DOC+DPF对生物柴油发动机排气颗粒理化特性的影响

以某型高压共轨柴油机为研究对象,研究试验样机燃用BD20混合燃料时,DOC+DPF后处理装置对其排气颗粒理化特性的影响.结果表明:外特性工况下,试验样机连接DOC+DPF后,聚集态颗粒数量浓度降幅最高达99.4%,,而核态颗粒数量浓度降幅不如聚集态颗粒.随试验样机转速上升,DOC+DPF的捕集效率呈上升趋势.此外,试验样机连接DOC+DPF后,多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAH)排放质量下降91.5%,,所检测的19种PAH组分中,有17种组分排放质量减少,DOC+DPF可使PAH等效毒性下降93.9%,.     

不同路线国V车用柴油机非常规排放对比研究

在AVL全流采样(CVS)发动机台架上,对2台国V柴油机进行了ESC、ETC测试循环,并利用FTIR气体分析仪对非常规气体排放进行了测试。通过对比不同技术路线(增压中冷+共轨+EGR+DOC+DPF和增压中冷+共轨+SCR)发动机的NO2、SO2、NH3、HCHO和NOx排放,对它们的排放特性进行了试验研究;同时还分析了两种路线的CO2排放和油耗情况。研究结果表明DOC+DPF可以使NOx中NO2的比例升高,ESC循环达到了24.3%;两种路线都可以使车用柴油机满足国V排放标准要求,但前者THC、CO、HCHO、NH3排放明显低于后者,后者NO2排放及NO2在NOx排放中的比例明显低于前者。SCR路线在油耗和CO2排放方面相对具有优势。     

非道路用柴油机NO_2排放的试验研究

在一台非道路用达国四排放柴油机上,通过对比有无DOC+POC后处理以及不同DOC+POC装置情况下的NOx和NO2排放特性,对NOx排放中NO2的比例进行了分析,研究结果表明DOC+POC对CO,HC及烟度减排效果明显,对NOx排放无影响,但是会使NOx排放中NO2的比例升高,且升高的比例取决于DOC氧化能力的大小。     

DOC+DPF+SCR后处理系统对小型柴油机性能及排放的影响

对比无后处理的小型柴油机原机和氧化催化器(diesel oxidation catalyst,DOC)+颗粒物捕集器(diesel particulate filter,DPF)+选择性催化还原(selective catalytic reduction,SCR)后处理技术的柴油机性能和排放状态,测试排气管和DPF出口处NO_x排放中NO的体积分数。试验结果表明:与搭载DOC+DPF+SCR后处理的柴油机相比,原机的扭矩提高5～10 N·m,油耗无明显变化;原机NO_x排放中全部为NO,搭载DOC+DPF+SCR后,NO的体积分数随温度的升高逐渐降低,排温在500℃时,体积分数降至84%左右;相比于原机,搭载DOC+DPF+SCR后处理系统的小型柴油机在非道路稳态循环(non-road steady cycle,NRSC)试验中CO的比排放降低了97%,HC的比排放下降了86%,NO_x的比排放下降了70%,PM的比排放下降了80%。     

满足国V排放标准的组合后处理系统应用研究

在一台机械泵柴油机上开展了氧化催化剂(DOC)+颗粒氧化转化器(POC)+选择性催化还原转化器(SCR)组合后处理装置对排放的影响研究,考察了组合后处理装置的排列顺序。试验结果表明,DOC+POC及SCR单后处理系统都不能同时满足国V标准对PM和NO_x的限值要求;DOC+POC+SCR组合后处理装置方案能够使试验柴油机达到国V排放标准。通过对组合后处理装置和管路的优化使整体背压小于25 kPa,降低对柴油机经济性和动力性的影响。     

DOC/POC/SCR组合后处理技术在非电控柴油机排放上的应用研究

在一台经典非电控柴油机上进行了氧化催化剂(diesel oxidation catalyst,DOC)/颗粒氧化转化器(particle oxidation catalyst,POC)/选择性催化还原转化器(selective catalytic reduction,SCR)组合后处理排放控制研究以使其达到国-Ⅴ标准要求,对后处理单元的选择及排布进行了考察。试验结果表明:DOC+POC及SCR单后处理系统仅能使试验发动机排放污染物中颗粒物(PM)或NOx达到国-Ⅴ标准;而DOC/POC/SCR组合后处理系统则可使两种污染物排放均满足标准要求。SCR与DOC+POC排布顺序对污染物去除效率无明显影响。对POC的被动再生研究表明:DOC+POC系统需置于SCR系统前以使排气中NO2量满足POC的连续再生要求,且SCR系统后置也可降低其入口温度,减小温度对涂层的热老化影响。通过陶瓷POC的应用及结构优化设计使得组合后处理系统排气背压控制在25kPa之内,可减少对发动机性能影响。     

