惯性约束聚变靶材料掺杂技术综述

文章概要综述了惯性约束聚变掺杂靶材料的制备方法，内容包括聚苯乙烯掺卤素和过渡金属元素，玻璃与塑料掺簇粒子，以及塑料涂层掺高Ｚ金属等。简述了掺杂材料的分析测试手段及其在ＩＣＦ中的应用。     

惯性约束聚变用合金薄膜靶制备方法

阐述了与制备惯性约束聚变(ICF)用合金薄膜靶有关的理论和方法,讨论了ICF合金薄膜靶制备中存在的问题与解决方案.对制备方法的选择、组成合金薄膜的性质与结构和成分分布的关系进行了分析及讨论.     

惯性约束聚变低温冷冻氘氚靶制备技术

低温冷冻氘氚靶对于惯性约束聚变研究至关重要,主要有塑料微球靶、金属铍球靶、泡沫球壳靶等。根据微球球壳材质的不同,采用不同的低温冷冻氘氚靶制备技术。塑料微球靶采用“高压充氘氚-冷冻法”或“充气管充气法”;金属铍球靶采用“低温、低压冷凝法”或“高温、高压扩散连接半球壳法”;多孔泡沫球壳靶采用“球壳材料吸附氘氚液体法”。本文简述上述技术和方法的发展状况和趋势。     

气凝胶的制备及其在惯性约束聚变实验中的应用

气凝胶是惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验中的一种理想的靶材料.文章介绍SiO2气凝胶、有机和碳气凝胶、二元气凝胶、掺杂SiO2气凝胶和其它几种气凝胶的研制,探讨了气凝胶在ICF相关研究领域的应用.     

惯性约束聚变实验中全程控终端同步机的研制

基于VXI总线系统设计了用于惯性约束聚变（ICF）实验的中等精度全程控终端同步机,可以对输出延时、幅度、极性、脉宽全面程控,并进行了性能指标测试。测试表明:该同步机固有延时小于30 ns,大信号输出脉冲前沿小于14ns,时间抖动小于5ns,满足了ICF实验对终端同步机的要求。     

惯性约束聚变用聚酰亚胺靶丸的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外在惯性约束聚变实验用聚酰亚胺(PI)靶丸方面的研究与应用进展情况.从ICF实验用靶的性能要求、常用PI的化学结构、PI靶丸的装配方法以及目前PI靶丸应用过程中存在的问题等几个方面进行了论述.在此基础上提出了PI靶丸的研究方向.     

激光惯性约束聚变中的氘,氚核自旋极化方法

介绍了激光惯性约束聚变（ＬＩＣＦ）中的氘（Ｄ）、氚（Ｔ）热核燃料核自旋极化的基本原理，综述了这一课题的进展情况。讨论了动态核极化理论在氘氚（ＤＴ）核极化中的固体效应、自旋温度效应以及速率方程，并说明了在激光惯性约束聚变反应堆研究中采用极化的氘氚热核燃料所带来的利益，提出了今后该课题将继续研究的几个问题。     

Potential common radiation problems for components and diagnostics in future magnetic and inertial confinement fusion devices

This work aims at identifying common potential problems that future fusion devices will encounter for both magnetic and inertial confinement approaches in order to promote joint efforts and to avoid duplication of research. Firstly, a comparison of radiation environments found in both fusion reaction chambers will be presented. Then, wall materials, optical components, cables and electronics will be discussed, pointing to possible future areas of common research. Finally, a brief discussion of experimental techniques available to simulate the radiation effect on materials is included.     

Fatigue cracking of a bare steel first wall in an inertial confinement fusion chamber

Inertial confinement fusion power plants will deposit high energy X-rays onto the outer surfaces of the first wall many times a second for the lifetime of the plant. These X-rays create brief temperature spikes in the first few microns of the wall, which cause an associated highly compressive stress response on the surface of the material. The periodicity of this stress pulse is a concern due to the possibility of fatigue cracking of the wall. We have used finite element analyses to simulate the conditions present on the first wall in order to evaluate the driving force of crack propagation on fusion-facing surface cracks.Analysis results indicate that the X-ray induced plastic compressive stress creates a region of residual tension on the surface between pulses. This tension film will likely result in surface cracking upon repeated cycling. Additionally, the compressive pulse may induce plasticity ahead of the crack tip, leaving residual tension in its wake. However, the stress amplitude decreases dramatically for depths greater than 80–100 μm into the fusion-facing surface. Crack propagation models as well as stress-life estimates agree that even though small cracks may form on the surface of the wall, they are unlikely to propagate further than 100 μm without assistance from creep or grain erosion phenomena.     

Multi-dimensional computational model of the movement of the solid-gas interface during the layering process in inertial confinement fusion targets in a non-uniform thermal environment

The redistribution of deuterium (DD) or of a deuterium-tritium mixture (DT) to form a layer on the inside of spherical inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsules is a challenging problem because of the symmetry requirements of the fuel layer thickness, the smoothness requirement of the inside target surface, and the time restriction on the production process. Heat- and mass-transfer processes have been identified to interact with one another to influence the outcome of the layering process. For example, the mass redistribution speed of the fuel inside the shell towards a uniform layer and the final layer thickness uniformity depend on the variation in local heat transfer coefficient along the outer target surface.The focus of this work was to develop a numerical tool to help understand the physics involved in the layering process to be able to assess the influence of key parameters on the transient layer formation. The coupled mass and heat transfer processes governing target layering have been studied numerically, implementing unique boundary conditions to track the movement of the gas-solid boundary on the inside of the shell.The model was validated through comparison with theoretical results and laboratory-scale experiments. With this model, a window of parameters can by identified, under which layering experiments are likely to be successful.     

