fe2O3-SO4^2-催化合成己二酸二辛酯

用固体超强酸Fe2O3-SO4^2-为催化剂、己二酸和辛醇为原料合成己二酸二辛酯的过程中，催化剂的活化温度、催化剂的用量、醇酸比、反应时间对收率都有较大的影响。研究表明，己二酸的用量在0．1mol的情况下，用固体超强酸Fe2O3-SO4^2-为催化剂，催化剂的活化温度500℃，催化剂用量1．5g，醇酸比3：1，反应时间2．5h，是最适宜的反应条件，酯收率达85％。     

硫酸高铈掺杂聚苯胺催化合成乙酸正丁酯

以冰乙酸、正丁醇为原料，硫酸高铈掺杂聚苯胺为催化剂，催化合成乙酸正丁酯。探讨了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对反应的影响。结果表明，最佳反应条件是门（冰乙酸）：门（正丁醇）=1：1．45、催化剂用量为反应物总量的3％、反应时间4．5h。酯化率可达73．21％，并且催化剂可以多次使用，活性没有明显下降。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。