双级串联DOC+POC柴油机排放特性研究

为了应对"特京五"对颗粒物数目的要求,在一台满足国Ⅳ标准柴油机上,以国Ⅴ柴油原排试验结果为基准,对一组氧化型催化器(DOC)+微粒氧化催化转化器(POC)后处理和两组DOC+POC后处理串联时热态全球统一瞬态循环(WHTC)的气态污染物和颗粒物排放结果进行了对比研究。结果表明:单组DOC+POC的净化能力为颗粒物质量降低63%,颗粒物数目降低23%;两组DOC+POC串联可使颗粒物质量降低74%,颗粒物数目降低79%,并可以避免一组DOC+POC方案时颗粒物数量浓度瞬时排放超过原排的现象。采用两组DOC+POC串联方案时,燃用国Ⅲ柴油的排放结果与国Ⅴ柴油的排放结果基本持平,表明两组DOC+POC串联后处理方案可以克服燃油品质变差对颗粒物排放带来的不利影响。     

柴油机缸内后喷对DOC温度的试验分析

为了满足国内五阶段排放法规的要求,颗粒捕集器正在成为降低颗粒物排放的首选方法。以采用DOC+DPF后处理系统的某型柴油机为样机,试验分析了缸内后喷对DOC温度的影响。结果表明,主喷正时、后喷正时、油量以及空燃比对DOC温度有直接影响。分析结果对D PF后处理系统的性能开发具有指导意义。     

基于缸内后喷的拖拉机DPF再生加热探究

针对柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)在拖拉机上的应用,提出了一种不增加外部再生辅助装置,靠"进气节流控制+柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)起燃辅助+缸内多次后喷"手段实现DPF主动再生的方法,研究了加热阶段DOC和DPF的需求温度,按照控制过程设计了再生加热分阶段模型。进行了后喷稳态温度试验及完整再生试验,结果表明:该方法经过约450 s达到DPF主动再生适合温度,可实现完整主动再生。     

不同后处理装置生物柴油发动机颗粒多环芳烃排放

基于一台高压共轨柴油机,利用台架试验采样和离线分析,研究了燃用生物柴油混合燃料BD20使用不同后处理装置(DOC、DPF和CDPF)对柴油机的颗粒多环芳烃(PAHs)排放特性、成分和毒性的影响。研究结果表明:燃用生物柴油混合燃料BD20引起了柴油机颗粒物中PAHs质量比升高和颗粒物毒性增强;不同后处理装置均降低了柴油机的颗粒PAHs排放和毒性,DOC可降低颗粒PAHs排放约30%,使颗粒物毒性降低约20%;DPF和CDPF可去除排气中大部分颗粒PAHs,使颗粒物毒性降低60%以上,使排气毒性降低85%以上,可有效地实现对生物柴油发动机颗粒PAHs排放和毒性的控制。     

WP3四缸柴油机实现国Ⅳ排放的技术研究

首先以某一国Ⅲ柴油机为样机,增加结构优化后的废气再循环(EGR)系统,在未装备后处理装置前提下进行欧洲稳态测试循环(ESC)和欧洲瞬态测试循环(ETC)测试;然后在实验台架上对加装柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)和微粒氧化催化转化器(POC)后处理装置前后的柴油机进行ESC测试。实验结果表明,EGR系统和DOC+POC后处理同时使用才能有效降低NOx和颗粒物(PM)的排放,达到柴油机国Ⅳ排放标准。     

机动车后处理系统快速老化技术研究

介绍了机动车不同排放后处理系统的老化机理,指出:影响TWC、DOC、SCR老化的主要因素为热老化,而影响GPF和DPF老化的主要因素为灰分积聚。介绍了汽油机TWC、GPF快速老化技术以及柴油机后处理装置快速老化技术,包括小样台架快速老化、马弗炉快速老化、DOC前喷油快速老化、DPF灰分加载快速老化、燃烧器快速老化等,并比较分析了各种快速老化技术的特点及应用情况。     

Effects of a DOC+DPF system on emission characteristics of China Π engineering vehicle diesel engine and influence factors of trapping efficiency of PM for DOC+DPF system

To evaluate the emission characteristics of engineering vehicle diesel engine effectively and find a suitable emission control strategy, the emission characteristics experiment of China ?? engineering vehicle diesel engine was conducted with and without DOC+ DPF. The experiment took high-idling, low-idling, and free-acceleration as testing conditions, and used NanoMet3 particulate analysis system to measure PM mass concentration, number concentration and mean particle size. The gaseous emissions (NOx, NO₂, CO, HC) were analyzed by flue gas analyzer Testo350. The results showed that the PM emission characteristics of engineering vehicle diesel engine improved observably under three different conditions With DOC+ DPF. PM mass emissions reduced by over 85%, and PM number emissions were more than reduce of 90%. The metabolic characteristics of PM mean particle size were sample A < sample B < sample C and high-idling < low-idling < free-acceleration. NOx concentration was not influenced obviously by DOC+ DPF, but NO₂/NOx value increased. Besides, DOC+ DPF made CO emissions decreased by 85% and HC emissions decrement between 50%~80% under different conditions. DOC + DPF could improve the emission characteristics of engineering vehicle diesel engine efficiently, which was easily affected by diesel quality and equipment working hours.     