Modeling of a confinement bypass accident with CONSEN,a fast-running code for safety analyses in fusion reactors

The CONSEN (CONServation of ENergy) code is a fast running code to simulate thermal-hydraulic transients, specifically developed for fusion reactors. In order to demonstrate CONSEN capabilities, the paper deals with the accident analysis of the magnet induced confinement bypass for ITER design 1996. During a plasma pulse, a poloidal field magnet experiences an over-voltage condition or an electrical insulation fault that results in two intense electrical arcs. It is assumed that this event produces two one square meters ruptures, resulting in a pathway that connects the interior of the vacuum vessel to the cryostat air space room. The rupture results also in a break of a single cooling channel within the wall of the vacuum vessel and a breach of the magnet cooling line, causing the blow down of a steam/water mixture in the vacuum vessel and in the cryostat and the release of 4 K helium into the cryostat. In the meantime, all the magnet coils are discharged through the magnet protection system actuation. This postulated event creates the simultaneous failure of two radioactive confinement barrier and it envelopes all type of smaller LOCAs into the cryostat. Ice formation on the cryogenic walls is also involved. The accident has been simulated with the CONSEN code up to 32 h. The accident evolution and the phenomena involved are discussed in the paper and the results are compared with available results obtained using the MELCOR code.     

99mTc-MIBI显像对甲状腺癌及术后随访的临床价值

４６例甲状腺原发肿块（恶性病变１８例,良性病变２８例）及２４例甲状腺癌术后复发或转移患者,应用＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ显像。结果１８例甲状腺癌中１４例原发灶有效射性填充。而２８例良性病变中仅９例原发灶有放射性填充。２４例甲状腺癌术后复发或转移患者有１９例呈阳性显示,其阳性率明显高于＾１３１Ｉ显像。＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ显像对甲状腺癌尤其是术后复发、转移的早期诊断具有较高的临床价值。     

Two phase flow 1D turbulence model for poly-disperse upward flow in a vertical pipe

A 1D test-solver was developed in recent years for modeling of two phase bubbly flows in pipe geometry. The solver considers a number of bubble classes and calculates bubble-size resolved void fraction profiles in the radial direction. A successful implementation was achieved regarding bubble forces models (non-drag forces). Discrepancies appeared when coalescence and breakup rates were significant. These rates depend upon local turbulence quantities, which are possible reason for discrepancies. Originally the test-solver is equipped by Sato model (Sato, Y., Sadatomi, M., Sekoguchi, K., 1981. Momentum and heat transfer in two-phase bubble flow. I. International Journal Multiphase Flow 7, 167–177 .) which accounts for turbulence via shear- and bubble-induced viscosities calculated out of empirical correlations. One equation for the turbulent kinetic energy was solved, while the dissipation rate was calculated out of a correlation. In order to improve calculation of the local turbulence parameters, a two-phase k– turbulence model was adopted instead. The account for the bubble-induced turbulence was made via a source term taken out of literature. Comparisons between new and old turbulence modeling against experimental data showed better agreement for the new model. The experiments covered a wide range of water and air superficial velocities for upward bubbly flow in two pipe's diameters: 50 and 200 mm. The main feature of the new model is providing more reliable values of turbulence parameters for application in coalescence and breakup models. A comparison with CFX 5.7 calculations in a 50 mm pipe showed better calculation results when the source term was considered in the k– equations. An implementation into CFX is planned.     

心肌血流灌注断层定量显像在犬急性心肌梗塞疗效评价中的应用

在１０只犬的实验性心肌梗塞模型上进行心肌断层显像与容积定量分析,对照病理解剖资料评价主要定量参数心肌缺损体积（ＤＶ）及缺损范围分数（ＤＦ）的准确性;另２１只犬分为对照组和Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光心肌血管重建术（ＴＭＲ）组,分别进行实验性心肌梗塞术后心肌断层定量显像。结果表明：病理解剖定量分析获得的心肌梗塞区体积（ＩＶ）与心肌血流断层量结果ＤＶ值具有良好相关（ｒ＝０．８８）,两种方法所计算的心肌病变范围分数     

Diffusion Calculation Model for Streaming Effects in Low Density Channels in LMFBRs

A study is made of the use of modified diffusion theory to calculate the negative reactivity worth of recently proposed flow activated reactor shutdown devices, in which sodium is voided from purely sodium filled channels located at the boundary between the core and the radial blanket in a Liquid Metal cooled Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR). Three-dimensional diffusion theory calculations using various definitions of modified diffusion coefficients in the channels are compared with each other and with three-dimensional transport theory computations. While normal diffusion coefficient is found to be inadequate for these reactivity worth calculations, the various modified diffusion coefficients appear adequate for the considered case. Modelling method of the small thickness of steel wall and interstitial sodium layer of the modules are also studied.     

新型图像检查调度技术在航空托盘货物检查辐射成像系统的应用

航空托盘货物检查系统是继大型集装箱检查系统之后研制的应用于航空集装箱货物检查的又一综合辐射成像系统,该系统采用了基于队列查询的互锁式双级流水结构,队列请求互斥原理等新型的图像检查调度技术,为系统具有小型化,灵活的特点提供了良好的保障。