Experimental and computational study on the microwave energy based regeneration in diesel particulate filter for exhaust emission control

The uncontrolled combustion and early-life failure of the Diesel Particulate Filter substrate during fuel-based regeneration has raised the requirement for an alternate regeneration technique. The Latest emission norms have made it a mandatory requirement to retrofit the Diesel Particulate Filtration system in the exhaust line of CI engines to bring down the Particulate emissions. In this work, a novel technique through application of microwave energy has been developed for active regeneration of soot particles accumulated in the filter channel. Modelling of soot layer formation and microwave regeneration were carried out using CFD software (COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS). Performance and emission characteristics of multi-cylinder CI engine were evaluated after retrofitting the developed after-treatment system comprising of Diesel Oxidation Catalysis (DOC) and microwave regeneration based Diesel Particulate Filtration (DPF) systems. Soot accumulation rate and regeneration rate were experimentally investigated at different engine loads and magnetron (microwave radiation source) power levels. The experimental results showed that the developed after-treatment system has an average filtration efficiency of 90% for brake specific particle number emissions and 55% for hydrocarbon emissions. The regeneration rate was observed to be a maximum of 0.21 g/min at 50% power levels owing to the non-linear behaviour of magnetron. Energy consumption pattern of other regeneration techniques has been compared with the developed microwave regeneration system. The effect of soot accumulation and regeneration on the morphology, microstructure, chemical composition and particle size of DPF substrate were examined using characterization studies like Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), Particle Size Analysis (PSA) and microscopic imaging.     

满足欧Ⅳ/Ⅴ排放法规的柴油机排气后处理技术

从车用柴油机的欧Ⅳ/Ⅴ排放法规出发,指出满足该法规必须采取排放后处理装置,介绍了用以处理NOx排放的稀NOx吸附器(LNT)和选择性催化还原装置(SCR),及控制颗粒物(PM)排放的氧化催化器(DOC)和PM过滤器(DPF),分析了这些后处理装置的主要技术特点及应用情况,并认为今后的后处理装置的发展趋势是不同后处理装置的综合使用。     

柴油机加装柴油机氧化催化器和催化型颗粒捕集器装置性能评定试验研究

为了研究加装柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)和催化型颗粒捕集器(CDPF)装置的柴油机性能,探讨DOC与CDPF的净化效率和再生特性随试验循环数的变化规律,搭建了柴油机高原试验台,并按13试验循环进行了性能评定试验。结果显示,在全负荷工况下,随着试验循环数的增加,发动机的进气量、转矩、功率和油耗均比未装DOC和CDPF的原机略有下降。同时,在排气后处理装置的后端,烟度和CO排放均趋向零,而NO₂排放增加,NO排放减少。将第1试验循环与第13试验循环进行比较后可以发现,DOC和CDPF的前端温度均比后端低,而排气后处理装置经13试验循环后仍具有较高的净化效率。与原机相比,加装排气后处理装置的发动机,经性能评定试验后的外特性有所下降,但在排气后处理装置后端的烟度和CO排放趋近于零,而NO₂/NO比例随发动机转速增加先升后降。此外,DOC和CDPF的后端温度低速时上升明显,后随转速升高而降低,直至趋于稳定,而CDPF的压差随转速增加先升后降。此时,捕集效率和再生效率仍保持较高水平。     

NO2-Assisted Soot Regeneration Behavior in a Diesel Particulate Filter with Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhaust Gases

A major concern in operating a diesel engine is how to reduce the soot emission from the exhaust gases, as soot has a negative effect on both human health and the environment. More stringent emission regulations make the diesel particulate filter (DPF) an indispensable after-treatment component to reduce diesel soot from exhaust gases. The most important issue in developing an effective DPF, however, is regeneration technology to oxidize the diesel soot trapped in the filter, either periodically or continuously, during regular engine operations. Various methods exist for regenerating diesel soot captured by the filter. Of these, NO₂ is widely used for continuous regeneration of diesel soot since it can oxidize diesel soot at lower temperatures than the conventional oxidizer O₂ In this work, after introducing governing equations for trapping and regenerating diesel soot in the DPF, regeneration behavior is examined by changing such various parameters as exhaust gas temperature and O₂ concentration. Numerical investigation is then performed in order to find the optimum NO₂/soot ratio required for continuous regeneration of the soot deposited in the DPF.     

HZ4102ZQ型车用直喷式柴油机排放特性试验研究

介绍了HZ4102ZQ型车用直喷式柴油机的十三工况排气污染物和合负荷烟度试验研究结果,CO,HC,NOx和颗粒PT等排气污染物比排放量及全负荷煤度的满足有关排放标准的限值。     

一种新型柴油机清洁含氧燃料添加剂合成及其应用的研究

合成了一种新型含氧物质乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯用作柴油机清洁燃料添加剂,并研究了其对柴油机排放和性能的影响,结果表明：在柴油机外特性下,掺加259／5此种添加剂CO排放平均下降约50％,掺加15％时平均下降约309／6,下降幅度随乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯掺加量增加而增大;在2000r／min负荷特性下掺加此添加剂使CO和烟度排放下降,但掺加量的变化对排放影响不明显,而排放下降幅度均随平均有效压力增高而增大,NOx排放变化不显著。